一、Reading
Tom's father died of lung cancer. He couldn't stop smoking. He tried quitting several times. However, whenever he saw someone smoking, he couldn't resist lighting up. In the end, he gave up trying. It was no use stopping one day and starting again the next. He enjoyed smoking too much. He certainly paid a heavy price, though.
二、解析
■ Tom's father died of lung cancer.
- 时态：一般过去时
- 主：Tom's father
- 谓：died of
- 宾：lung cancer.
die：vi.死亡
die of：因...而死去
lung cancer: n.肺癌
■ He couldn't stop smoking.
- 时态：一般过去时
- 主：He
- 谓：couldn't stop
- 宾：smoking
stop smoking = quit smoking = give up smoking：戒烟
stop + 动名词：停止从事... ，此处stop是及物动词。
stop to + 动词原形：停下来开始...，此处stop是不及物动词。
■ He tried quitting several times.
- 时态：一般过去时
- 主：He
- 谓：tried
- 宾：quitting
- 状：several times.
try：尝试...
try + 名词/动名词：尝试/试试...
try to + 动词原型：设法要...
quite：vi. & vt. 停止。三态均为 quite.
■ However, whenever he saw someone smoking, he couldn't resist lighting up.
- 状：However
- 让步状从：whenever he saw someone smoking
- 时态：一般过去时
- 引导词：whenever
- 主：he
- 谓：saw
- 宾：someone
- 宾补：smoking
- 时态：一般过去时
- 主：he
- 谓：couldn't resist
- 宾：lighting up.
whenever：conj.无论何时，每当
light up：点火（不及物动词短语）
■ In the end, he gave up trying.
- 时态：一般过去时
- 主：he
- 谓：gave up
- 宾：trying.
give up...: 放弃...
■ It was no use stopping one day and starting again the next.
- 时态：一般过去时
- 形主：It
- 系：was
- 表：no use
- 主：stopping one day and starting again the next.
- 主1：stopping
- 时状：one day
- 并连：and
- 主2：starting
- 频状：again
- 时状：the next
It is no use + 动名词: ...是没有用的。
the next：是 the next day 的省略。
■ He enjoyed smoking too much.
- 时态：一般过去时
- 主：He
- 谓：enjoyed
- 宾：smoking
- 状：too much.
too much: 副词，修饰 enjoy。
重点: enjoy 用作喜欢时，用动名词作宾语。
■ He certainly paid a heavy price, though.
- 时态：一般过去时
- 主：He
- 状：certainly
- 谓：paid
- 定：a heavy
- 宾：price,
- 状：though.
三、语法
3.1 让步状语从句
所谓“让步状语从句”，实际是，在主、从句之间多少存在着某种“转折关系”，意为“无论；不管”。考虑到结构的统一性，术语的一致性，建议把所有wh-word + ever 引导的从句，一律划分为“让步状语从句”。例如：whatever, whoever, whomever, whosever, however, whichever, whenever, wherever 等等。不再把 whenever 和 wherever 分离出“时间状语从句”或“地点状语从句”另外的两种从句了。
e.g.:
He was out whenever I came to see him.
每当我来看他时，他都不在。
无论何时我来看他，他都不在。
Come to see me whenever it is convenient to you.
每当你方便的时候，请来找我。
无论你何时方便，请来找我。
3.2 少数及物动词之后须接动名词作宾语
3.2.1 下列及物动词均须用动名词作宾语
enjoy 喜欢
practice 练习
resent 憎恨
mind 介意
resist 抗拒
finish 完成
deny 否认
admit 承认
e.g.：
I enjoy to sing.（×）
I enjoy singing. （O）
（我喜欢唱歌。）
He admitted to steal my money. （x）
He admitted stealing my money. （o）
（他承认偷了我的钱。）
She practices to play the piano two hours a day.（×）
She practices playing the piano two hours a day（o）
她每天都花两个小时练习弹钢琴。
3.2.2 有些及物动词可使用动词不定式或动名词作其宾语
如 like（喜欢）、love（喜爱）、hate（痛恨）等，可使用动词不定式或动名词作其宾语：
I like（或 love）to work with him.
=I like（或 love）working with him.
（我喜欢跟他共事。）
I hate to tell lies.
= I hate telling lies.
（我痛恨说谎。）