一、Reading
David Livingstone was a doctor and explorer from Scotland. He is famous for traveling 29,000 miles in Africa during the 19th century. He discovered many rivers, lakes and mountains, including the Victoria Falls, the biggest waterfall in the world. Most of all, he is highly respected because he helped to abolish slave trade in Africa.
二、解析
■ David Livingstone was a doctor and explorer from Scotland.
- 主：David Livingstone
- 系：was
- 表：a doctor and explorer
- 地状：from Scotland.
■ He is famous for traveling 29,000 miles in Africa during the 19th century.
- 主：He
- 系：is
- 表：famous
- 方状：for traveling 29,000 miles
- 地状：in Africa
- 时状：during the 19th century.
be famous for...：以...而出名
■ He discovered many rivers, lakes and mountains, including the Victoria Falls, the biggest waterfall in the world.
- 时态：一般过去时
- 主：He
- 谓：discovered
- 宾：many rivers, lakes and mountains，
- including the Victoria Falls,
- 介：including
- 宾：the Victoria Falls,
- 同：（which is）the biggest waterfall in the world.（是前句 the Victoria Falls 的同位语）
falls：n.瀑布，是一个专有名词，通常用复数形态。
waterfall：n.瀑布，单数
■ Most of all, he is highly respected because he helped to abolish slave trade in Africa.
- 状：Most of all,
- 主：he
- 系：is
- 状：highly
- 表：respected
- 原因状从：because he helped to abolish slave trade in Africa.（to 可省略）
- 引导词：because
- 主：he
- 谓：helped
- 宾：to abolish slave trade in Africa.（不定式）
- 虚词：to
- 谓：abolish
- 宾：slave trade
- 定：in Africa.
most of all：更重要的是，尤其是
be highly respected：很爱尊敬
slave trade：奴隶买卖/交易
三、语法
（1）可作介词的现在分词,如：including、regarding、concerning。
（2）名词同位语的用法，及由来。
以上语法详见教材讲解。