django知识点回顾与补充

一、django知识点回顾

1.Cookie操作
    - 客户端本地存储的键值对
2.Session操作
    - 
    
3.URL路由
    - /index   ->   view.函数
    
4.MTV

5.View中返回方式
    - HttpResponse("内容")
    - render(request,'模板路径',{})
    - redirect('URL')
6.启动
    python manage.py runserver 
    
7. 创建project
    django-admin startproject [project名称]
    python manage.py startapp [app名称]
    
8. URL中有别名
    [
        ('/index/(d+)', func, name='xxoo')
    ]
    
9. settings.py配置

    STATICFILES_DIRS=(
        os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'static'),
    )
10. 模板
        {{变量}}
        {% for，if, %}
    
    views.py
        def func(request):
            return render(request, 'index.html',{'arg': [1,3,4,6]})
            
    index.html:
    
        {{arg.2}}

11. 数据库连接修改mysql
        默认：MySQLDB
        修改：pymysql
        
12. 模板继承
    block
    extends
    ？？ 一个子模板是否可以继承多个父模板
    
13. request参数
        - request.method
        - request.GET
        - request.POST.get
        - request.POST.getlist('hobby')

14. 外键
    
15. 操作数据表
    python manage.py makemigrations
    python manage.py migrate
    
16. 在html中使用别名代指静态文件路径

17. 路由分发（urls.py)

18. 数据操作
    models.Tb.objects.all().delete()
    models.Tb.objects.filter(条件).delete()
    
19. 外键的添加添加
    class A(models.Model):部门表
        name = c.CharField(max_length=16,null=True,blank=True)

    class B()  员工表
        title = c
        fk = FK(A)

    models.B.objects.create(
        title='1',
        fk=models.A.objects.get(id=1)
    )
    
    models.B.objects.create(
        title='1',
        fk_id= 1
    )
    
20. 外键关联删除

21. URL匹配

     [
        ('/index/(?P<nid>d+)'), func
     ]
     
      views.py
        def func(request,nid):
            pass
            
22. ORM
    - Models中操作
    - shell操作
    
    对象 = models.TB.objects.get(id=1)
    [对象,] = models.TB.objects.filter(id=1)
    
23.CSRF  安全机制
    
24.自定义标签
    
25. XSS攻击
    
    views.py
        def func(request,nid):
            
            return render(request, 'x.html', {'k1':'v1','k2': "<h1>v2</h1>"})
    
    x.html:
        
        {{k1}}
        {{k2}}
        页面输出：
            v1
            <h1>v2</h1>
            
        {{k1}}
        {{k2|safe}}
        页面输出：
            v1
            v2(加大加粗)
        
26. 
    obj = models.Tb.objects.get(id=1)
    obj.name = '新名称'
    obj.save()
    
    models.Tb.objects.filter(id=1).update(nam='新')
    
27. 多表查询  双下划线跨表

28. URL，namespace

29. 迭代器 

二、django补充

Day54
    - 内容回顾
        - 请求响应Http
            1. 发送Http请求
            2. 服务器接收，根据请求头中的url在路由关系表中进行匹配（从上到下）
            3. 匹配成功后，执行指定的views函数
                 URL -> 函数    ==> FBV
                 URL -> 类      ==> CBV
            4. 业务处理
                - 根据个人需求自定
                - 操作数据库
                    - 原生SQL
                    - Django ORM （可能是史上最牛的ORM框架）
                ==> 返回给用户的结果 <==
                - 响应内容
                    - 响应头
                    - 响应体
            请求字符串：
                请求头
                    Request URL:http://www.cnblogs.com/getData/        reqeust.GET
                    Request Method:POST
                    Accept:text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
                    Accept-Encoding:gzip, deflate, sdch
                    Accept-Language:zh-CN,zh;q=0.8
                    Cache-Control:max-age=0
                    Connection:keep-alive
                    Cookie:__utma=226521935.503212689.1478164225.1478164225.1478164225.1; __utmz=226521935.1478164225.1.1.utmcsr=(direct)|utmccn=(direct)|utmcmd=(none); _ga=GA1.2.503212689.1478164225
                    Host:www.cnblogs.com
                    If-Modified-Since:Tue, 07 Mar 2017 01:49:57 GMT
                    Upgrade-Insecure-Requests:1
                    User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.71 Safari/537.36
                分隔：
                    


