AOP(Aspect Oriented Programming),即面向切面编程
AOP技术,它利用一种称为"横切"的技术,剖解开封装的对象内部,并将那些影响了多个类的公共行为封装到一个可重用模块,并将其命名为"Aspect",即切面。所谓"切面",简单说就是那些与业务无关,却为业务模块所共同调用的逻辑或责任封装起来,便于减少系统的重复代码,降低模块之间的耦合度,并有利于未来的可操作性和可维护性。例如:日志,事务,
使用"横切"技术,AOP把软件系统分为两个部分:核心关注点和横切关注点。业务处理的主要流程是核心关注点,与之关系不大的部分是横切关注点。横切关注点的一个特点是,他们经常发生在核心关注点的多处,而各处基本相似,比如权限认证、日志、事物。AOP的作用在于分离系统中的各种关注点,将核心关注点和横切关注点分离开来。
AOP核心概念
1、横切关注点
对哪些方法进行拦截,拦截后怎么处理,这些关注点称之为横切关注点
2、切面(aspect)
类是对物体特征的抽象,切面就是对横切关注点的抽象
3、连接点(joinpoint)
被拦截到的点,因为Spring只支持方法类型的连接点,所以在Spring中连接点指的就是被拦截到的方法,实际上连接点还可以是字段或者构造器
4、切入点(pointcut)
对连接点进行拦截的定义
5、通知(advice)
所谓通知指的就是指拦截到连接点之后要执行的代码,通知分为前置、后置、异常、最终、环绕通知五类
6、目标对象
代理的目标对象
7、织入(weave)
将切面应用到目标对象并导致代理对象创建的过程
8、引入(introduction)
在不修改代码的前提下,引入可以在运行期为类动态地添加一些方法或字段
Spring中AOP代理由Spring的IOC容器负责生成、管理,其依赖关系也由IOC容器负责管理。因此,AOP代理可以直接使用容器中的其它bean实例作为目标,这种关系可由IOC容器的依赖注入提供。
一,静态代理
package com.dkt.proxy; import java.util.List; import com.dkt.dao.IGoods; import com.dkt.dao.impl.Goodsdao; public class StatisProxy implements IGoods{ private Goodsdao goods; public StatisProxy(Goodsdao goods) { super(); this.goods = goods; } /* * 静态代理,直接实现和impl类实现相同的接口, * 实现方法,代码冗余 */ public boolean deleteUser(int id) { System.out.println("kaishi......"); goods.deleteUser(id); System.out.println("jiesu......."); return false; } public List queryUser() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return null; } }
二,jdk实现动态代理
package com.dkt.proxy;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
public class InvocationProxy implements InvocationHandler{
private Object obj;
public InvocationProxy(Object obj) {
super();
this.obj = obj;
}
/*
* 动态代理,实现任意的类和方法调用都会执行
*/
public static Object getInvocationProxy(Object realobj){
Class<?> classType = realobj.getClass();
return Proxy.newProxyInstance(classType.getClassLoader(),
classType.getInterfaces(), new InvocationProxy(realobj));
}
// invoke 自动调用方法
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args)
throws Throwable {
System.out.println("begin................");
Object result = method.invoke(obj, args);
System.out.println("end..........................");
return result;
}
}
测试类
package com.dkt.test; import com.dkt.dao.IGoods; import com.dkt.dao.IUser; import com.dkt.dao.impl.Goodsdao; import com.dkt.dao.impl.Userimpl; import com.dkt.proxy.InvocationProxy; import com.dkt.proxy.StatisProxy; public class TestProxy { public static void main(String[] args) { IUser user= (IUser)InvocationProxy.getInvocationProxy(new Userimpl()); user.saveUser(); user.queryList(); IGoods goods = (IGoods)InvocationProxy.getInvocationProxy(new Goodsdao()); goods.queryUser(); goods.deleteUser(2); // 静态代理测试 /* StatisProxy proxy = new StatisProxy(new Goodsdao()); proxy.deleteUser(3);*/ } }
三,spring 配置动态代理
1,代理工具类
package com.dkt.util; import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint; public class ProxyUtil { public void before(){ System.out.println("执行前-------->"); } public void after(){ System.out.println("执行后------>"); } public Object around(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) throws Throwable{ System.out.println("环绕开始-------"); Object proceed = joinPoint.proceed(); System.out.println("环绕结束--------------"); return proceed; } public void afterThrow(){ System.out.println("异常啦。。。。"); } }
2,applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd"> <!-- spring 管理hibernate --> <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"> </property> </bean> <bean id="other" class="com.dkt.util.ProxyUtil"/> <!-- 配置AOP --> <aop:config> <aop:pointcut expression="execution(* com.dkt.dao.IUser.*(..))" id="po"/> <aop:aspect id="aopOther" ref="other"> <aop:before method="before" pointcut-ref="po"/> <aop:after method="after" pointcut-ref="po"/> <aop:around method="around" pointcut-ref="po"/> <aop:after-throwing method="afterThrow" pointcut-ref="po"/> </aop:aspect> </aop:config> <bean name="userimpl" class="com.dkt.dao.impl.UserImpl" /> <bean id="trans" class="com.dkt.transaction.SessionManager"/> <aop:config> <aop:pointcut expression="execution(* com.dkt.dao.*.*(..))" id="pc"/> <aop:aspect id="aoptrans" ref="trans"> <aop:before method="beginSession" pointcut-ref="pc"/> <aop:after method="commitSession" pointcut-ref="pc"/> <aop:after-throwing method="rollbackSession" pointcut-ref="pc"/> </aop:aspect> </aop:config> <bean id="dept" class="com.dkt.dao.impl.DeptableDao"/> </beans>
3,UserImpl 类
package com.dkt.dao.impl; import java.util.List; import com.dkt.dao.IUser; import com.dkt.model.UserInfo; public class UserImpl implements IUser{ public void delete(int i) { System.out.println("删除----"+i); } public void query() { System.out.println("查询--------------"); // int i=10/0; } public void saveUser(UserInfo ui) { System.out.println("保存-----------"); } }
4,测试类
package com.dkt.test; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; import com.dkt.dao.IUser; public class TestAop { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml"); IUser user = (IUser)context.getBean("userimpl", IUser.class); // user.delete(3); user.query(); // user.saveUser(new UserInfo()); } }
