java实现二维码的生成与解析

简单介绍下二维码：二维码其实就是一种编码技术，只是这种编码技术是用在图片上了，将给定的一些文字，数字转换为一张经过特定编码的图片，而解析二维码则相反，就是将一张经过编码的图片解析为数字或者文字。

当然了，这种编码的低层实现并不是那么的简单，都是那些顶级研发人员做的事，我们只需要简单了解并知道怎么使用就可以了。

那么肯定是要导入jar包依赖的吧，那不用说，是要导包的，我用的是谷歌提供的一个com.google.zxing.core版本是3.3.0的。

下面我们直接创建一个maven项目，用maven管理jar包很方便，而且我们需要的jar包基本都可以从官网下载进行依赖的添加。

创建好maven项目后，在项目的pom.xml中添加依赖：

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.google.zxing</groupId>
    <artifactId>core</artifactId>
    <version>3.3.0</version>
</dependency>

上面这段依赖可以直接到maven的官网进行copy，在maven依赖查询官网直接搜索zxing，我用的是3.3.0的版本。

相信大家对maven也已经比较熟悉了，具体大家可参考我的文章里面的《maven入门笔记》

jar包依赖添加完后，我们直接上代码：

第一个类：

package com.yc.qrcode;
 
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import com.google.zxing.LuminanceSource;
 
public class BufferedImageLuminanceSource extends LuminanceSource {
 
    private final BufferedImage image;
    private final int left;
    private final int top;
 
    public BufferedImageLuminanceSource(BufferedImage image) {
        this(image, 0, 0, image.getWidth(), image.getHeight());
    }
 
    public BufferedImageLuminanceSource(BufferedImage image, int left, int top, int width, int height) {
        super(width, height);
 
        int sourceWidth = image.getWidth();
        int sourceHeight = image.getHeight();
        if (left + width > sourceWidth || top + height > sourceHeight) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Crop rectangle does not fit within image data.");
        }
 
        for (int y = top; y < top + height; y++) {
            for (int x = left; x < left + width; x++) {
                if ((image.getRGB(x, y) & 0xFF000000) == 0) {
                    image.setRGB(x, y, 0xFFFFFFFF); // = white
                }
            }
        }
 
        this.image = new BufferedImage(sourceWidth, sourceHeight, BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_GRAY);
        this.image.getGraphics().drawImage(image, 0, 0, null);
        this.left = left;
        this.top = top;
    }
 
    public byte[] getRow(int y, byte[] row) {
        if (y < 0 || y >= getHeight()) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Requested row is outside the image: " + y);
        }
        int width = getWidth();
        if (row == null || row.length < width) {
            row = new byte[width];
        }
        image.getRaster().getDataElements(left, top + y, width, 1, row);
        return row;
    }
 
    public byte[] getMatrix() {
        int width = getWidth();
        int height = getHeight();
        int area = width * height;
        byte[] matrix = new byte[area];
        image.getRaster().getDataElements(left, top, width, height, matrix);
        return matrix;
    }
 
    public boolean isCropSupported() {
        return true;
    }
 
    public LuminanceSource crop(int left, int top, int width, int height) {
        return new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(image, this.left + left, this.top + top, width, height);
    }
 
    public boolean isRotateSupported() {
        return true;
    }
 
    public LuminanceSource rotateCounterClockwise() {
        int sourceWidth = image.getWidth();
        int sourceHeight = image.getHeight();
        AffineTransform transform = new AffineTransform(0.0, -1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, sourceWidth);
        BufferedImage rotatedImage = new BufferedImage(sourceHeight, sourceWidth, BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_GRAY);
        Graphics2D g = rotatedImage.createGraphics();
        g.drawImage(image, transform, null);
        g.dispose();
        int width = getWidth();
        return new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(rotatedImage, top, sourceWidth - (left + width), getHeight(), width);
    }
 
