一、MySQL 5.7 主要特性：
原生支持 Systemd
更好的性能：对于多核 CPU、固态硬盘、锁有着更好的优化更好的 InnoDB 存储引擎
更为健壮的复制功能：复制带来了数据完全不丢失的方案，传统金融客户也可以选择使用 MySQL 数据库。
注：mysql-5.6.3 已经支持了多线程的主从复制
新增 sys 库：以后这会是 DBA 访问最频繁的库
二、安装 mysql5.7.18
1、系统环境：centos7.2 x86_64
# uname -r 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 # cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)
因为 centos7.2 默认安装了 mariadb-libs，所以先要卸载掉
查看是否安装 mariadb,有就卸载
# rpm -qa |grep mariadb mariadb-libs-5.5.44-2.el7.centos.x86_64 # rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs # rpm -qa |grep mariadb
2、安装依赖包
注： 相关依赖包的作用
cmake：由于从 MySQL5.5 版本开始弃用了常规的 configure 编译方法，所以需要 CMake 编译器，用于设置 mysql 的编译参数。如：安装目录、数据存放目录、字符编码、排序规则等。 Boost #从 MySQL 5.7.5 开始 Boost 库是必需的，mysql 源码中用到了 C++的 Boost 库，要求必须安装 boost1.59.0 或以上版本
GCC 是 Linux 下的 C 语言编译工具，mysql 源码编译完全由 C 和 C++编写，要求必须安装
GCC
bison：Linux 下 C/C++语法分析器
ncurses：字符终端处理库
软件链接：
安装 cmake,注意进行./bootstrap是报错了，说的是缺少gcc的包
所以需要先安装gcc
# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ m4 # tar -xvf cmake-3.5.2.tar.gz # cd cmake-3.5.2/ # ./bootstrap # gmake && gmake install
cmake –version ---查看 cmake 版本
# cmake -version cmake version 3.5.2 CMake suite maintained and supported by Kitware (kitware.com/cmake).
安装 ncurses
# tar -xvf ncurses-5.9.tar.gz # cd ncurses-5.9/ # ./configure && make && make install
安装 bison
# tar -xvf bison-3.0.4.tar.gz # cd bison-3.0.4/ # ./configure && make && make install
安装 bootst
# tar -xvf boost_1_59_0.tar.gz # mv boost_1_59_0 /usr/local/boost
3）创建 mysql 用户和用户组及目录
# groupadd -r mysql && useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false -M mysql ---新建 msyql 组和 msyql 用户禁止登录 shell # mkdir /data/soft/mysql ---创建目录 # mkdir /data/soft/mysql/mysqldb ---数据库目录
3、编译安装 mysql
解压 mysql 源码包：
# tar -xvf mysql-5.7.18.tar.gz # cd mysql-5.7.18/ # cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/data/soft/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/soft/mysql/mysqldb -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/data/soft/mysql/mysql.sock -DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_c -DWITH-SYSTEMD=1 -DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost # make && make install
注 1：配置解释：
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/data/soft/mysql [MySQL 安装的根目录] -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/soft/mysql/mysqldb [MySQL 数据库文件存放目录] -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc [MySQL 配置文件所在目录] -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 [添加 MYISAM 引擎支持] -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 [添加 InnoDB 引擎支持] -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 [添加 ARCHIVE 引擎支持 ] -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql /mysql.sock [指定 mysql.sock 位置 ] -DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 [安装支持数据库分区 ] -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all [使 MySQL 支持所有的扩展字符] -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 [设置 MySQL 的默认字符集为utf8] -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci [设置默认字符集校对规则] -DWITH-SYSTEMD=1 [可以使用 systemd 控制 mysql 服务] -DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost [指向 boost 库所在目录]
2：为了加快编译速度可以按下面的方式编译安装
make -j $(grep processor /proc/cpuinfo | wc –l) && make install
-j 参数表示根据 CPU 核数指定编译时的线程数，可以加快编译速度。默认为 1 个线程编译。 如果在测试时就不要用这个了，比较耗资源，估计两下系统就会显示make错误，我自己做了几次，都是这样提示，所以测试就老老实实make就行，别搞花里胡哨的，在生产环境可以这样用，因为服务器配置比较好。
注 3：若要重新运行 cmake 配置，需要删除 CMakeCache.txt 文件
# make clean #rm -f CMakeCache.txt
优化 Mysql 的执行路径
# vim /etc/profile 编辑变量路径内容 export PATH=$PATH:/data/soft/mysql/bin # source /etc/profile
4、设置权限并初始化 MySQL 系统授权表
