Java序列化性能比较

一、概述

在很多论坛上都会谈论Java序列化，到底哪个很好呢？各有各的观点。这几天晚上正好在研究淘宝的dubbo的源代码，看到它写的一个测试用例,工程下载见：

http://code.alibabatech.com/svn/dubbo/trunk/dubbo-common

二、测试分析

对同一个对象进行序列化:对象为long[] data = new long[] { -1l, 2l, 3l, 4l, 5l };

java:aced0005757200025b4a782004b512b17593020000787000000005ffffffffffffffff0000000000000002000000000000000300000000000000040000000000000005:67

compacted java:aced000575720000025b4a782004b512b17593020000787000000005ffffffffffffffff0000000000000002000000000000000300000000000000040000000000000005:68

hessian:75055b6c6f6e67dfe2e3e4e5:12

Dubbo:8585181b1c1d1e:7

说明：对于小数据的序列化，Dubbo生成的字节是最小的，只有7个，而Java,Compacted Java是最大

，分别有67个和68个,序列化的结果越小，越适合rpc服务调用

对同一个对象连续进行500次Write和Parse

Dubbo:write and parse 500 times in 62ms, size 212

Hessian2: write and parse 500 times in 516ms, size 378

Java: write and parse 500 times in 203ms, size 969

compacted java: write and parse 500 times in 109ms, size 596

说明：和第一种的测试情况类似，dubbo的性能是最好的，花费的时间只共只有62ms,而大小只有212byte

对一个超大对象进行一次的的Write和parse,如果细分的话，大概有100w个元素

[reportprint]Dubbo write 1 times in 734ms, size 9600316

[reportprint]Dubbo parse 1 times in 734ms, size 9600316

[reportprint]Hessian2 write 1 times in 328ms, size 4100479

[reportprint]Hessian2  parse 1 times in 563ms, size 4100479

[reportprint]java write 1 times in 219ms, size 6800896

[reportprint]java  parse 1 times in 172ms, size 6800896

[reportprint]compacted java write 1 times in 188ms, size 6800474

[reportprint] compacted java write and parse 1 times in 234ms, size 6800474

说明：对于超大的数据，jdk自带的序列化性能最好,其次compacted java,Dubbo反而最差.

三、测试代码

/*
 * Copyright 1999-2011 Alibaba Group.
 *  
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *  
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *  
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package com.alibaba.dubbo.common.serialize;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;

import org.junit.Test;

import com.alibaba.com.caucho.hessian.io.Hessian2Input;
import com.alibaba.com.caucho.hessian.io.Hessian2Output;
import com.alibaba.dubbo.common.io.Bytes;
import com.alibaba.dubbo.common.serialize.support.dubbo.Builder;
import com.alibaba.dubbo.common.serialize.support.java.CompactedObjectInputStream;
import com.alibaba.dubbo.common.serialize.support.java.CompactedObjectOutputStream;

/**
 * @author qian.lei
 * @author ding.lid
 */
public class SerializationCompareTest

{
	public void addBand(Band band, int loop) {
		for (int i = 0; i < loop; i++) {
			DataElement p = new DataElement();
			p.setField("adafadsfasf");
			p.setTitle("afdasf");
			band.addChild(p);
		}
	}

	public ReportPrint getReportPrint() {
		int loop = 1000;
		ReportPrint config = new ReportPrint();
		addBand(config.getHeader(), 1);
		addBand(config.getPageHeader(), 1);
		addBand(config.getDetail(), loop * 100);// 有100行明细
		addBand(config.getFooter(), 1);
		return config;
	}

	@Test
	public void test_CompareSerializeLength() throws Exception {
		long[] data = new long[] { -1l, 2l, 3l, 4l, 5l };
		ByteArrayOutputStream os;

		os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
		ObjectOutputStream jos = new ObjectOutputStream(os);
		jos.writeObject(data);
		System.out.println("java:" + Bytes.bytes2hex(os.toByteArray()) + ":"
				+ os.size());

		os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
		CompactedObjectOutputStream oos = new CompactedObjectOutputStream(os);
		oos.writeObject(data);
		System.out.println("compacted java:"
				+ Bytes.bytes2hex(os.toByteArray()) + ":" + os.size());

		os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
		Hessian2Output h2o = new Hessian2Output(os);
		h2o.writeObject(data);
		h2o.flushBuffer();
		System.out.println("hessian:" + Bytes.bytes2hex(os.toByteArray()) + ":"
				+ os.size());

		os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
		Builder<long[]> lb = Builder.register(long[].class);
		lb.writeTo(data, os);
		System.out.println("DataOutput:" + Bytes.bytes2hex(os.toByteArray())
				+ ":" + os.size());
	}