}

上面这个类是谷歌提供的帮助类

第二个类：

package com.zh.quartz_demo.util;


import java.awt.BasicStroke;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.Image;
import java.awt.Shape;
import java.awt.geom.RoundRectangle2D;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;

import com.google.zxing.*;
import com.google.zxing.common.BitMatrix;
import com.google.zxing.common.HybridBinarizer;
import com.google.zxing.qrcode.decoder.ErrorCorrectionLevel;
import com.zh.quartz_demo.test.BufferedImageLuminanceSource;

public class QRCodeUtil {
    private static final String CHARSET = "utf-8";
    private static final String FORMAT_NAME = "JPG";
    // 二维码尺寸
    private static final int QRCODE_SIZE = 300;
    // LOGO宽度
    private static final int WIDTH = 60;
    // LOGO高度
    private static final int HEIGHT = 60;

    private static BufferedImage createImage(String content, String imgPath, boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
        Hashtable hints = new Hashtable();
        hints.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.H);
        hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, CHARSET);
        hints.put(EncodeHintType.MARGIN, 1);
        BitMatrix bitMatrix = new MultiFormatWriter().encode(content, BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, QRCODE_SIZE, QRCODE_SIZE,
                hints);
        int width = bitMatrix.getWidth();
        int height = bitMatrix.getHeight();
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
            for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
                image.setRGB(x, y, bitMatrix.get(x, y) ? 0xFF000000 : 0xFFFFFFFF);
            }
        }
        if (imgPath == null || "".equals(imgPath)) {
            return image;
        }
        // 插入图片
        QRCodeUtil.insertImage(image, imgPath, needCompress);
        return image;
    }

    private static void insertImage(BufferedImage source, String imgPath, boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
        File file = new File(imgPath);
        if (!file.exists()) {
            System.err.println("" + imgPath + "   该文件不存在！");
            return;
        }
        Image src = ImageIO.read(new File(imgPath));
        int width = src.getWidth(null);
        int height = src.getHeight(null);
        if (needCompress) { // 压缩LOGO
            if (width > WIDTH) {
                width = WIDTH;
            }
            if (height > HEIGHT) {
                height = HEIGHT;
            }
            Image image = src.getScaledInstance(width, height, Image.SCALE_SMOOTH);
            BufferedImage tag = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
            Graphics g = tag.getGraphics();
            g.drawImage(image, 0, 0, null); // 绘制缩小后的图
            g.dispose();
            src = image;
        }
        // 插入LOGO
        Graphics2D graph = source.createGraphics();
        int x = (QRCODE_SIZE - width) / 2;
        int y = (QRCODE_SIZE - height) / 2;
        graph.drawImage(src, x, y, width, height, null);
        Shape shape = new RoundRectangle2D.Float(x, y, width, width, 6, 6);
        graph.setStroke(new BasicStroke(3f));
        graph.draw(shape);
        graph.dispose();
    }

    public static void encode(String content, String imgPath, String destPath, boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
        BufferedImage image = QRCodeUtil.createImage(content, imgPath, needCompress);
        mkdirs(destPath);
        ImageIO.write(image, FORMAT_NAME, new File(destPath));
    }

    public static BufferedImage encode(String content, String imgPath, boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
        BufferedImage image = QRCodeUtil.createImage(content, imgPath, needCompress);
        return image;
    }

    public static void mkdirs(String destPath) {
        File file = new File(destPath);
        // 当文件夹不存在时，mkdirs会自动创建多层目录，区别于mkdir．(mkdir如果父目录不存在则会抛出异常)
        if (!file.exists() && !file.isDirectory()) {
            file.mkdirs();
        }
    }

    public static void encode(String content, String imgPath, String destPath) throws Exception {
        QRCodeUtil.encode(content, imgPath, destPath, false);
    }
    // 被注释的方法
    /*
     * public static void encode(String content, String destPath, boolean
     * needCompress) throws Exception { QRCodeUtil.encode(content, null, destPath,
     * needCompress); }
     */

    public static void encode(String content, String destPath) throws Exception {
        QRCodeUtil.encode(content, null, destPath, false);
    }

    public static void encode(String content, String imgPath, OutputStream output, boolean needCompress)
            throws Exception {
        BufferedImage image = QRCodeUtil.createImage(content, imgPath, needCompress);
        ImageIO.write(image, FORMAT_NAME, output);
    }

    public static void encode(String content, OutputStream output) throws Exception {
        QRCodeUtil.encode(content, null, output, false);
    }

