Quartz-作业调度框架

简介　　

　　Quartz 是个开源的作业调度框架，为在 Java 应用程序中进行作业调度提供了简单却强大的机制。Quartz 允许开发人员根据时间间隔（或天）来调度作业。它实现了作业和触发器的多对多关系，还能把多个作业与不同的触发器关联。整合了 Quartz 的应用程序可以重用来自不同事件的作业，还可以为一个事件组合多个作业。虽然可以通过属性文件（在属性文件中可以指定 JDBC 事务的数据源、全局作业和/或触发器侦听器、插件、线程池，以及更多）配置 Quartz，但它根本没有与应用程序服务器的上下文或引用集成在一起。结果就是作业不能访问 Web 服务器的内部函数；例如，在使用 WebSphere 应用服务器时，由 Quartz 调度的作业并不能影响服务器的动态缓存和数据源。

使用前奏

　　1. 新建一个maven项目（可以是web也可以是普通的java项目），添加上相关依赖。

<properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <quartz.version>2.2.0</quartz.version>
</properties>

<dependencies>
....
<!--quartz dependency-->
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.quartz-scheduler</groupId>
          <artifactId>quartz-jobs</artifactId>
          <version>${quartz.version}</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.quartz-scheduler</groupId>
          <artifactId>quartz</artifactId>
          <version>${quartz.version}</version>
      </dependency>
</dependencies>

　　2. 在resources下新建一个配置文件quartz.properties，添加如下内容：

org.quartz.scheduler.instanceName = MyScheduler #指定调度器的名称
org.quartz.threadPool.threadCount = 3 #线程池中最多同时有3个线程运行
org.quartz.jobStore.class = org.quartz.simpl.RAMJobStore #指定Quartz的数据（job及trigger信息）存储位置，RamJobStore指内存

启动一个Scheduler

package com.netease.test.quartz;

import org.quartz.Scheduler;
import org.quartz.SchedulerException;
import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;

/**
 * User: hzwangxx
 * Date: 14-2-26
 * Time: 0:16
 */
public class QuartzTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            //1.从StdSchedulerFactory工厂中获取一个任务调度器
            Scheduler scheduler = StdSchedulerFactory.getDefaultScheduler();

            //2. 启动调度器
            scheduler.start();
            System.out.println("scheduler is start...");

            //关闭调度器
            scheduler.shutdown();
        } catch (SchedulerException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();  //To change body of catch statement use File | Settings | File Templates.
        }
    }
}
/*
  console output:
2014-02-26 00:22:31,744 0    [main] INFO  - Using default implementation for ThreadExecutor
2014-02-26 00:22:31,766 22   [main] INFO  - Initialized Scheduler Signaller of type: class org.quartz.core.SchedulerSignalerImpl
2014-02-26 00:22:31,767 23   [main] INFO  - Quartz Scheduler v.2.2.0 created.
2014-02-26 00:22:31,768 24   [main] INFO  - RAMJobStore initialized.
2014-02-26 00:22:31,769 25   [main] INFO  - Scheduler meta-data: Quartz Scheduler (v2.2.0) 'MyScheduler' with instanceId 'NON_CLUSTERED'
  Scheduler class: 'org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler' - running locally.
  NOT STARTED.
  Currently in standby mode.
  Number of jobs executed: 0
  Using thread pool 'org.quartz.simpl.SimpleThreadPool' - with 3 threads.
  Using job-store 'org.quartz.simpl.RAMJobStore' - which does not support persistence. and is not clustered.

2014-02-26 00:22:31,769 25   [main] INFO  - Quartz scheduler 'MyScheduler' initialized from default resource file in Quartz package: 'quartz.properties'
2014-02-26 00:22:31,769 25   [main] INFO  - Quartz scheduler version: 2.2.0
2014-02-26 00:22:31,769 25   [main] INFO  - Scheduler MyScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED started.
scheduler is start...
2014-02-26 00:22:31,769 25   [main] INFO  - Scheduler MyScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED shutting down.
2014-02-26 00:22:31,770 26   [main] INFO  - Scheduler MyScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED paused.
2014-02-26 00:22:31,770 26   [main] INFO  - Scheduler MyScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED shutdown complete.
*/