	@Test
	public void testBuilderPerm() throws Exception {
		Builder<Bean> bb = Builder.register(Bean.class);
		Bean bean = new Bean();
		int len = 0;
		long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
		for (int i = 0; i < 500; i++) {
			ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
			bb.writeTo(bean, os);
			os.close();
			if (i == 0)
				len = os.toByteArray().length;

			ByteArrayInputStream is = new ByteArrayInputStream(os.toByteArray());
			Bean b = bb.parseFrom(is);
			assertEquals(b.getClass(), Bean.class);
		}
		System.out.println("Builder write and parse 500 times in "
				+ (System.currentTimeMillis() - now) + "ms, size " + len);
	}

	@Test
	public void testH2oPerm() throws Exception {
		Bean bean = new Bean();
		int len = 0;
		long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
		for (int i = 0; i < 500; i++) {
			ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
			Hessian2Output out = new Hessian2Output(os);
			out.writeObject(bean);
			out.flushBuffer();
			os.close();
			if (i == 0)
				len = os.toByteArray().length;
			ByteArrayInputStream is = new ByteArrayInputStream(os.toByteArray());
			Hessian2Input in = new Hessian2Input(is);
			assertEquals(in.readObject().getClass(), Bean.class);
		}
		System.out.println("Hessian2 write and parse 500 times in "
				+ (System.currentTimeMillis() - now) + "ms, size " + len);
	}

	@Test
	public void testJavaOutputPerm() throws Exception {
		Bean bean = new Bean();
		int len = 0;
		long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
		for (int i = 0; i < 500; i++) {
			ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
			ObjectOutputStream out = new ObjectOutputStream(os);
			out.writeObject(bean);
			os.close();
			if (i == 0)
				len = os.toByteArray().length;
			ByteArrayInputStream is = new ByteArrayInputStream(os.toByteArray());
			ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(is);
			assertEquals(in.readObject().getClass(), Bean.class);
		}
		System.out.println("java write and parse 500 times in "
				+ (System.currentTimeMillis() - now) + "ms, size " + len);
	}

	@Test
	public void testCompactedJavaOutputPerm() throws Exception {
		Bean bean = new Bean();
		int len = 0;
		long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
		for (int i = 0; i < 500; i++) {
			ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
			CompactedObjectOutputStream out = new CompactedObjectOutputStream(
					os);
			out.writeObject(bean);
			os.close();
			if (i == 0)
				len = os.toByteArray().length;
			ByteArrayInputStream is = new ByteArrayInputStream(os.toByteArray());
			CompactedObjectInputStream in = new CompactedObjectInputStream(is);
			assertEquals(in.readObject().getClass(), Bean.class);
		}
		System.out.println("compacted java write and parse 500 times in "
				+ (System.currentTimeMillis() - now) + "ms, size " + len);
	}

	@Test
	public void testBuilderPerm1() throws Exception {

		Builder<ReportPrint> bb = Builder.register(ReportPrint.class);
		ReportPrint bean = this.getReportPrint();
		int len = 0;
		long now = System.currentTimeMillis();

		ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
		bb.writeTo(bean, os);
		os.close();

		len = os.toByteArray().length;
		System.out.println("[reportprint]Builder write 1 times in "
				+ (System.currentTimeMillis() - now) + "ms, size " + len);
		now = System.currentTimeMillis();

		ByteArrayInputStream is = new ByteArrayInputStream(os.toByteArray());
		ReportPrint b = bb.parseFrom(is);
		assertEquals(b.getClass(), ReportPrint.class);

		System.out.println("[reportprint]Builder  parse 1 times in "
				+ (System.currentTimeMillis() - now) + "ms, size " + len);
	}

