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  • Android:剖析源码,随心所欲控制Toast显示

    前言

      Toast相信大家都不会陌生吧,如果对于Toast不甚了解,可以参考我的上一篇博客《Android:谈一谈安卓应用中的Toast情节》,里面有关于Toast基础比较详细的介绍。但是如果你想要看的是最原汁原味的Toast攻略,我非常建议你:出门右转,谷歌官网,据说是一个非常给力的地儿,一般人我还不告诉他呢。但是!如果官网的开发者指南都满足不了你的胃口的话,那你还是得准备点西瓜瓜子回来吧,搬个板凳坐前排来一起分析一下Toast的源码设计。

    Toast的源代码世界

      这个故事要从哪里说起呢?话说很久很久以前,程序员菜鸟小明不小心搜索到了Toast这个java文件,顿时小明心跳加速、脸红耳赤的:“这可不是我经常用到的Toast吗?”。怀揣着程序员固有的好奇心的小明点进了这个代码文件,发现了这么一个函数

    public static Toast makeText(Context context, CharSequence text, int duration) {
            Toast result = new Toast(context);
    
            LayoutInflater inflate = (LayoutInflater)
                    context.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
            View v = inflate.inflate(com.android.internal.R.layout.transient_notification, null);
            TextView tv = (TextView)v.findViewById(com.android.internal.R.id.message);
            tv.setText(text);
            
            result.mNextView = v;
            result.mDuration = duration;
    
            return result;
        }

    好眼熟,貌似昨天还刚刚跟它在代码上打过招呼呢。小明顿时有一种很高大上的感觉,这就是传说中的android源代码!

    小明瞄了几眼代码,马上总结出两个信息:1、android源码真简单!2、Toast显示的布局文件是transient_notification.xml!

    怀揣这洋洋得意的心思,小明在源代码中开始搜索transient_notification.xml,一顿卡死,终于在快放弃的时候给出了结果。

    <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"  
        android:layout_width="match_parent"  
        android:layout_height="match_parent"  
        android:orientation="vertical"  
        android:background="?android:attr/toastFrameBackground">  
      
        <TextView  
            android:id="@android:id/message"  
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"  
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
            android:layout_weight="1"  
            android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"  
            android:textAppearance="@style/TextAppearance.Toast"  
            android:textColor="@color/bright_foreground_dark"  
            android:shadowColor="#BB000000"  
            android:shadowRadius="2.75"  
            />  
      
    </LinearLayout>  

    这简单的不像话了!!小明愤怒了。但是愤怒归愤怒,小明还是继续往下看了,接下来看什么呢,肯定是show()方法了。

    小明边念念叨叨的:“作为一个二十一世纪的优秀攻城狮,我们需要的是一种探索源代码的情怀。。。。。。”,一边定位到了show()的代码。

    public void show() {
      if (mNextView == null) {
        throw new RuntimeException("setView must have been called");
      }
    
      INotificationManager service = getService();
      String pkg = mContext.getPackageName();
      TN tn = mTN;
      tn.mNextView = mNextView;
    
      try {
        service.enqueueToast(pkg, tn, mDuration);
      } catch (RemoteException e) {
        // Empty
      }
    }

       这里好像是要先获取一个服务:INotificationManager,然后调用service.enqueueToast(pkg, tn, mDuration)好像是将Toast放到一个队列里面显示吧;小明这么底气不足的理解着。这个TN是个啥子玩意呢?没见过?那就来个第一次约会咯。代码搜索出炉:

    private static class TN extends ITransientNotification.Stub {  
            final Runnable mShow = new Runnable() {  
                @Override  
                public void run() {  
                    handleShow();  
                }  
            };  
      
            final Runnable mHide = new Runnable() {  
                @Override  
                public void run() {  
                    handleHide();  
                    // Don't do this in handleHide() because it is also invoked by handleShow()  
                    mNextView = null;  
                }  
            };  
      
            private final WindowManager.LayoutParams mParams = new WindowManager.LayoutParams();  
            final Handler mHandler = new Handler();      
      
            int mGravity;  
            int mX, mY;  
            float mHorizontalMargin;  
            float mVerticalMargin;  
      
      
            View mView;  
            View mNextView;  
      
            WindowManager mWM;  
      