# cd /data/soft/mysql/ # chown -R mysql:mysql . # bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/data/soft/mysql --datadir=/data/soft/mysql/mysqldb 2018-05-10T05:20:41.713754Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). 2018-05-10T05:20:43.602801Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790 2018-05-10T05:20:43.738995Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables. 2018-05-10T05:20:43.807591Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: e337ff8a-5411-11e8-b889-000c29560c16. 2018-05-10T05:20:43.814513Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened. 2018-05-10T05:20:43.819425Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: _ikVWLuiy0qJ
注意：如果使用–initialize 参数初始化系统数据库之后，会生成 root 用户的一个临时密码"_ikVWLuiy0qJ"，如上所示。
注 1：以 root 初始化操作时要加--user=mysql 参数，生成一个随机密码（注意保存登录时用）
注 2：MySQL 5.7.6 之前的版本执行这个脚本初始化系统数据库
/data/soft/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/data/soft/mysql --datadir=/data/soft/mysql/mysqldb
# 5.7.6 之后版本初始系统数据库脚本（本文使用此方式初始化）
#/data/soft/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/data/soft/mysql --datadir=/data/soft/mysql/mysqldb
# chown -R mysql:mysql . ---改所有者，注意是 root .
5、创建配置文件
由于在5.7.18开始，二进制包不再包含示例文件my-default.cnf，所以我从5.7.17版本中提取了样例，但是发现里面也没有太多项配置，my-default.cnf内容如下：
# For advice on how to change settings please see # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html # *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It‘s a template which will be copied to the # *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you # *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL. [mysqld] # Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data # cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%. # innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M # Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging # changes to the binary log between backups. # log_bin # These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required. # basedir = ..... # datadir = ..... # port = ..... # server_id = ..... # socket = ..... # Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers. # The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs. # Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values. # join_buffer_size = 128M # sort_buffer_size = 2M # read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
自己写的
# vim /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] basedir=/data/soft/mysql datadir=/data/soft/mysql/mysqldb pid-file=/data/soft/mysql/mysqldb/mysqld.pid socket=/data/soft/mysql/mysqld.sock log_error=/data/soft/mysql/mysqldb/mysqld.err
重新载入 systemd，扫描新的或有变动的单元
# systemctl daemon-reload
6、配置 mysql 自动启动
# cp /data/soft/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld # chkconfig mysqld on # systemctl start mysqld # ps -ef |grep mysqld root 65697 1 0 14:42 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh /data/soft/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/data/soft/mysql/mysqldb --pid-file=/data/soft/mysql/mysqldb/mysqld.pid mysql 65852 65697 6 14:42 ? 00:00:00 /data/soft/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/data/soft/mysql --datadir=/data/soft/mysql/mysqldb --plugin-dir=/data/soft/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/soft/mysql/mysqldb/mysqld.err --pid-file=/data/soft/mysql/mysqldb/mysqld.pid --socket=/data/soft/mysql/mysql.sock root 65883 62018 0 14:42 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysqld
注意：在 mysql.server启动过程中如果出错，那么可能是pid的问题，把默认的 pid 文件指定到了/var/run/mysqld/目录，而并没有事先建立该目录，因此要手动建立该目录并把权限赋给 mysql 用户。
# mkdir /var/run/mysqld # chown -R mysql:mysql /var/run/mysqld/
服务启动成功
访问 MySQL 数据库并修改密码
# mysql -uroot -p_ikVWLuiy0qJ
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 5.7.18
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> set password = password('abc.123');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
使用新密码登陆
# mysql -uroot -pabc.123 mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 9 Server version: 5.7.18 Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.01 sec) mysql>
未完待续................................