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  • 在.NET Core 中使用Quartz.NET

    Quartz.NET是功能齐全的开源作业调度系统,可用于最小的应用程序到大型企业系统。

    Quartz.NET具有三个主要概念:

    • job:运行的后台任务
    • trigger:控制后台任务运行的触发器。
    • scheduler:协调job和trigger

    ASP.NET Core通过托管服务对运行“后台任务”具有良好的支持,托管服务在ASP.NET Core应用程序启动时启动,并在应用程序生存期内在后台运行,Quartz.NET版本3.2.0通过Quartz.Extensions.Hosting包引入了对该模式的直接支持,Quartz.Extensions.Hosting可以与ASP.NET Core应用程序一起使用,也可以与基于“通用主机”的工作程序服务一起使用。

    虽然.NET Core可以创建“定时”后台服务(例如,每10分钟运行一次任务),但Quartz.NET提供了更为强大的解决方案, 通过使用Cron表达式,您可以确保任务在特定时间(例如,凌晨2:30)运行,或仅在特定的几天运行,或这些时间的任意组合。Quartz.NET还允许您以集群方式运行应用程序的多个实例,以便在任何时候都只能运行一个实例。

    安装Quartz.NET

    Quartz.NET是一个.NET Standard 2.0 NuGet软件包,所以大部分项目都是支持的,你可以运行安装命令,dotnet add package Quartz.Extensions.Hosting,或者在NNuget可视化安装,如果查看该项目的.csproj,应该是下边这样:

    <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk.Worker">
    
      <PropertyGroup>
        <TargetFramework>net5.0</TargetFramework>
        <UserSecretsId>dotnet-QuartzWorkerService-9D4BFFBE-BE06-4490-AE8B-8AF1466778FD</UserSecretsId>
      </PropertyGroup>
    
      <ItemGroup>
        <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting" Version="5.0.0" />
        <PackageReference Include="Quartz.Extensions.Hosting" Version="3.2.3" />
      </ItemGroup>
    </Project>
    

    安装完成以后,这个包会自动安装 Quartz.NET包,接下来,我们需要在我们的应用程序中注册Quartz服务和Quartz 。

    添加Quartz.NET hosted service

    修改Program.cs,注册服务

    public class Program
    {
        public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            CreateHostBuilder(args).Build().Run();
        }
    
        public static IHostBuilder CreateHostBuilder(string[] args) =>
            Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
                .ConfigureServices((hostContext, services) =>
                {
                    // Add the required Quartz.NET services
                    services.AddQuartz(q =>  
                    {
                        // Use a Scoped container to create jobs. I'll touch on this later
                        q.UseMicrosoftDependencyInjectionScopedJobFactory();
                    });
    
                    // Add the Quartz.NET hosted service
    
                    services.AddQuartzHostedService(
                        q => q.WaitForJobsToComplete = true);
    
                    // other config
                });
    }
    

    UseMicrosoftDependencyInjectionScopedJobFactory(),这个地方告诉Quartz.NET注册一个IJobFactory,然后从DI容器中获取Job,这样也可以使用 Scoped 类型的服务。

    WaitForJobsToComplete():当程序关闭时,此设置可确保Quartz.NET在退出之前等待Job正常结束。

    如果现在运行您的应用程序,您将看到Quartz服务启动,并将有很多日志输出到控制台:

    info: Quartz.Core.SchedulerSignalerImpl[0]
          Initialized Scheduler Signaller of type: Quartz.Core.SchedulerSignalerImpl
    info: Quartz.Core.QuartzScheduler[0]
          Quartz Scheduler v.3.2.3.0 created.
    info: Quartz.Core.QuartzScheduler[0]
          JobFactory set to: Quartz.Simpl.MicrosoftDependencyInjectionJobFactory
    info: Quartz.Simpl.RAMJobStore[0]
          RAMJobStore initialized.
    info: Quartz.Core.QuartzScheduler[0]
          Scheduler meta-data: Quartz Scheduler (v3.2.3.0) 'QuartzScheduler' with instanceId 'NON_CLUSTERED'
      Scheduler class: 'Quartz.Core.QuartzScheduler' - running locally.
      NOT STARTED.
      Currently in standby mode.
      Number of jobs executed: 0
      Using thread pool 'Quartz.Simpl.DefaultThreadPool' - with 10 threads.
      Using job-store 'Quartz.Simpl.RAMJobStore' - which does not support persistence. and is not clustered.
    
    info: Quartz.Impl.StdSchedulerFactory[0]
          Quartz scheduler 'QuartzScheduler' initialized
    info: Quartz.Impl.StdSchedulerFactory[0]
          Quartz scheduler version: 3.2.3.0
    info: Quartz.Core.QuartzScheduler[0]
          Scheduler QuartzScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED started.
    info: Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime[0]
          Application started. Press Ctrl+C to shut down.
    ...
    

