Spring MVC的配置和使用
笔记仓库：https://github.com/nnngu/LearningNotes
Spring MVC需要的jar包
文章中 Spring MVC 使用的版本是 3.2.18 ， 需要的 jar 包如下：
spring-webmvc
jstl 1.1.2
aopalliance 1.0
commons-logging 1.1.1
spring-aop
spring-beans
spring-context
spring-core
spring-expression
spring-web
使用 Maven 构建的 Java 项目，需要在 pom.xml 中添加如下依赖：
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>3.2.18.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>jstl</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>aopalliance</groupId>
<artifactId>aopalliance</artifactId>
<version>1.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
<version>1.1.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>3.2.18.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>3.2.18.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>3.2.18.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>3.2.18.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
<version>3.2.18.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>3.2.18.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
前期准备
1、在com.nnngu.entity包下创建 User.java
代码如下：
package com.nnngu.entity;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class User implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private String name;
private Integer age;
private String pwd;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getPwd() {
return pwd;
}
public void setPwd(String pwd) {
this.pwd = pwd;
}
}
2、在下图所示的位置创建两个 jsp 页面
create.jsp的代码如下：
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: lijiawei
Date: 13/02/2018
Time: 14:08
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>创建用户</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="save" method="post">
<fieldset>
<legend>创建用户</legend>
<p>
<label>姓名：</label> <input type="text" id="name" name="name"
tabindex="1">
</p>
<p>
<label>年龄：</label> <input type="text" id="age" name="age"
tabindex="2">
</p>
<p>
<label>密码：</label> <input type="text" id="pwd" name="pwd"
tabindex="3">
</p>
<p id="buttons">
<input id="reset" type="reset" tabindex="4" value="重置"> <input
id="submit" type="submit" tabindex="5" value="创建">
</p>
</fieldset>
</form>
</body>
</html>
detail.jsp 的代码如下：
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: lijiawei
Date: 13/02/2018
Time: 14:08
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>用户详情</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="gloobal">
<h4>创建成功</h4>
<p>
<h5>详情：</h5>
姓名：${user.name}<br/>
年龄：${user.age}<br/>
密码：${user.pwd}<br/>
</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
配置Spring MVC
1、在 web.xml 文件中进行如下配置：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
version="3.1">
<filter>
<description>字符集过滤器</description>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<description>字符集编码</description>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>appServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring/springmvc-context.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>appServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
2、在下图所示的位置创建 springmvc-context.xml
springmvc-context.xml的代码如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans:beans xmlns:beans="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd ">
<!-- 对包中的所有类进行扫描，以完成Bean创建和自动依赖注入的功能 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.nnngu"/>
<!-- 启动基于Spring MVC的注解功能，将控制器与方法映射加入到容器中 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<!-- 这个类用于Spring MVC视图解析 -->
<beans:bean id="viewResolver"
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<beans:property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"/>
<beans:property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</beans:bean>
</beans:beans>
3、编写 Controller
在上图所示的位置创建 UserController.java ，代码如下：
package com.nnngu;
import com.nnngu.entity.User;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
/**
* 用户管理
*/
@Controller
public class UserController {
@RequestMapping("")
public String Create(Model model) {
return "create";
}
@RequestMapping("/save")
public String Save(@ModelAttribute("form") User user, Model model) { // user:视图层传给控制层的表单对象； model:控制层返回给视图层的对象
model.addAttribute("user", user);
return "detail";
}
}
测试
启动项目，在浏览器输入 localhost:8080
测试成功。