 简单Helloworld

package com.netease.test.quartz;

import org.quartz.*;
import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;

import java.util.Date;

import static org.quartz.JobBuilder.newJob;
import static org.quartz.SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule;
import static org.quartz.TriggerBuilder.newTrigger;

/**
 * User: hzwangxx
 * Date: 14-2-26
 * Time: 0:16
 */
public class QuartzTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            //1.从StdSchedulerFactory工厂中获取一个任务调度器
            Scheduler scheduler = StdSchedulerFactory.getDefaultScheduler();

            //2. 启动调度器
            scheduler.start();
            System.out.println("scheduler is start...");
            //3. 添加定时任务
            //  3.1 定义job
            JobDetail job = newJob(HelloJob.class)
                    .withIdentity("job1", "group1")
                    .build();

            //  3.2 定义Trigger，使得job现在就运行，并每隔3s中运行一次，重复运行5次, withRepeatCount(number)设定job运行次数为number+1
            Trigger trigger = newTrigger()
                    .withIdentity("trigger1", "group1")
                    .startNow()
                    .withSchedule(simpleSchedule()
                        .withIntervalInSeconds(3)
                        .withRepeatCount(4))
                    .build();

            //  3.3 交给scheduler去调度
            scheduler.scheduleJob(job, trigger);
            //4. 关闭调度器
            //scheduler.shutdown();
        } catch (SchedulerException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 自定义Job，实现Job接口并实现execute方法
     */
    public static class HelloJob implements Job{

        public void execute(JobExecutionContext context) throws JobExecutionException {
            System.out.println("execute job at " + new Date() + " by trigger " + context.getTrigger().getJobKey());
        }
    }
}
/*
  console output:
2014-02-26 01:05:25,766 0    [main] INFO  - Using default implementation for ThreadExecutor
2014-02-26 01:05:25,794 28   [main] INFO  - Initialized Scheduler Signaller of type: class org.quartz.core.SchedulerSignalerImpl
2014-02-26 01:05:25,795 29   [main] INFO  - Quartz Scheduler v.2.2.0 created.
2014-02-26 01:05:25,797 31   [main] INFO  - RAMJobStore initialized.
2014-02-26 01:05:25,798 32   [main] INFO  - Scheduler meta-data: Quartz Scheduler (v2.2.0) 'MyScheduler' with instanceId 'NON_CLUSTERED'
  Scheduler class: 'org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler' - running locally.
  NOT STARTED.
  Currently in standby mode.
  Number of jobs executed: 0
  Using thread pool 'org.quartz.simpl.SimpleThreadPool' - with 3 threads.
  Using job-store 'org.quartz.simpl.RAMJobStore' - which does not support persistence. and is not clustered.

2014-02-26 01:05:25,798 32   [main] INFO  - Quartz scheduler 'MyScheduler' initialized from default resource file in Quartz package: 'quartz.properties'
2014-02-26 01:05:25,799 33   [main] INFO  - Quartz scheduler version: 2.2.0
2014-02-26 01:05:25,799 33   [main] INFO  - Scheduler MyScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED started.
scheduler is start...
execute job at Wed Feb 26 01:05:25 CST 2014 by trigger group1.job1
execute job at Wed Feb 26 01:05:28 CST 2014 by trigger group1.job1
execute job at Wed Feb 26 01:05:31 CST 2014 by trigger group1.job1
execute job at Wed Feb 26 01:05:34 CST 2014 by trigger group1.job1
execute job at Wed Feb 26 01:05:37 CST 2014 by trigger group1.job1

*/

 API说明

Quartz框架核心的几个类如下：

• Scheduler - 与scheduler进行交互的主要API，整个生命周期是由SchedulerFactory创建到调用shutdown()方法
• Job - 希望scheduler进行调度的自定义任务接口，主要实现该接口的execute方法。
• JobDetail - 定义Job的相关信息
• Trigger - 定义调度器调度任务的触发器，主要描述任务的执行时间，周期等信息
• JobBuilder - 用来定义和创建JobDetail实例
• TriggerBuilder - 用来定义和创建Trigger实例