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  • DataGridView使用技巧大全

    收集一些在DataGridVeiw使用技巧,备用。

    一、DataGridView 单元格验证

    1、定义单元格验证
    要求:验证错误后焦点不离开。
    实现:
    单元格的验证可以使用dgv_details_CellValidating事件。
    验证不通过时调用e.Cancel = true;终止事件链,单元格将保持编辑状态。
    调用dgv_details.CancelEdit();可以使单元格的内容会滚到修改前的值。
    使用System.Windows.Forms.SendKeys.Send("^a");将全选单元格的内容。

    2、单元格选中并开始编辑状态
    实现:

    //DataGridView获得焦点
    dgv_details.Focus();
    //DataGridView指定当前单元格
    dgv_details.CurrentCell = dgv_details[0, 0];
    //开始编辑状态
    dgv_details.BeginEdit(false);
    3、定制自动生成绑定了列
    实现:

    dgv_details.AutoGenerateColumns = false;
    4、设置列的背景色
    实现:

    Color GridReadOnlyColor = Color.LightGoldenrodYellow;
    dgv_details.Columns[1].DefaultCellStyle.BackColor = WinKeys.GridReadOnlyColor;
    5、DataGridView单元格验证的设计的问题
    问题:绑定还是不绑定?
    1)绑定的优势:比较简单,代码少。
    2)绑定得缺点:DataGridView中的数据受数据源的影响(主键约束、值类型约束)。不一至时会激发DataError事件,输入的内容无法保存到单元格中和数据源中。特殊的验证(比如长度、格式等)还是需要另外写代码实现。
    关于增加行的问题。增加新行时多主键的验证有问题,而且验证不通过时会将新行全部删除。限制很多,很不方便。
    3)非绑定的优势:验证等处理比较灵活。不受数据源的约束。
    4)非绑定得缺点:显示和向数据库更新数据时需要比较多的代码实现,效率比较低。
    5)总的感觉在处理验证比较麻烦的场合,我还是比较喜欢非绑定的方式。如果数据量大,验证比较简单的场合使用绑定模式比较好。


    二、DataGridView重绘代码

    1、CellFormatting事件,一般重绘单元格属性。

       private Bitmap highPriImage;
        private Bitmap mediumPriImage;
        private Bitmap lowPriImage;
    private void dataGridView1_CellFormatting(object sender,
            System.Windows.Forms.DataGridViewCellFormattingEventArgs e)
        {
            // Set the background to red for negative values in the Balance column.
            if (dataGridView1.Columns[e.ColumnIndex].Name.Equals("Balance"))
            {
                Int32 intValue;
                if (Int32.TryParse((String)e.Value, out intValue) &&
                    (intValue < 0))
                {
                    e.CellStyle.BackColor = Color.Red;
                    e.CellStyle.SelectionBackColor = Color.DarkRed;
                }
            }

            // Replace string values in the Priority column with images.
            if (dataGridView1.Columns[e.ColumnIndex].Name.Equals("Priority"))
            {
                // Ensure that the value is a string.
                String stringValue = e.Value as string;
                if (stringValue == null) return;

                // Set the cell ToolTip to the text value.
                DataGridViewCell cell = dataGridView1[e.ColumnIndex, e.RowIndex];
                cell.ToolTipText = stringValue;

                // Replace the string value with the image value.
                switch (stringValue)
                {
                    case "high":
                        e.Value = highPriImage;
                        break;
                    case "medium":
                        e.Value = mediumPriImage;
                        break;
                    case "low":
                        e.Value = lowPriImage;
                        break;
                }
            }
        }
    2、CellPainting事件,一般用于合并单元格用
    Windows Forms DataGridView 没有提供合并单元格的功能,要实现合并单元格的功能就要在CellPainting事件中使用Graphics.DrawLine和 Graphics.DrawString 自己来“画”。
    下面的代码可以对DataGridView第1列内容相同的单元格进行合并:

    #region"合并单元格的测试"
    private int? nextrow = null;
    private int? nextcol = null;
    private void dataGridView1_CellFormatting(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.DataGridViewCellFormattingEventArgs e)
    {
        if (this.dataGridView1.Columns["description"].Index == e.ColumnIndex && e.RowIndex >= 0)
        {
            if (this.nextcol != null & e.ColumnIndex == this.nextcol)
            {
                e.CellStyle.BackColor = Color.LightBlue;
                this.nextcol = null;
            }
            if (this.nextrow != null & e.RowIndex == nextrow)
            {
                e.CellStyle.BackColor = Color.LightPink;
                this.nextrow = null;
            }
            if (e.RowIndex != this.dataGridView1.RowCount - 1)
            {
                if (e.Value.ToString() == this.dataGridView1.Rows[e.RowIndex + 1].Cells[e.ColumnIndex].Value.ToString())
                {
                    e.CellStyle.BackColor = Color.LightPink;
                    nextrow = e.RowIndex + 1;
                }
            }
        }
        if (this.dataGridView1.Columns["name"].Index == e.ColumnIndex && e.RowIndex >= 0)
        {
            if (e.Value.ToString() == this.dataGridView1.Rows[e.RowIndex].Cells[e.ColumnIndex + 1].Value.ToString())
            {
                e.CellStyle.BackColor = Color.LightBlue;
                nextcol = e.ColumnIndex + 1;
            }
        }
    }
    //==========================
           