            TN() {  
                // XXX This should be changed to use a Dialog, with a Theme.Toast  
                // defined that sets up the layout params appropriately.  
                final WindowManager.LayoutParams params = mParams;  
                params.height = WindowManager.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT;  
                params.width = WindowManager.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT;  
                params.format = PixelFormat.TRANSLUCENT;  
                params.windowAnimations = com.android.internal.R.style.Animation_Toast;  
                params.type = WindowManager.LayoutParams.TYPE_TOAST;  
                params.setTitle("Toast");  
                params.flags = WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_KEEP_SCREEN_ON  
                        | WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_NOT_FOCUSABLE  
                        | WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_NOT_TOUCHABLE;  
            }  
      
            /** 
             * schedule handleShow into the right thread 
             */  
            @Override  
            public void show() {  
                if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "SHOW: " + this);  
                mHandler.post(mShow);  
            }  
      
            /** 
             * schedule handleHide into the right thread 
             */  
            @Override  
            public void hide() {  
                if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "HIDE: " + this);  
                mHandler.post(mHide);  
            }  
      
            public void handleShow() {  
                if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "HANDLE SHOW: " + this + " mView=" + mView  
                        + " mNextView=" + mNextView);  
                if (mView != mNextView) {  
                    // remove the old view if necessary  
                    handleHide();  
                    mView = mNextView;  
                    Context context = mView.getContext().getApplicationContext();  
                    if (context == null) {  
                        context = mView.getContext();  
                    }  
                    mWM = (WindowManager)context.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE);  
                    // We can resolve the Gravity here by using the Locale for getting  
                    // the layout direction  
                    final Configuration config = mView.getContext().getResources().getConfiguration();  
                    final int gravity = Gravity.getAbsoluteGravity(mGravity, config.getLayoutDirection());  
                    mParams.gravity = gravity;  
                    if ((gravity & Gravity.HORIZONTAL_GRAVITY_MASK) == Gravity.FILL_HORIZONTAL) {  
                        mParams.horizontalWeight = 1.0f;  
                    }  
                    if ((gravity & Gravity.VERTICAL_GRAVITY_MASK) == Gravity.FILL_VERTICAL) {  
                        mParams.verticalWeight = 1.0f;  
                    }  
                    mParams.x = mX;  
                    mParams.y = mY;  
                    mParams.verticalMargin = mVerticalMargin;  
                    mParams.horizontalMargin = mHorizontalMargin;  
                    if (mView.getParent() != null) {  
                        if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "REMOVE! " + mView + " in " + this);  
                        mWM.removeView(mView);  
                    }  
                    if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "ADD! " + mView + " in " + this);  
                    mWM.addView(mView, mParams);  
                    trySendAccessibilityEvent();  
                }  
            }  
      
            private void trySendAccessibilityEvent() {  
                AccessibilityManager accessibilityManager =  
                        AccessibilityManager.getInstance(mView.getContext());  
                if (!accessibilityManager.isEnabled()) {  
                    return;  
                }  
                // treat toasts as notifications since they are used to  
                // announce a transient piece of information to the user  
                AccessibilityEvent event = AccessibilityEvent.obtain(  
                        AccessibilityEvent.TYPE_NOTIFICATION_STATE_CHANGED);  
                event.setClassName(getClass().getName());  
                event.setPackageName(mView.getContext().getPackageName());  
                mView.dispatchPopulateAccessibilityEvent(event);  
                accessibilityManager.sendAccessibilityEvent(event);  
            }          
      
            public void handleHide() {  
                if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "HANDLE HIDE: " + this + " mView=" + mView);  
                if (mView != null) {  
                    // note: checking parent() just to make sure the view has  
                    // been added...  i have seen cases where we get here when  
                    // the view isn't yet added, so let's try not to crash.  
                    if (mView.getParent() != null) {  
                        if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "REMOVE! " + mView + " in " + this);  
                        mWM.removeView(mView);  
                    }  
      
                    mView = null;  
                }  
            }  
        } 

    乍一看,把小明给虚的,急忙找来大牛程序员帮忙讲解一下。大牛认真过了几眼,咦~其实也不是那么复杂的。这时大牛注意到了这个TN继承了ITransientNotification.Stub,这个类的形式不知道大家还熟悉吗?连小明好像在博客园里面介绍AIDL的文章时懵懵懂懂看到过这种形式的类,可是没等小明反应过来,大牛顺手就在源代码中搜索了一下:ITransientNotification

