rabbitmq：centos7安装与python调用

1.centos安装rabbitmq

官网下载或者yum list |grep rabbitmq搜索安装，官网是最新的版本

wget http://www.rabbitmq.com/releases/rabbitmq-server/v3.6.14/rabbitmq-server-3.6.14-1.el7.noarch.rpm 

[root@greg02 src]#yum list |grep rabbitmq
librabbitmq.x86_64                      0.5.2-1.el7                    epel     
librabbitmq-devel.x86_64                0.5.2-1.el7                    epel     
librabbitmq-tools.x86_64                0.5.2-1.el7                    epel     
opensips-event_rabbitmq.x86_64          1.10.5-3.el7                   epel     
rabbitmq-java-client.noarch             3.6.0-1.el7                    epel     
rabbitmq-java-client-doc.noarch         3.6.0-1.el7                    epel     
rabbitmq-java-client-javadoc.noarch     3.6.0-1.el7                    epel     
rabbitmq-server.noarch                  3.3.5-34.el7                   epel     
[root@greg02 src]#rz

[root@greg02 src]#yum install -y rabbitmq-server-3.6.14-1.el7.noarch.rpm

2.Windows安装rabbitmq

pip install pika
or
easy_install pika

3.centos启动rabbitmq

[root@greg02 src]#service rabbitmq-server start
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start  rabbitmq-server.service
[root@greg02 src]#netstat -lntp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name    
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1188/nginx: master  
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:4369            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      2801/epmd           
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1140/sshd           
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      2205/master         
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:25672           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      2660/beam.smp       
tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN      2163/mysqld         
tcp6       0      0 :::4369                 :::*                    LISTEN      2801/epmd           
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      1140/sshd           
tcp6       0      0 ::1:25                  :::*                    LISTEN      2205/master         
tcp6       0      0 :::5672                 :::*                    LISTEN      2660/beam.smp 

查看log

[root@greg02 src]#service rabbitmq-server status
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status  rabbitmq-server.service
Nov 16 19:16:51 greg02 rabbitmq-server[2660]: ##########  Logs: /var/log/rabbitmq/rabbit@greg02.log
Nov 16 19:16:51 greg02 rabbitmq-server[2660]: ######  ##        /var/log/rabbitmq/rabbit@greg02-sasl.log

切换到log目录cd /var/log/rabbitmq/

[root@greg02 rabbitmq]#ls
rabbit@greg02.log  rabbit@greg02-sasl.log
[root@greg02 rabbitmq]#cat rabbit@greg02.log 

=INFO REPORT==== 16-Nov-2017::19:16:51 ===
Starting RabbitMQ 3.6.14 on Erlang R16B03-1
Copyright (C) 2007-2017 Pivotal Software, Inc.
Licensed under the MPL.  See http://www.rabbitmq.com/

=INFO REPORT==== 16-Nov-2017::19:16:51 ===
node           : rabbit@greg02
home dir       : /var/lib/rabbitmq
config file(s) : /etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.config (not found)
cookie hash    : 6QLUzrnBCl9yXMJXg59m+Q==
log            : /var/log/rabbitmq/rabbit@greg02.log
sasl log       : /var/log/rabbitmq/rabbit@greg02-sasl.log
database dir   : /var/lib/rabbitmq/mnesia/rabbit@greg02

显示的是没有找到配置文件，我们可以自己创建这个文件

cd /etc/rabbitmq/
vi rabbitmq.config

编辑内容如下：

[{rabbit, [{loopback_users, []}]}].

rabbitmq默认创建的用户guest，密码也是guest，这个用户默认只能是本机访问，localhost或者127.0.0.1，从外部访问需要添加上面的配置。

保存配置后重启服务：

service rabbitmq-server stop
service rabbitmq-server start

4.创建用户角色

[root@greg02 rabbitmq]#rabbitmqctl add_user greg greg123
Creating user "greg"
[root@greg02 rabbitmq]#rabbitmqctl set_user_tags greg administrator
Setting tags for user "greg" to [administrator]
[root@greg02 rabbitmq]#rabbitmqctl set_permissions -p / greg ".*" ".*" ".*"
Setting permissions for user "greg" in vhost "/"

队列通信：

send端

#!/usr/bin/env python
import pika
 
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
               'localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
 
#声明queue
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')
 
#n RabbitMQ a message can never be sent directly to the queue, it always needs to go through an exchange.
channel.basic_publish(exchange='',
                      routing_key='hello',
                      body='Hello World!')
print(" [x] Sent 'Hello World!'")
connection.close()

receive端

#_*_coding:utf-8_*_
import pika
 
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
               'localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
 
 
#You may ask why we declare the queue again ‒ we have already declared it in our previous code.
# We could avoid that if we were sure that the queue already exists. For example if send.py program
#was run before. But we're not yet sure which program to run first. In such cases it's a good
# practice to repeat declaring the queue in both programs.
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')
 