    //绘制单元格
    private void dataGridView1_CellPainting(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.DataGridViewCellPaintingEventArgs e)
    {

        //纵向合并
        if (this.dataGridView1.Columns["description"].Index == e.ColumnIndex && e.RowIndex >= 0)
        {

            using (
                Brush gridBrush = new SolidBrush(this.dataGridView1.GridColor),
                backColorBrush = new SolidBrush(e.CellStyle.BackColor))
            {
                using (Pen gridLinePen = new Pen(gridBrush))
                {
                    // 擦除原单元格背景
                    e.Graphics.FillRectangle(backColorBrush, e.CellBounds);
                    ////绘制线条,这些线条是单元格相互间隔的区分线条,
                    ////因为我们只对列name做处理,所以datagridview自己会处理左侧和上边缘的线条
                    if (e.RowIndex != this.dataGridView1.RowCount - 1)
                    {
                        if (e.Value.ToString() != this.dataGridView1.Rows[e.RowIndex + 1].Cells[e.ColumnIndex].Value.ToString())
                        {

                            e.Graphics.DrawLine(gridLinePen, e.CellBounds.Left, e.CellBounds.Bottom - 1,
                            e.CellBounds.Right - 1, e.CellBounds.Bottom - 1);//下边缘的线
                            //绘制值
                            if (e.Value != null)
                            {
                                e.Graphics.DrawString((String)e.Value, e.CellStyle.Font,
                                    Brushes.Crimson, e.CellBounds.X + 2,
                                    e.CellBounds.Y + 2, StringFormat.GenericDefault);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        e.Graphics.DrawLine(gridLinePen, e.CellBounds.Left, e.CellBounds.Bottom - 1,
                            e.CellBounds.Right - 1, e.CellBounds.Bottom - 1);//下边缘的线
                        //绘制值
                        if (e.Value != null)
                        {
                            e.Graphics.DrawString((String)e.Value, e.CellStyle.Font,
                                Brushes.Crimson, e.CellBounds.X + 2,
                                e.CellBounds.Y + 2, StringFormat.GenericDefault);
                        }
                    }
                    //右侧的线
                    e.Graphics.DrawLine(gridLinePen, e.CellBounds.Right - 1,
                        e.CellBounds.Top, e.CellBounds.Right - 1,
                        e.CellBounds.Bottom - 1);

                    e.Handled = true;
                }
            }
        }

        //横向合并
        if (this.dataGridView1.Columns["name"].Index == e.ColumnIndex && e.RowIndex >= 0)
        {

            using (
                Brush gridBrush = new SolidBrush(this.dataGridView1.GridColor),
                backColorBrush = new SolidBrush(e.CellStyle.BackColor))
            {
                using (Pen gridLinePen = new Pen(gridBrush))
                {
                    // 擦除原单元格背景
                    e.Graphics.FillRectangle(backColorBrush, e.CellBounds);

                    if (e.Value.ToString() != this.dataGridView1.Rows[e.RowIndex].Cells[e.ColumnIndex + 1].Value.ToString())
                    {

                        //右侧的线
                        e.Graphics.DrawLine(gridLinePen, e.CellBounds.Right - 1, e.CellBounds.Top,
                            e.CellBounds.Right - 1, e.CellBounds.Bottom - 1);
                        //绘制值
                        if (e.Value != null)
                        {
                            e.Graphics.DrawString((String)e.Value, e.CellStyle.Font,
                                Brushes.Crimson, e.CellBounds.X + 2,
                                e.CellBounds.Y + 2, StringFormat.GenericDefault);
                        }
                    }

                    //下边缘的线
                    e.Graphics.DrawLine(gridLinePen, e.CellBounds.Left, e.CellBounds.Bottom - 1,
                                                e.CellBounds.Right - 1, e.CellBounds.Bottom - 1);
                    e.Handled = true;
                }
            }

        }

    }

    #endregion
    三、在GridView中如何格式化Money型字段(downmoon)?