5,使用动态代理 配置 事务
SessionManager 事务处理工具类
package com.dkt.transaction; import org.hibernate.classic.Session; import com.dkt.dao.impl.BaseDao; public class SessionManager { /* * 事务切面处理 */ public void beginSession(){ Session session = BaseDao.factory.getCurrentSession(); session.getTransaction().begin(); System.out.println("事务开启了。。。 "); } public void commitSession(){ Session session = BaseDao.factory.getCurrentSession(); session.getTransaction().commit(); System.out.println("事务提交。。。 "); } public void rollbackSession(){ Session session = BaseDao.factory.getCurrentSession(); session.getTransaction().rollback(); System.out.println("事务异常回滚了。。。 "); } }
BaseDao
package com.dkt.dao.impl; import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; import org.hibernate.Transaction; import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration; import org.hibernate.classic.Session; public class BaseDao { public static SessionFactory factory = null; static{ Configuration configure = new Configuration().configure(); factory = configure.buildSessionFactory(); } public boolean saveOld(Object dep){ Session session = factory.openSession(); Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction(); try { session.save(dep); transaction.commit(); return true; } catch (Exception e) { transaction.rollback(); e.printStackTrace(); }finally{ session.close(); } return false; } public boolean saveNew(Object dep){ Session session = factory.getCurrentSession(); session.save(dep); return true; } }
DeptableDao 部门Dao类
package com.dkt.dao.impl; import com.dkt.dao.IDeptableDao; import com.dkt.model.Deptable; public class DeptableDao extends BaseDao implements IDeptableDao { public boolean saveNewDeptable(Deptable dep) { return super.saveNew(dep); } public boolean saveOldDeptable(Deptable dep) { return super.saveOld(dep); } }
hibernate.cfg.xml
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd"> <!-- Generated by MyEclipse Hibernate Tools. --> <hibernate-configuration> <session-factory> <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property> <property name="dialect"> org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect </property> <property name="connection.url"> jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/marry?userUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8 </property> <property name="connection.username">root</property> <property name="connection.password">123456</property> <property name="connection.driver_class"> com.mysql.jdbc.Driver </property> <property name="myeclipse.connection.profile"> Mysqlmarrybase </property> <property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property> <property name="hibernate.format_sql">true</property> <!-- 配置factory.getCurrentSeesion()方式得到session --> <property name="current_session_context_class">thread</property> <mapping resource="com/dkt/model/Deptable.hbm.xml" /> </session-factory> </hibernate-configuration>
Deptable.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <!-- Mapping file autogenerated by MyEclipse Persistence Tools --> <hibernate-mapping> <class name="com.dkt.model.Deptable" table="deptable" catalog="marry"> <id name="depid" type="java.lang.Integer"> <column name="depid" /> <generator class="identity" /> </id> <property name="depname" type="java.lang.String"> <column name="depname" length="20" not-null="true" /> </property> </class> </hibernate-mapping>
测试事务
package com.dkt.test; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; import com.dkt.dao.IDeptableDao; import com.dkt.model.Deptable; public class TestTransacion { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml"); IDeptableDao deptableDao = (IDeptableDao)context.getBean("dept"); Deptable deptable = new Deptable("公安部"); // deptableDao.saveOldDeptable(deptable); deptableDao.saveNewDeptable(deptable); } }
拓展spring 系统自带的事务管理,传播特性和隔离级别
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd "> <!-- 管理hibernate, 创建sessionFactory对象 --> <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"></property> </bean> <!-- 引入系统的事务管理管理通知 name不可变--> <bean id="trans" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property> </bean> <!-- 配置事务的传播特性,隔离级别 --> <tx:advice id="tdAdvice" transaction-manager="trans"> <tx:attributes> <tx:method name="add*" propagation="REQUIRED" isolation="READ_COMMITTED"/> <tx:method name="delete*" propagation="REQUIRED" isolation="READ_COMMITTED"/> <tx:method name="query*" propagation="SUPPORTS" isolation="DEFAULT"/> <tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED" isolation="READ_COMMITTED"/> <tx:method name="page*" propagation="REQUIRED" isolation="READ_COMMITTED"/> </tx:attributes> </tx:advice> <!-- 配置AOP切面 --> <aop:config> <aop:pointcut expression="execution(* com.dkt.dao.*.*(..))" id="pc"/> <aop:advisor advice-ref="tdAdvice" pointcut-ref="pc"/> </aop:config> <!-- 配置dao实现类,类中由接口接受,name不可变 --> <bean id="userinfodao" class="com.dkt.dao.impl.UserinfoDaoImpl"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property> </bean> </beans>