                请求体：
                    nid=sb          reqeust.body字符串 =>    reqeust.POST 字典

                
            响应字符串：
                响应头：
                    Cache-Control:no-cache
                    Connection:keep-alive
                    ContentType:text/json;charset=UTF-8
                    Date:Tue, 07 Mar 2017 03:18:30 GMT
                    Server:Tengine
                    Transfer-Encoding:chunked
                    X-Tingyun-Tx-Data:{"r":"56710730","action":"WebAction/SpringController%2Fpassport/login (GET)","id":"rUsXqRdGAHI#hxFVdq76WLA","time":{"duration":8,"rds":0,"ex":0,"code":8,"qu":0,"mc":0,"mon":0,"db":0},"trId":"e9725e96a5a2fca4"}
                    X-Via:1.1 zw13:0 (Cdn Cache Server V2.0), 1.1 ietong143:1 (Cdn Cache Server V2.0)
                分隔：
                    

       
                响应体：
                    ....

fbv示例：

views.py

from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,HttpResponse
# Create your views here.

from django.views import View

def fbv(request):
    if request.method == 'GET':
           return HttpResponse('FBV.GET')
    elif request.method == 'POST':
            return HttpResponse('FBV.POST')

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
urls.py
urlpatterns = [
    url(r' ^fbv$', views.fbv),
]

三、dispatch用法

urls.py

    url(r'^cbv$', views.CBV.as_view()),

views.py

from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,HttpResponse
# Create your views here.



from django.views import View

class CBV(View):

    def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        result =super(CBV,self).dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
        return result

    def get(self,request):
        return render(request,'cbv.html')

    def post(self,request):
        return HttpResponse('CBV.POST')

cbv.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="cbv" method="POST">
    <input type="text" />
    <input type="submit" />
</form>
</body>
</html>

 四、增，删，改，查

1、手动创建app命令

python manage.py startapp app01

2、配置新app_设置settings.py

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'app01',
]

3、增，册，改，查

models.py

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.

# 在数据库创建表，表名userinfo
class UserInfo(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=16) # 表中创建一列数据
    age = models.IntegerField()

class Group(models.Model):
    caption = models.CharField(max_length=16)

# userinfo
"""
id            name(字符串类型)     age
1             root                 18
2             eric                 20
"""
"""
1. 创建和修改数据库表
    在settings中的配置app的名字app02
    python manage.py makemigrations
    python manage.py migrate
2. 数据库操作
    增删改查
"""

test.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>test</h1>
    <ul>
{#        #[{id:1,name:root,age:18},{id:1,name:root,age:18},]#}
        {% for foo in uuu %}
            <li>{{ foo.id }}  ----- {{ foo.name }}  ----- {{ foo.age }} </li>
        {% endfor %}
    </ul>
</body>
</html>

views.py

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse

# Create your views here.
from app02 import models
def test(request):
    # 增加
    # name,age表示列名
　　　#方法一：
    # models.UserInfo.objects.create(name='alex',age=18)
　　　#方法二：
    #Teachers.object.create(name='root')
　　　　obj = Teachers(name='root')
　　　　obj.save()

    # models.Group.objects.create(caption='组2')

    # 获取
    # user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all()
    #[{id:1,name:root,age:18},{id:1,name:root,age:18},]

    # 删除
    # models.UserInfo.objects.all().delete()
    # models.UserInfo.objects.all().delete()
    # models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=1).delete()
    # models.UserInfo.objects.filter(age=18).delete()
    # models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=2,age=18).delete()
    # models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=2,age=18,name='root').delete()

    # 更新
    # models.UserInfo.objects.all().update(age=10)
    # models.UserInfo.objects.filter(name='alex').update(age=10)
    # models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=1).update(age=10)
    # models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=1).update(age=10, name='tony')

