【C语言】练习2-1

•  题目来源：《The C programming language》中的习题P27
•  练习2-1： 编写一个程序以确定分别由signed及unsigned限定的char、short、int与long类型变量的取值范围。采用打印标准头文件中的相应值以及直接计算两种方式实现。后一种方法的实现较困难一些，因为要确定各种浮点类型的取值范围。

　　采用打印标准头文件中的相应值：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <limits.h>

int main()
{
    printf("采用打印标准头文件limits.h中的相应值：
");
    //signed types
    printf("signed char min = %d
", SCHAR_MIN);
    printf("signed char max = %d
", SCHAR_MAX);
    printf("signed short min = %d
", SHRT_MIN);
    printf("signed short max = %d
", SHRT_MAX);
    printf("signed int min = %d
", INT_MIN);
    printf("signed int max = %d
", INT_MAX);
    printf("signed long min = %ld
", LONG_MIN);
    printf("signed long max = %ld
", LONG_MAX);
    //unsigned types
    printf("unsigned char max = %u
", UCHAR_MAX);
    printf("unsigned short max = %u
", USHRT_MAX);
    printf("unsigned int max = %u
", UINT_MAX);
    printf("unsigned long max = %lu
", ULONG_MAX);
    return 0;
}

　　执行结果：

　　直接计算的方式：

#include <stdio.h>
//determine ranges of types
int main()
{
printf("采用直接计算的方式：
");
//signed types
printf("signed char min = %d
", -(char)((unsigned char)~0>>1)-1);
printf("signed char max = %d
", (char)((unsigned char)~0>>1));
printf("signed short min = %d
", -(short)((unsigned short)~0>>1)-1);
printf("signed short max = %d
", (short)((unsigned short)~0>>1));
printf("signed int min = %d
", -(int)((unsigned int)~0>>1)-1);
printf("signed int max = %d
", (int)((unsigned int)~0>>1));
printf("signed long min = %ld
", -(long)((unsigned long)~0>>1)-1);
printf("signed long max = %ld
", (long)((unsigned long)~0>>1));
//unsigned types
printf("unsigned char max = %u
", (unsigned char)~0);
printf("unsigned short max = %u
", (unsigned short)~0);
printf("unsigned int max = %u
", (unsigned int)~0);
printf("unsigned long max = %lu
", (unsigned long)~0);
return 0;
}

　　执行结果：

　　备注：

• <limits.h>包含了定义char int short long类型取值的最大值和最小值用常量表示（例如SCHAR_MIN = -128）， 所以直接打印即可。
• 如果直接计算的话，则需要用到按位运算符~和右移运算符>>，对于-(char)((unsigned char)~0 >> 1)解释：

　　　　a： (unsigned char)~0用二进制表示为：11111111

           b： (unsigned char)~0 >> 1，将(unsigned char)~0逻辑右移1位，结果为：01111111

           c： (char)((unsigned char)~0 >> 1)，将((unsigned char)~0 >> 1)由无符号类型强制转换为有符号类型

           d： -(char)((unsigned char)~0 >> 1)，得到的二进制结果为11111111，最高位为符号为，对应的十进制数为：-127

• 因为绝大部分机器采用补码方式表示有符号整数，所以需要在-(char)((unsigned char)~0 >> 1)的基础上再减去1，才是真正的最小值。

　　参考资料：

　　[1] http://www.cnblogs.com/wangzhiyu811/archive/2011/07/12/2104377.html

　　[2] http://blog.csdn.net/roma823/article/details/6367142