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(" [x] Received %r" % body)
 
channel.basic_consume(callback,
                      queue='hello',
                      no_ack=True)
 
print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
channel.start_consuming()

work queues

在这种模式下，RabbitMQ会默认把p发的消息依次分发给各个消费者(c),跟负载均衡差不多

send端

import pika
import time
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
    'localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
 
# 声明queue
channel.queue_declare(queue='task_queue')
 
# n RabbitMQ a message can never be sent directly to the queue, it always needs to go through an exchange.
import sys
 
message = ' '.join(sys.argv[1:]) or "Hello World! %s" % time.time()
channel.basic_publish(exchange='',
                      routing_key='task_queue',
                      body=message,
                      properties=pika.BasicProperties(
                          delivery_mode=2,  # make message persistent
                      )
                      )
print(" [x] Sent %r" % message)
connection.close()

receive端

import pika, time
 
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
    'localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
 
 
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(" [x] Received %r" % body)
    time.sleep(20)
    print(" [x] Done")
    print("method.delivery_tag",method.delivery_tag)
    ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag)
 
 
channel.basic_consume(callback,
                      queue='task_queue',
                      no_ack=True
                      )
 
print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
channel.start_consuming()

此时，先启动消息生产者，然后再分别启动3个消费者，通过生产者多发送几条消息，你会发现，这几条消息会被依次分配到各个消费者身上

#no_ack 默认false，即使在处理消息的时候使用CTRL + C来杀死一个工作者，也不会丢失任何东西。 工人死后不久，所有未确认的消息将被重新发送

公平分发

如果Rabbit只管按顺序把消息发到各个消费者身上，不考虑消费者负载的话，很可能出现，一个机器配置不高的消费者那里堆积了很多消息处理不完，同时配置高的消费者却一直很轻松。为解决此问题，可以在各个消费者端，配置perfetch=1,意思就是告诉RabbitMQ在我这个消费者当前消息还没处理完的时候就不要再给我发新消息了。

channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1)

sender

#!/usr/bin/env python
import pika
import sys
 
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
        host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
 
channel.queue_declare(queue='task_queue', durable=True)
 
message = ' '.join(sys.argv[1:]) or "Hello World!"
channel.basic_publish(exchange='',
                      routing_key='task_queue',
                      body=message,
                      properties=pika.BasicProperties(
                         delivery_mode = 2, # make message persistent
                      ))
print(" [x] Sent %r" % message)
connection.close()

receive

#!/usr/bin/env python
import pika
import time
 
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
        host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
 
channel.queue_declare(queue='task_queue', durable=True)
print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
 
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(" [x] Received %r" % body)
    time.sleep(body.count(b'.'))
    print(" [x] Done")
    ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag)
 
channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1)
channel.basic_consume(callback,
                      queue='task_queue')
 
channel.start_consuming()

订阅发布

之前的例子都基本都是1对1的消息发送和接收，即消息只能发送到指定的queue里，但有些时候你想让你的消息被所有的Queue收到，类似广播的效果，这时候就要用到exchange了

交换是一件非常简单的事情。 一方面它接收来自生产者的消息，另一方则推动他们排队。 交易所必须知道如何处理收到的消息。 是否应该附加到特定的队列？ 它应该附加到许多队列？ 还是应该丢弃。 这些规则是由交换类型定义的。

fanout: 所有bind到此exchange的queue都可以接收消息
direct: 通过routingKey和exchange决定的那个唯一的queue可以接收消息
topic:所有符合routingKey(此时可以是一个表达式)的routingKey所bind的queue可以接收消息

　　 表达式符号说明：#代表一个或多个字符，*代表任何字符
      例：#.a会匹配a.a，aa.a，aaa.a等
          *.a会匹配a.a，b.a，c.a等
     注：使用RoutingKey为#，Exchange Type为topic的时候相当于使用fanout　

headers: 通过headers 来决定把消息发给哪些queue

sender

import pika
import sys

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
        host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs',exchange_type='fanout')

message = ' '.join(sys.argv[1:]) or "info: Hello World!"
channel.basic_publish(exchange='logs',
                      routing_key='',
                      body=message)
print(" [x] Sent %r" % message)
connection.close()

receive

#_*_coding:utf-8_*_
import pika

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
        host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs',
                        exchange_type='fanout')

result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True) #不指定queue名字,rabbit会随机分配一个名字,exclusive=True会在使用此queue的消费者断开
后,自动将queue删除
queue_name = result.method.queue

channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs',
                   queue=queue_name)

print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(" [x] %r" % body)

channel.basic_consume(callback,
                      queue=queue_name,
                      no_ack=True)

channel.start_consuming()

有选择的接收消息(exchange type=direct)　

RabbitMQ还支持根据关键字发送，即：队列绑定关键字，发送者将数据根据关键字发送到消息exchange，exchange根据 关键字 判定应该将数据发送至指定队列。

sender

import pika
import sys
 
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
        host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
 
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs',
                         type='direct')
 
severity = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else 'info'
message = ' '.join(sys.argv[2:]) or 'Hello World!'
channel.basic_publish(exchange='direct_logs',
                      routing_key=severity,
                      body=message)
print(" [x] Sent %r:%r" % (severity, message))
connection.close()

receive

import pika
import sys
 
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
        host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
 