    “果断是AIDL!!”小明惊叹。果然大神跟菜鸟就是不一样,大牛这时打开ITransientNotification瞄一瞄,发现了show()和hide()这两个方法。

    package android.app;  
      
    /** @hide */  
    oneway interface ITransientNotification {  
        void show();  
        void hide();  
    } 

    “那么应该回去TN看看他的实现了”,大牛跟小明说。

    @Override  
    public void show() {  
        if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "SHOW: " + this);  
        mHandler.post(mShow);  
    }  
    
    @Override  
    public void hide() {  
        if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "HIDE: " + this);  
        mHandler.post(mHide);  
    }  

    原来是使用handler机制,分别post一个nShow和一个mHide,再接再厉,追踪源码

    final Runnable mShow = new Runnable() {  
      @Override  
      public void run() {  
        handleShow();  
      }  
    };  
      
    final Runnable mHide = new Runnable() {  
      @Override  
      public void run() {  
        handleHide();  
        mNextView = null;  
      }  
    };

    小明这次学聪明了,毕竟跟大牛学习比小明整天啃得那些《七天精通Android编程》之类的坑爹书靠谱多了,所以小明跟大牛说,我们应该看看handleShow()的实现,正解!

    public void handleShow() {  
      if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "HANDLE SHOW: " + this + " mView=" + mView  
         + " mNextView=" + mNextView);  
      if (mView != mNextView) {  
      // remove the old view if necessary  
      handleHide();  
      mView = mNextView;  
      Context context = mView.getContext().getApplicationContext();  
      if (context == null) {  
        context = mView.getContext();  
      }  
      mWM = (WindowManager)context.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE);  
      // We can resolve the Gravity here by using the Locale for getting  
      // the layout direction  
      final Configuration config = mView.getContext().getResources().getConfiguration();  
      final int gravity = Gravity.getAbsoluteGravity(mGravity, config.getLayoutDirection());  
      mParams.gravity = gravity;  
      if ((gravity & Gravity.HORIZONTAL_GRAVITY_MASK) == Gravity.FILL_HORIZONTAL) {  
        mParams.horizontalWeight = 1.0f;  
      }  
      if ((gravity & Gravity.VERTICAL_GRAVITY_MASK) == Gravity.FILL_VERTICAL) {  
        mParams.verticalWeight = 1.0f;  
      }  
      mParams.x = mX;  
      mParams.y = mY;  
      mParams.verticalMargin = mVerticalMargin;  
      mParams.horizontalMargin = mHorizontalMargin;  
      if (mView.getParent() != null) {  
        if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "REMOVE! " + mView + " in " + this);  
          mWM.removeView(mView);  
      }  
      if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "ADD! " + mView + " in " + this);  
      mWM.addView(mView, mParams);  
      trySendAccessibilityEvent();  
      }  
    } 

    原来是Toast的视图是通过WindowManager的addView来加载的,小明突然感觉自己向高级程序员迈进了一大步-----“怎么说哥现在也是了解实现原理的人了!”

    他们接下来又把邪恶的目光定位在TN()这个构造方法上面

    TN() {  
      final WindowManager.LayoutParams params = mParams;  
      params.height = WindowManager.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT;  
      params.width = WindowManager.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT;  
      params.format = PixelFormat.TRANSLUCENT;  
      params.windowAnimations = com.android.internal.R.style.Animation_Toast;  
      params.type = WindowManager.LayoutParams.TYPE_TOAST;  
      params.setTitle("Toast");  
      params.flags = WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_KEEP_SCREEN_ON  
        | WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_NOT_FOCUSABLE  
        | WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_NOT_TOUCHABLE;  
    }  

    这就是设置Toast中的View的各种位置参数params。

    但是小明还是有点不明白,大牛看到小明神游的样子,就给他解释道:

      其实Toast的原理是这样的,先通过makeText()实例化出一个Toast,然后调用toast.Show()方法,这时并不会马上显示Toast,而是会实例化一个TN变量,然后通过service.enqueueToast()将其加到服务队列里面去等待显示。在TN中进行调控Toast的显示格式以及里面的hide()、show()方法来控制Toast的出现以及消失,强调一下的是这个队列是系统维护的,我们并不能干涉。

