步骤 1 : 可运行项目
首先下载一个简单的可运行项目作为演示:网盘链接:https://www.90pan.com/b1869097
下载后解压,比如解压到 E:projectspringboot 目录下
步骤 2 : JPA 条件查询方式
JPA 条件查询方式很有意思,是不需要写 SQL 语句的,只需要在 dao 接口里按照规范的命名定义对应的方法名,即可达到查询相应字段的效果了。
在如下代码里做了如下事情:
- test1() 查询所有数据
- test2() 通过自定义的接口方法 findByName,根据 name 查询分类表
- test3() 通过自定义的接口方法 findByNameLikeAndIdGreaterThanOrderByNameAsc,根据名称模糊查询,id 大于某值, 并且名称正排序查询。
TestJPA.java 类:
package com.ryan.springboot.test;
import java.util.List;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import com.ryan.springboot.Application;
import com.ryan.springboot.dao.CategoryDAO;
import com.ryan.springboot.pojo.Category;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = Application.class)
public class TestJPA {
@Autowired CategoryDAO dao;
@Test
public void test1() {
List<Category> cs= dao.findAll();
System.out.println("所有的分类信息:");
for (Category c : cs) {
System.out.println(c.getName());
}
System.out.println();
}
@Test
public void test2() {
System.out.println("查询名称是 " 疯人院" 的信息:");
List<Category> cs= dao.findByName("疯人院");
for (Category c : cs) {
System.out.println("c.getName():"+ c.getName());
}
System.out.println();
}
@Test
public void test3() {
System.out.println("根据名称模糊查询,id 大于5, 并且名称正排序查询");
List<Category> cs= dao.findByNameLikeAndIdGreaterThanOrderByNameAsc("%人%",5);
for (Category c : cs) {
System.out.println(c);
}
System.out.println();
}
}
CategoryDAO.java 类:
package com.ryan.springboot.dao;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import com.ryan.springboot.pojo.Category;
public interface CategoryDAO extends JpaRepository<Category,Integer>{
public List<Category> findByName(String name);
public List<Category> findByNameLikeAndIdGreaterThanOrderByNameAsc(String name, int id);
}
Category.java 类:
package com.ryan.springboot.pojo;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;
@Entity
@Table(name = "category_")
public class Category {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
@Column(name = "id")
private int id;
@Column(name = "name")
private String name;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Category [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + "]";
}
}
步骤 3 : 实现原理
虽然 JPA 没有自己手动写 sql 语句,但是通过反射获取自定义的接口方法里提供的信息,就知道用户希望根据什么条件来查询了。 然后 JPA 底层再偷偷摸摸地拼装对应的 sql 语句,丢给数据库,就达到了条件查询的效果啦。
对反射不熟悉的同学,可了解反射基础教程: 反射基础教程
步骤 4 : 条件查询规范
上面只是个别举例,下表把 jpa 做的各种查询规范都列出来了。 如果要做其他相关查询,按照表格中的规范设计接口方法即可。
关键词 | 举例 | 生成的JPQL 语句片段 |
---|---|---|
And | findByLastnameAndFirstname | … where x.lastname = ?1 and x.firstname = ?2 |
Or | findByLastnameOrFirstname | … where x.lastname = ?1 or x.firstname = ?2 |
Is,Equals | findByFirstname findByFirstnameIs findByFirstnameEquals |
… where x.firstname = ?1 |
Between | findByStartDateBetween | … where x.startDate between ?1 and ?2 |
LessThan | findByAgeLessThan | … where x.age < ?1 |
LessThanEqual | findByAgeLessThanEqual | … where x.age ⇐ ?1 |
GreaterThan | findByAgeGreaterThan | … where x.age > ?1 |
GreaterThanEqual | findByAgeGreaterThanEqual | … where x.age >= ?1 |
After | findByStartDateAfter | … where x.startDate > ?1 |
Before | findByStartDateBefore | … where x.startDate < ?1 |
IsNull | findByAgeIsNull | … where x.age is null |
IsNotNull,NotNull | findByAge(Is)NotNull | … where x.age not null |
Like | findByFirstnameLike | … where x.firstname like ?1 |
NotLike | findByFirstnameNotLike | … where x.firstname not like ?1 |
StartingWith | findByFirstnameStartingWith | … where x.firstname like ?1 (parameter bound with appended %) |
EndingWith | findByFirstnameEndingWith | … where x.firstname like ?1 (parameter bound with prepended %) |
Containing | findByFirstnameContaining | … where x.firstname like ?1 (parameter bound wrapped in %) |
OrderBy | findByAgeOrderByLastnameDesc | … where x.age = ?1 order by x.lastname desc |
Not | findByLastnameNot | … where x.lastname <> ?1 |
In | findByAgeIn(Collection ages) | … where x.age in ?1 |
NotIn | findByAgeNotIn(Collection age) | … where x.age not in ?1 |
True | findByActiveTrue() | … where x.active = true |
False | findByActiveFalse() | … where x.active = false |
IgnoreCase | findByFirstnameIgnoreCase | … where UPPER(x.firstame) = UPPER(?1) |
步骤 5 : 测试
运行 TestJPA 类就可以看到如图所示的效果了
更多关于 Springboot_JPA_条件查询 详细内容,点击学习: http://t.cn/A62YcgRW