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs',
                         type='direct')
 
result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
queue_name = result.method.queue
 
severities = sys.argv[1:]
if not severities:
    sys.stderr.write("Usage: %s [info] [warning] [error]
" % sys.argv[0])
    sys.exit(1)
 
for severity in severities:
    channel.queue_bind(exchange='direct_logs',
                       queue=queue_name,
                       routing_key=severity)
 
print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')
 
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body))
 
channel.basic_consume(callback,
                      queue=queue_name,
                      no_ack=True)
 
channel.start_consuming()

更细致的消息过滤

尽管使用直接交换改进了我们的系统，但它仍然有局限性 - 它不能根据多个标准进行路由选择。

在我们的日志系统中，我们可能不仅要根据严重性来订阅日志，还要根据发出日志的来源进行订阅。 你可能从syslog unix工具知道这个概念，它根据严重性（info / warn / crit ...）和facility（auth / cron / kern ...）来路由日志。

这会给我们很大的灵活性 - 我们可能想要听取来自'cron'的严重错误，而且还要听取来自'kern'的所有日志。

sender

import pika
import sys
 
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
        host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
 
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs',
                         exchange_type='topic')
 
routing_key = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else 'anonymous.info'
message = ' '.join(sys.argv[2:]) or 'Hello World!'
channel.basic_publish(exchange='topic_logs',
                      routing_key=routing_key,
                      body=message)
print(" [x] Sent %r:%r" % (routing_key, message))
connection.close()

receive

import pika
import sys
 
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
        host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
 
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs',
                         exchange_type='topic')
 
result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
queue_name = result.method.queue
 
binding_keys = sys.argv[1:]
if not binding_keys:
    sys.stderr.write("Usage: %s [binding_key]...
" % sys.argv[0])
    sys.exit(1)
 
for binding_key in binding_keys:
    channel.queue_bind(exchange='topic_logs',
                       queue=queue_name,
                       routing_key=binding_key)
 
print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')
 
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body))
 
channel.basic_consume(callback,
                      queue=queue_name,
                      no_ack=True)
 
channel.start_consuming()

远程过程调用（RPC）Remote procedure call

为了说明如何使用RPC服务，我们将创建一个简单的客户端类。 它将公开一个名为call的方法，它发送一个RPC请求并阻塞，直到收到答案：

fibonacci_rpc = FibonacciRpcClient()
result = fibonacci_rpc.call(4)
print("fib(4) is %r" % result)

send-client客户端

import pika
import uuid
class FibonacciRpcClient(object):
    def __init__(self):
        credentials = pika.PlainCredentials('greg', 'greg123')
        self.connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
            '192.168.179.130', credentials=credentials))
        channel = self.connection.channel()
        self.channel = self.connection.channel()

        result = self.channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
        self.callback_queue = result.method.queue

        self.channel.basic_consume(self.on_response, no_ack=True,#准备接受命令结果
                                   queue=self.callback_queue)


    def on_response(self, ch, method, props, body):
        """"callback方法"""
        if self.corr_id == props.correlation_id:
            self.response = body

    def call(self, n):
        self.response = None
        self.corr_id = str(uuid.uuid4()) #唯一标识符
        self.channel.basic_publish(exchange='',
                                   routing_key='rpc_queue',
                                   properties=pika.BasicProperties(
                                       reply_to=self.callback_queue,
                                       correlation_id=self.corr_id,
                                   ),
                                   body=str(n))

        count  = 0
        while self.response is None:
            self.connection.process_data_events() #检查队列里有没有新消息,但不会阻塞
            count +=1
            print("check...",count)
        return int(self.response)

fibonacci_rpc = FibonacciRpcClient()
print(" [x] Requesting fib(30)")
response = fibonacci_rpc.call(5)
print(" [.] Got %r" % response)

receive接收端

import pika
import time

credentials = pika.PlainCredentials('greg', 'greg123')
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
    '192.168.179.130',credentials=credentials))

channel = connection.channel()
channel.queue_declare(queue='rpc_queue')

def fib(n):
    if n == 0:
        return 0
    elif n == 1:
        return 1
    else:
        return fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2)


def on_request(ch, method, props, body):
    n = int(body)

    print(" [.] fib(%s)" % n)
    response = fib(n)

    ch.basic_publish(exchange='',
                     routing_key=props.reply_to,
                     properties=pika.BasicProperties(correlation_id= 
                                                         props.correlation_id),
                     body=str(response))
    ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag)


channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1)
channel.basic_consume(on_request, queue='rpc_queue')

print(" [x] Awaiting RPC requests")
channel.start_consuming()

 当然也可以用cmd，得到cmd命令结果

ssh_rpc = SSHRpcClient()

print(" [x] sending cmd")
response = ssh_rpc.call("ifconfig")

print(" [.] Got result ")
print(response.decode("gbk"))