    小明若有所思的点点头。。。。。。

     自由控制Toast的显示时间

      时间就像水,干着干着就干了,撸着撸着就没了,吸着吸着就瘪了。两三天又过去了,突然有一天头儿给小明吩咐了一个活:给应用设置一个较长时间的Toast。这还不简单,小明偷偷在工位上打着瞌睡揉揉眼睛,Toast.setDuration()不就解决了嘛~要几秒就设几秒咯,这还是事儿?但是,谷歌又一次坑了他:因为小明不管怎么设置,Toast只能有显示2s和3.5s这两个情况,这时为啥呢?小明突然想起前些天翻了翻Toast的源码,赶紧去里面找答案

    private void scheduleTimeoutLocked(ToastRecord r)  {  
      mHandler.removeCallbacksAndMessages(r);  
      Message m = Message.obtain(mHandler, MESSAGE_TIMEOUT, r);  
      long delay = r.duration == Toast.LENGTH_LONG ? LONG_DELAY : SHORT_DELAY;  
      mHandler.sendMessageDelayed(m, delay);  
    }
    private static final int LONG_DELAY = 3500; // 3.5 seconds  
    private static final int SHORT_DELAY = 2000; // 2 seconds  

      我们呢看到这里是使用了handler中的延迟发信息来显示toast的,这里我们也看到了,延迟时间是duration,但是只有两个值:2s和3.5s这两个值,所以我们在之前说过我们设置toast的显示时间是没有任何效果的,所以小明又得去请教大牛了,果然活都不会是那么简单的。。。。。。。

    大牛早有研究,他分析道:你还记得我们前些天分析的Toast源代码吗?Toast的显示是首先借助TN类,所有的显示逻辑在这个类中的show方法中,然后再实例一个TN类变量,将传递到一个队列中进行显示,所以我们要向解决这个显示的时间问题,那就从入队列这部给截断,说白了就两点:

    1、不让Toast进入队列

    2、调用TN类中的hide和show的方法自己控制Toast

    但是第一点好实现,第二点让人抓狂了,因为我们看到TN这个类是私有的,所以我们也不能实例化他的对象,但是toast类中有一个实例化对象:tn

    final TN mTN;  

    竟然是包访问权限,大牛一脸淫笑的说,咱们得借助无比强大的反射技术,我们只需要反射出这个变量,然后强暴她一次即可,得到这个变量我们可以得到这个TN类对象了,然后再使用反射获取他的show和hide方法即可,代码如下:

    方法一:

    public class ToastReflect {
        
        private Toast mToast;
        private Field field;
        private Object obj;
        private Method showMethod, hideMethod;
        private double time;
        
        private ToastReflect(Context context, String text, double time){
            this.time = time;
            mToast = Toast.makeText(context, text, Toast.LENGTH_LONG);
            reflectionTN();
        }
        
        private void reflectionTN() {
            try{
                field = mToast.getClass().getDeclaredField("mTN");
                field.setAccessible(true);
                obj = field.get(mToast);
                showMethod = obj.getClass().getDeclaredMethod("show", null);
                hideMethod = obj.getClass().getDeclaredMethod("hide", null);
            }catch(Exception e){
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    
        public static ToastReflect makeText(Context context, String text, double time){
            ToastReflect toastReflect = new ToastReflect(context, text, time);
            return toastReflect;
        }
        
        private void showToast(){
            try{
                showMethod.invoke(obj, null);
            }catch(Exception e){
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        
        private void hideToast(){
            try{
                hideMethod.invoke(obj, null);
            }catch(Exception e){
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        
        public void show(){
            showToast();
            new Timer().schedule(new TimerTask() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    hideToast();
                }
            }, (long)(time * 1000));
        }
    }

    ps:利用反射来控制Toast的显示时间在高版本会有bug,Android 2.2实测实可以用的,Android 4.0则无法使用。具体原因大牛还在分析。。。。。。

    方法二:

      但是作为一个通用性软件,对于任何版本都需要支持,所以小明还是只能采取其他办法,说实话,还真发现了一个比较傻瓜的实现。

    就是可以利用handler.post结合timer来实现效果,兼容性较好。。利用定时重复show一个Toast就能达到根据特定时间来显示的功能。

    public class ToastSimple {
        
        private double time;
        private static Handler handler;
        private Timer showTimer;
        private Timer cancelTimer;
        
        private Toast toast;
        
        private ToastSimple(){
            showTimer = new Timer();
            cancelTimer = new Timer();
        }
        