    public static String decode(File file) throws Exception {
        BufferedImage image;
        image = ImageIO.read(file);
        if (image == null) {
            return null;
        }
        BufferedImageLuminanceSource source = new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(image);
        BinaryBitmap bitmap = new BinaryBitmap(new HybridBinarizer(source));
        Result result;
        Hashtable hints = new Hashtable();
        hints.put(DecodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, CHARSET);
        result = new MultiFormatReader().decode(bitmap, hints);
        String resultStr = result.getText();
        return resultStr;
    }

    public static String decode(String path) throws Exception {
        return QRCodeUtil.decode(new File(path));
    }

 /*
     *  生成二维码
     * @param content 二维码的内容
     * @return BitMatrix对象
     */
    public static BitMatrix createCode(String content) throws IOException {
        //二维码的宽高
        int width = 200;
        int height = 200;

        //其他参数，如字符集编码
        Map<EncodeHintType, Object> hints = new HashMap<EncodeHintType, Object>();
        hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, "UTF-8");
        //容错级别为H
        hints.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION , ErrorCorrectionLevel.H);
        //白边的宽度，可取0~4
        hints.put(EncodeHintType.MARGIN , 0);

        BitMatrix bitMatrix = null;
        try {
            //生成矩阵，因为我的业务场景传来的是编码之后的URL，所以先解码
            bitMatrix = new MultiFormatWriter().encode(content, BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, width, height, hints);

            //bitMatrix = deleteWhite(bitMatrix);
        } catch (WriterException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        return bitMatrix;
    }

}

上面这个是工具类，里面的方法我都写了注释，编码和解码方法都有多个重载方法，根据参数列表的不同，选择不同的方法执行。其中生成的二维码的图片的名字可以随机命名，也可以自己给定。我把随机命名的方法注释了，用的是给定图片名称。

主类：

 public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            // 存放在二维码中的内容
            String text = "我是小铭";
            // 嵌入二维码的图片路径
            String imgPath = "C:\Users\zipzia02\Desktop\微信图片_20191204154102.jpg";//"D:/img/59fc0ffb3ecf2.jpg";
            // 生成的二维码的路径及名称
            String destPath = "D:/img/jam.jpg";
            //生成二维码
            QRCodeUtil.encode(text, imgPath, destPath, true);

            // 解析二维码
            String str = QRCodeUtil.decode(destPath);
            // 打印出解析出的内容
            System.out.println(str);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

请求api：

@GetMapping("getCode")
public void getCode(HttpServletResponse response) {

    try {
        // 设置响应流信息
        response.setContentType("image/jpg");
        response.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache");
        response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
        response.setDateHeader("Expires", 0);

        OutputStream stream = response.getOutputStream();

        //获取一个二维码图片
        BitMatrix bitMatrix = new QRCodeService().GetQRCode();//调用层

        //以流的形式输出到前端
        MatrixToImageWriter.writeToStream(bitMatrix, "jpg", stream);


    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }

}

QRCodeService类：

public class QRCodeService {

public BitMatrix GetQRCode() {
        BitMatrix bitMatrix = null;
        try{

            String content = "包含的信息";

            //调用接口生成二维码
            QRCodeUtils.createCode(content);
            //获取一个二维码图片
            bitMatrix = QRCodeUtils.createCode(content);


        } catch (IOException e) {
            log.error("获取二维码异常", e);
        }
        return bitMatrix;
    }
}

这里面的代码注释我都写得很清楚了，相信大家都可以看明白，其中：

生成二维码方法：

QRCodeUtil.encode(text, imgPath, destPath, true);

text：编码到二维码中的内容，这里是“我是小铭”

imgPath：要嵌入二维码的图片路径，如果不写或者为null则生成一个没有嵌入图片的纯净的二维码

destPath：生成的二维码的存放路径

true：表示将嵌入二维码的图片进行压缩，如果为“false”则表示不压缩。

解析二维码方法：

QRCodeUtil.decode(destPath);

destPath：将要解析的二维码的存放路径

该方法返回值为String类型，即返回解析出的文字或者数字等。  

转载：https://blog.csdn.net/jam_fanatic/article/details/82818857