maven项目配置框架

任何一个maven项目都会继承一个默认的父pom配置：Super POM，详见：https://maven.apache.org/guides/introduction/introduction-to-the-pom.html 。
在pom.xml中可以直接使用一些变量值，如：

${project.groupId}               The group id of current project
${project.version} 　　　　　　　　 The version of current project
${project.build.sourceDirectory} The source directory of current project
${project.basedir}               The directory that the current project resides in.
${project.baseUri}               The directory that the current project resides in, represented as an URI. Since Maven 2.1.0
${maven.build.timestamp}         The timestamp that denotes the start of the build. Since Maven 2.1.0-M1

详见：https://maven.apache.org/guides/introduction/introduction-to-the-pom.html之Available Variables

一个实际完整的maven项目pom.xml文件配置框架：

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<project
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"
    xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
    <!-- 模块参数 -->
    <artifactId>xxx-xxx</artifactId>
    <version>x.x.x</version>
    <packaging>war</packaging>
    <name>xxx</name>
    <url>xxx</url>
    
    <!-- 父模块,可选. -->
    <parent>
        <groupId>xxx</groupId>
        <artifactId>xxx</artifactId>
        <version>x.x.x</version>
    </parent>

    <!-- 定义属性 -->
    <properties>
        <!-- 项目编码 -->
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <!-- 时间格式 -->
        <maven.build.timestamp.format>yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss'Z'</maven.build.timestamp.format>
    </properties>

    <!-- 依赖配置 -->
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>xxx</groupId>
            <artifactId>xxx</artifactId>
            <version>x.x.x</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <!-- 定义profile: 将开发配置和生产配置分离开 -->
    <profiles>
        <profile>
            <id>dev</id>
            <properties>
                <profile.dir>dev</profile.dir>
            </properties>
            <activation>
				<activeByDefault>dev</activeByDefault>
			</activation>
        </profile>
        <profile>
            <id>test</id>
            <properties>
                <profile.dir>test</profile.dir>
            </properties>
        </profile>
        <profile>
            <id>prod</id>
            <properties>
                <profile.dir>prod</profile.dir>
            </properties>
        </profile>
    </profiles>

    <!-- 打包 -->
    <build>
        <finalName>xxx</finalName>
        
        <!-- 打包资源 -->
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/java</directory>
                <excludes>
                    <exclude>.svn</exclude>
                    <exclude>.java</exclude>
                </excludes>
            </resource>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources/profiles/${profile.dir}</directory>
                <excludes>
                    <exclude>.svn</exclude>
                </excludes>
            </resource>
        </resources>
        
        <!-- 配置打包插件,如: 依赖处理,资源复制,压缩打包等 -->
        <plugins>
            <!-- 生成jar包时打包资源文件配置 -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.0.2</version>
                <configuration>
                    <excludes>
                        <exclude>**/profiles/**</exclude>
                        <exclude>**/jdbc.properties</exclude>
                        <exclude>**/*.proto</exclude>
                    </excludes>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>

            <!-- 打包源码 -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.0.1</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>attach-sources</id>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>jar-no-fork</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>

            <!-- 打包编译参数 -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.6.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.6</source>
                    <target>1.6</target>
                    <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>

            <!-- 将依赖模块的jar包文件提取出来放到指定位置 -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>unpack</id>
                        <phase>prepare-package</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>unpack</goal>
                        </goals>
                        <configuration>
                            <artifactItems>
                                <artifactItem>
                                    <groupId>com.xxx</groupId>
                                    <artifactId>xxx-xxx</artifactId>
                                    <version>1.0.0</version>
                                    <type>jar</type>
                                    <includes>**/*.class</includes>
                                    <overWrite>false</overWrite>
                                    <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/classes</outputDirectory>
                                </artifactItem>
                            </artifactItems>
                        </configuration>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>

            <!-- 打包可执行jar文件 -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.1.0</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <phase>package</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>shade</goal>
                        </goals>
                        <configuration>
                            <transformers>
                                <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.AppendingTransformer">
                                    <resource>META-INF/spring.handlers</resource>
                                </transformer>
                                <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.AppendingTransformer">
                                    <resource>META-INF/spring.schemas</resource>
                                </transformer>
                                <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer">
                                    <mainClass>org.chench.Main</mainClass>
                                </transformer>
                            </transformers>
                        </configuration>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>

            <!-- 构建时不执行单元测试 -->
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
				<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
				<version>2.20.1</version>
				<configuration>
					<skipTests>true</skipTests>
				</configuration>
			</plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>