        public void setTime(double time) {
            this.time = time;
        }
        
        public void setToast(Toast toast){
            this.toast = toast;
        }
        
        public static ToastSimple makeText(Context context, String text, double time){
            ToastSimple toast1= new ToastSimple();
            toast1.setTime(time);
            toast1.setToast(Toast.makeText(context, text, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT));
            handler = new Handler(context.getMainLooper());
            return toast1;
        }
        
        public void show(){
            toast.show();
            if(time > 2){
                showTimer.schedule(new TimerTask() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        handler.post(new ShowRunnable());
                    }
                }, 0, 1900);
            }
            cancelTimer.schedule(new TimerTask() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    handler.post(new CancelRunnable());
                }
            }, (long)(time * 1000));
        }
        
        private class CancelRunnable implements Runnable{
            @Override
            public void run() {
                showTimer.cancel();
                toast.cancel();
            }
        }
        
        private class ShowRunnable implements Runnable{
            @Override
            public void run() {
                toast.show();
            }
        }
    }

    方法三:  

    这时,大牛也琢磨出一个办法,因为Toast是基于windowManager来显示的,所以完全可以自己写一个自定义的Toast,代码如下

    package com.net168.toast;
    
    import java.util.Timer;
    import java.util.TimerTask;
    
    import android.content.Context;
    import android.graphics.PixelFormat;
    import android.view.Gravity;
    import android.view.View;
    import android.view.WindowManager;
    import android.widget.Toast;
    
    public class ToastCustom {
        
        private WindowManager wdm;
        private double time;
        private View mView;
        private WindowManager.LayoutParams params;
        private Timer timer;
        
        private ToastCustom(Context context, String text, double time){
            wdm = (WindowManager) context.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE);
            timer = new Timer();
            
            Toast toast = Toast.makeText(context, text, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT);
            mView = toast.getView();
            
            params = new WindowManager.LayoutParams();
            params.height = WindowManager.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT;  
            params.width = WindowManager.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT;  
            params.format = PixelFormat.TRANSLUCENT;  
            params.windowAnimations = toast.getView().getAnimation().INFINITE;  
            params.type = WindowManager.LayoutParams.TYPE_TOAST;  
            params.setTitle("Toast");  
            params.flags = WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_KEEP_SCREEN_ON  
                    | WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_NOT_FOCUSABLE  
                    | WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_NOT_TOUCHABLE;
            params.gravity = Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL | Gravity.BOTTOM;
            params.y = -30;
            
            this.time = time;
        }
        
        public static ToastCustom makeText(Context context, String text, double time){
            ToastCustom toastCustom = new ToastCustom(context, text, time);
            return toastCustom;
        }
        
        public void show(){
            wdm.addView(mView, params);
            timer.schedule(new TimerTask() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    wdm.removeView(mView);
                }
            }, (long)(time * 1000));
        }
        
        public void cancel(){
            wdm.removeView(mView);
            timer.cancel();
        }
        
        
    }

    PS:上面自定义Toast代码只实现了基本功能,其余功能由于时间关系没有全部实现。

    测试代码如下:

    public class MainActivity extends ActionBarActivity implements View.OnClickListener{
        
        private EditText edt_duration;
        private Button btn_toast_simple;
        private Button btn_toast_reflect;
        private Button btn_toast_custom;
        
        @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
            
            edt_duration = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.edt_duration);
            btn_toast_simple = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_toast_simple);
            btn_toast_reflect = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_toast_reflect);
            btn_toast_custom = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_toast_custom);
            
            btn_toast_simple.setOnClickListener(this);
            btn_toast_reflect.setOnClickListener(this);
            btn_toast_custom.setOnClickListener(this);
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            double time = Double.parseDouble((edt_duration.getText().toString()));
            switch (v.getId()){
            case R.id.btn_toast_simple:
                ToastSimple.makeText(MainActivity.this, "简单Toast,执行时间为:" + time, time).show();
                break;
            case R.id.btn_toast_reflect:
                ToastReflect.makeText(MainActivity.this, "反射Toast,执行时间为" + time, time).show();
                break;
            case R.id.btn_toast_custom:
                ToastCustom.makeText(MainActivity.this, "反射Toast,执行时间为" + time, time).show();
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    限于篇幅,也就懒得讲解了。。。。。。

    作者:enjoy风铃
    出处:http://www.cnblogs.com/net168/
    本文版权归作者和博客园共有,欢迎转载,但未经作者同意必须保留此段声明,且在文章页面明显位置给出原文连接,否则下次不给你转载了。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/net168/p/4058193.html
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