    # for row in user_list:
    #     print(row.id,row.name,row.age)
    # return HttpResponse('ok')
    # 1.找test.html文件，并打开获取其内容
    # 2.将获取到的内容+{'user_list': user_list}参数进行替换
    # 3.将替换后的字符串返回给用户
    return render(request,'test.html',{'uuu': user_list})

def add_test(request):
    n = request.GET.get('name')
    a = request.GET.get('age')
    models.UserInfo.objects.create(name=n,age=a)
    return HttpResponse('创建成功')

def del_test(request):
    nid = request.GET.get('iid')
    models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=nid).delete()
    return HttpResponse('删除成功')

def edit_test(request):
    i = request.GET.get('id')
    n = request.GET.get('name')
    a = request.GET.get('age')
    models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=i).update(name=n,age=a)
    return HttpResponse('更新成功')

#获取id>1的值
result = Teachers.object.filter(id__gt=1)
result = Teachers.object.filter(id__gt=1),first()

 多表查询

from django.db import models

class Classes(models.Model):
    """
    班级表,男
    """
    titile = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    m = models.ManyToManyField('Teachers')


class Teachers(models.Model):
    """
    老师表，女
    """
    name = models.CharField (max_length=32)


class Student(models.Model):
    """
    学生表
    """
    username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    age = models.IntegerField()
    gender = models.BooleanField()
    cs = models.ForeignKey(Classes) # cs,cs_id  1    3班

######################## 单表 ########################
# 增加
# Teachers.objects.create(name='root')
# obj = Teachers(name='root')
# obj.save()
# 查
# Teachers.objects.all()
# Teachers.objects.filter(id=1)
# Teachers.objects.filter(id=1,name='root')
# result = Teachers.objects.filter(id__gt=1)
# [obj(id,name),]
# result = Teachers.objects.filter(id__gt=1).first()
# 删除
# Teachers.objects.filter(id=1).delete()
# 改
# Teachers.objects.all().update(name='alex')
# Teachers.objects.filter(id=1).update(name='alex')

######################## 一对多 ########################
"""
班级：
id    name
 1    3班
 2    6班

学生
id   username    age    gender   cs_id
1      东北       18     男         1
2      东北1      118     男        2
2      东北1      118     男        1
"""
# 增加
# Student.objects.create(username='东北',age=18,gender='男',cs_id=1)
# Student.objects.create(username='东北',age=18,gender='男',cs= Classes.objects.filter(id=1).first() )
# 查看
"""
ret = Student.objects.all()
# []
# [ obj(..),]
# [ obj(1      东北       18     男         1),obj(2      东北1      118     男         2),obj(..),]
for item in ret:
    print(item.id)
    print(item.username)
    print(item.age)
    print(item.gender)
    print(item.cs_id)
    print(item.cs.id)
    print(item.cs.name)
"""
# 删除
# Student.objects.filter(id=1).delete()
# Student.objects.filter(cs_id=1).delete()

# cid = input('请输入班级ID')
# Student.objects.filter(cs_id=cid).delete()

# cname = input('请输入班级名称')
# Student.objects.filter(cs_id=cid).delete()
# Student.objects.filter(cs__name=cname).delete()




######################## 多对多 ########################

# 多对多
"""
班级：
id  title
1    3班
2    4班
3    5班
老师：
id   title
 1    Alex
 2    老妖
 3    瞎驴
 4    Eric
 老师班级关系表(类):
id   班级id   老师id
 1     1        2
 2     1        3
 4     2        2
 5     2        3
 6     2        4
 7     1        5


# 增
obj = Classes.objects.filter(id=1).first() #1    3班
obj.m.add(2)
obj.m.add([4,3])

# obj = Classes.objects.filter(id=2).first() #1    3班
# obj.m.add(2)
# obj.m.add([4,3])

obj = Classes.objects.filter(id=1).first() #1    3班
# 删除
# obj.m.remove([4,3])
# 清空
obj.m.clear()
# 重置
obj.m.set([2,3,5])

# 查第三张表
# 把3班的所有老师列举
obj = Classes.objects.filter(id=1).frist()
obj.id
obj.titile
ret = obj.m.all() # 第三张表
# ret是一个 [ 老师1(id,name),obj(id,name)   ]

"""