	@Test
	public void testH2oPerm1() throws Exception {
		ReportPrint bean = this.getReportPrint();

		long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
		ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
		Hessian2Output out = new Hessian2Output(os);
		out.writeObject(bean);
		out.flushBuffer();
		int len = os.toByteArray().length;
		os.close();
		System.out.println("[reportprint]Hessian2 write 1 times in "
				+ (System.currentTimeMillis() - now) + "ms, size " + len);
		now = System.currentTimeMillis();
		ByteArrayInputStream is = new ByteArrayInputStream(os.toByteArray());
		Hessian2Input in = new Hessian2Input(is);
		assertEquals(in.readObject().getClass(), ReportPrint.class);

		System.out.println("[reportprint]Hessian2  parse 1 times in "
				+ (System.currentTimeMillis() - now) + "ms, size " + len);
	}

	@Test
	public void testJavaOutputPerm1() throws Exception {
		ReportPrint bean = this.getReportPrint();

		long now = System.currentTimeMillis();

		ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
		ObjectOutputStream out = new ObjectOutputStream(os);
		out.writeObject(bean);
		int len = os.toByteArray().length;
		os.close();
		System.out.println("[reportprint]java write 1 times in "
				+ (System.currentTimeMillis() - now) + "ms, size " + len);
		now = System.currentTimeMillis();
		ByteArrayInputStream is = new ByteArrayInputStream(os.toByteArray());
		ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(is);
		assertEquals(in.readObject().getClass(), ReportPrint.class);
		System.out.println("[reportprint]java  parse 1 times in "
				+ (System.currentTimeMillis() - now) + "ms, size " + len);
	}

	@Test
	public void testCompactedJavaOutputPerm1() throws Exception {
		ReportPrint bean = this.getReportPrint();

		long now = System.currentTimeMillis();

		ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
		CompactedObjectOutputStream out = new CompactedObjectOutputStream(os);
		out.writeObject(bean);
		int len = os.toByteArray().length;
		os.close();
		System.out.println("[reportprint]compacted write 1 times in "
				+ (System.currentTimeMillis() - now) + "ms, size " + len);
		now = System.currentTimeMillis();
		ByteArrayInputStream is = new ByteArrayInputStream(os.toByteArray());
		CompactedObjectInputStream in = new CompactedObjectInputStream(is);
		assertEquals(in.readObject().getClass(), ReportPrint.class);

		System.out
				.println("[reportprint]compacted  write and parse 1 times in "
						+ (System.currentTimeMillis() - now) + "ms, size "
						+ len);
	}

	public static enum EnumTest {
		READ, WRITE, CREATE, UNREGISTER
	};

	static class MyList<T> extends ArrayList<T> {
		private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

		private int code = 12345;
		private String id = "feedback";
	}

	static class MyMap<K, V> extends HashMap<K, V> {
		private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

		private int code = 12345;
		private String id = "feedback";
	}

	public static class Bean implements Serializable {
		private static final long serialVersionUID = 7737610585231102146L;

		public EnumTest ve = EnumTest.CREATE;

		public int vi = 0;
		public long vl = 100l;

		boolean b = true;
		boolean[] bs = { false, true };

		String s1 = "1234567890";
		String s2 = "1234567890一二三四五六七八九零";

		int i = 123123, ni = -12344, is[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, -1, -2, -3, -4 };
		short s = 12, ns = -76;
		double d = 12.345, nd = -12.345;
		long l = 1281447759383l, nl = -13445l;
		private ArrayList<Object> mylist = new ArrayList<Object>();
		{
			mylist.add(1);
			mylist.add("qianlei");
			mylist.add("qianlei");
			mylist.add("qianlei");
			mylist.add("qianlei");
		}
		private HashMap<Object, Object> mymap = new HashMap<Object, Object>();
		{
			mymap.put(1, 2);
			mymap.put(2, "1234");
			mymap.put("2345", 12938.122);
			mymap.put("2345", -1);
			mymap.put("2345", -1.20);
		}

		public ArrayList<Object> getMylist() {
			return mylist;
		}

		public void setMylist(ArrayList<Object> list) {
			mylist = list;
		}

		public HashMap<Object, Object> getMymap() {
			return mymap;
		}

		public void setMymap(HashMap<Object, Object> map) {
			mymap = map;
		}
	}
}