            <asp:GridView ID="GridView1" runat="server" AutoGenerateColumns="False" DataKeyNames="PKID"
                DataMember="DefaultView" DataSourceID="SqlDataSource1">
                <Columns>
                    <asp:BoundField DataField="PKID" HeaderText="PKID" InsertVisible="False" ReadOnly="True"
                        SortExpression="PKID" />
                    
                    <asp:TemplateField>
                            <HeaderTemplate>
                               amount</HeaderTemplate>
                            <ItemTemplate>
                                <asp:Label ID="txtMoney" Text='<%# Decimal.Parse(DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem,"amount").ToString())%>' runat="server" />
                            </ItemTemplate>
                        </asp:TemplateField>
                    <asp:BoundField DataField="TestID" HeaderText="TestID" SortExpression="TestID" />
                    <asp:BoundField DataField="testString" HeaderText="testString" SortExpression="testString" />
                </Columns>
            </asp:GridView>
    这段代码中,
    amount为Money型字段,无论如何只能显示成
    1234.5600
    而不能显示成
    1,234.56

    <asp:BoundField DataField="amount" HeaderText="amount" DataFormatString="{0:n2}" />
                       <asp:BoundField DataField="amount" HeaderText="amount" DataFormatString="{0:c2}" />
    也不行!
    后来在MSDN上找到了答案

    <asp:BoundField DataField="amount" HeaderText="amount" DataFormatString="{0:#,###.00}" HtmlEncode="False" />
    关键在于HtmlEncode="False"

    http://blogs.msdn.com/danielfe/archive/2006/02/08/527628.aspx

    (源文:http://blog.csdn.net/downmoon/archive/2007/11/01/1860611.aspx

    四、DataGridView合并单元格 编辑单元格

    同事的一个项目需要将DataGridView单元格中的内容分不同颜色显示,想了想只有重绘了。
    这种方法还可以用做合并单元格。

    参考代码:

    private void dataGridView1_CellPainting(object sender, DataGridViewCellPaintingEventArgs e)
            {
                if (e.RowIndex == 0 && e.ColumnIndex >= 0)
                {
                    int left = e.CellBounds.Left;
                    int top = e.CellBounds.Top;
                    int right = e.CellBounds.Right;
                    int bottom = e.CellBounds.Bottom;
                    e.Graphics.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(Color.White), e.CellBounds);
                    e.Handled = true;
                    Brush gridBrush = new SolidBrush(this.dataGridView1.GridColor);
                    Pen gridLinePen = new Pen(gridBrush);
                    e.Graphics.DrawLine(gridLinePen, right - 1,
                               top, right - 1,
                               bottom - 1);
                    e.Graphics.DrawLine(gridLinePen, left,
                               bottom - 1, right,
                               bottom - 1);

                    Brush b1 = new SolidBrush(Color.Black);
                    e.Graphics.DrawString((String)e.Value, e.CellStyle.Font,
                                            b1, left + 2,
                                            top + 1, StringFormat.GenericDefault);

                    Brush b2 = new SolidBrush(Color.Red);
                    e.Graphics.DrawString((String)e.Value, e.CellStyle.Font,
                                            b2, left + 2,
                                            top + 10, StringFormat.GenericDefault);
                }

                DataGridViewSelectedCellCollection dgvscc = this.dataGridView1.SelectedCells;
                foreach (DataGridViewCell dgvc in dgvscc)
                {
                        if (e.RowIndex == 0
                            && e.RowIndex == dgvc.RowIndex
                            && e.ColumnIndex == dgvc.ColumnIndex)
                        {
                            int left = e.CellBounds.Left;
                            int top = e.CellBounds.Top;
                            int right = e.CellBounds.Right;
                            int bottom = e.CellBounds.Bottom;
                            // 绘制背景,覆盖单元格区域
                            e.Graphics.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(Color.FromArgb(10,36,106)), e.CellBounds);
                            
                            // 绘制边框
                            Brush gridBrush = new SolidBrush(this.dataGridView1.GridColor);
                            Pen gridLinePen = new Pen(gridBrush);
                            e.Graphics.DrawLine(gridLinePen, right - 1,
                                       top, right - 1,
                                       bottom - 1);
                            e.Graphics.DrawLine(gridLinePen, left,
                                       bottom - 1, right,
                                       bottom - 1);

                            // 绘制文字
                            Brush b1 = new SolidBrush(Color.White);
                            e.Graphics.DrawString((String)e.Value, e.CellStyle.Font,
                                                    b1, left + 2,
                                                    top + 1, StringFormat.GenericDefault);

                            Brush b2 = new SolidBrush(Color.White);
                            e.Graphics.DrawString((String)e.Value, e.CellStyle.Font,
                                                    b2, left + 2,
                                                    top + 10, StringFormat.GenericDefault);
                        }
                }

                e.Handled = true;            

            }
    感谢各位作者。


    作者:Neo.Yan
    出处:http://www.cnblogs.com/Nick4/
    本文版权归作者和博客园共有,欢迎转载,但未经作者同意必须保留此段声明,且在文章页面明显位置给出原文连接,否则保留追究法律责任的权利。
    欢迎大家访问我的网站-RedGlove.NET

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/nick4/p/1436480.html
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