    现在,您已经将Quartz作为托管服务运行在您的应用程序中,但是现在还没有添加需要运行的Job。

    创建一个IJob

    这个地方我创建一个简单的服务,并且我可以从构造函数中获取服务。

    using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
    using Quartz;
    using System.Threading.Tasks;
    
    [DisallowConcurrentExecution]
    public class HelloWorldJob : IJob
    {
        private readonly ILogger<HelloWorldJob> _logger;
        public HelloWorldJob(ILogger<HelloWorldJob> logger)
        {
            _logger = logger;
        }
    
        public Task Execute(IJobExecutionContext context)
        {
            _logger.LogInformation("Hello world!");
            return Task.CompletedTask;
        }
    }
    

    我还用[DisallowConcurrentExecution]特性,防止Quartz.NET尝试同时运行同一个作业。

    设置Job

    这个地方通常使用Cron表达式,来设置job的执行时间。

    public static IHostBuilder CreateHostBuilder(string[] args) =>
        Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
            .ConfigureServices((hostContext, services) =>
            {
                services.AddQuartz(q =>  
                {
                    q.UseMicrosoftDependencyInjectionScopedJobFactory();
    
                    // Create a "key" for the job
                    var jobKey = new JobKey("HelloWorldJob");
    
                    // Register the job with the DI container
                    q.AddJob<HelloWorldJob>(opts => opts.WithIdentity(jobKey));
    
                    // Create a trigger for the job
                    q.AddTrigger(opts => opts
                        .ForJob(jobKey) // link to the HelloWorldJob
                        .WithIdentity("HelloWorldJob-trigger") // give the trigger a unique name
                        .WithCronSchedule("0/5 * * * * ?")); // run every 5 seconds
    
                });
                services.AddQuartzHostedService(q => q.WaitForJobsToComplete = true);
                // ...
            });
    

    现在运行应用程序,您将看到和以前相同的启动消息,然后每隔5秒钟就会看到HelloWorldJob写入控制台的信息:

    将配置提取到appsettings.json

    一般情况,我们都不会把cron表达式写死在代码中,一般是设置在appsettings.json中

    {
      "Quartz": {
        "HelloWorldJob": "0/5 * * * * ?"
      }
    }
    

    为了更简单的注册服务,这个地方我简单做了一个封装,这样也更灵活。

    public static class ServiceCollectionQuartzConfiguratorExtensions
    {
        public static void AddJobAndTrigger<T>(
            this IServiceCollectionQuartzConfigurator quartz,
            IConfiguration config)
            where T : IJob
        {
            // Use the name of the IJob as the appsettings.json key
            string jobName = typeof(T).Name;
    
            // Try and load the schedule from configuration
            var configKey = $"Quartz:{jobName}";
            var cronSchedule = config[configKey];
    
            // Some minor validation
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(cronSchedule))
            {
                throw new Exception($"No Quartz.NET Cron schedule found for job in configuration at {configKey}");
            }
    
            // register the job as before
            var jobKey = new JobKey(jobName);
            quartz.AddJob<T>(opts => opts.WithIdentity(jobKey));
    
            quartz.AddTrigger(opts => opts
                .ForJob(jobKey)
                .WithIdentity(jobName + "-trigger")
                .WithCronSchedule(cronSchedule)); // use the schedule from configuration
        }
    }
    

    然后修改Program.cs,然后使用扩展方法:

    public class Program
    {
       public static void Main(string[] args) => CreateHostBuilder(args).Build().Run();
    
       public static IHostBuilder CreateHostBuilder(string[] args) =>
           Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
               .ConfigureServices((hostContext, services) =>
               {
                   services.AddQuartz(q =>
                   {
                       q.UseMicrosoftDependencyInjectionScopedJobFactory();
    
                       // Register the job, loading the schedule from configuration
                       q.AddJobAndTrigger<HelloWorldJob>(hostContext.Configuration);
                   });
    
                   services.AddQuartzHostedService(q => q.WaitForJobsToComplete = true);
               });
    }
    

    再次运行该应用程序将提供相同的输出:Job每5秒输入一次信息。

    原文作者: andrewlock
    原文链接: https://andrewlock.net/using-quartz-net-with-asp-net-core-and-worker-services/

    最后

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/myshowtime/p/14319212.html
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