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  • kubernetes容器持久化存储

    kubernetes容器持久化存储

    之前使用了volume支持了本地和网络存储,譬如之前的NFS挂载要指定NFS服务器IP要挂载的数据卷和容器要挂载的目录,下面会提到两个东西,分别是PersistenVolume(PV)&PersistentVolumeClaim(PVC),他们作用和设计目的主要是将存储资源可以作为集群的一部分来管理。

    PV你可以理解为一个接口,例如挂载NFS,你直接去使用PVC资源去消费就可以了,所以我们要定义PV的大小,以什么样的模式去访问,你知道这些信息就好了,这就是PV&PVC的设计之初,PV的主要作用就是将你后端的存储做一个抽象,然后在集群中可以管理这些存储,它分为静态和动态,静态就是需要手动去除创建,动态就是自动为你去创建一个PV,一会静态和动态都会涉及到。

    PVC可以让用户不需要关心具体存储的实现,他只关心你用多大容量,PV也就是持久卷,Pod去使用pv的持久卷,你在任何节点都能访问到自己的数据,即使是删除再启动,PVC可以让用户更简单的使用,成为编排的一部分,所以PV&PVC的关系很简,PV是提供者,提供存储容量,PVC是消费者,消费的过程称为绑定

    PV 静态供给

    要使用PV会有三个阶段,需要定义容器应用,定义卷的需求,定义数据卷,先看容器定义

    定义PVC

    现在定义数据卷的来源只需要指定一个PVC,你可以理解这个PVC是个媒人

    [root@k8s01 yml]# cat nginx-pvc.yaml
    apiVersion: apps/v1
    kind: Deployment
    metadata:
      name: nginx-deployment
      labels:
        app: web
    spec:
      selector:
        matchLabels:
          app: web
      replicas: 3
      template:
        metadata:
          labels:
            app: web
        spec:
          containers:
          - name: nginx
            image: nginx:latest
            ports:
            - containerPort: 80
            volumeMounts: 
            - name: wwwroot
              mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
          volumes:
          - name: wwwroot
            persistentVolumeClaim: 
              claimName: nginx-pvc
    ---
    
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
    metadata: 
      name: nginx-pvc
    spec: 
      accessModes: 
        - ReadWriteMany
      resources:
        requests:
          storage: 5Gi
    

    目前的访问模式定义的为ReadWriteMany,也就是卷可以由许多节点以读写方式挂载,缩写为RWX ,除了这个还有两种,分别如下。

    • ReadWriteOnce
      • 卷可以由单个节点以读写方式挂载,缩写RWO
    • ReadOnlyMany
      • 卷可以由许多节点以只读方式挂载,缩写ROX

    这算是一个需求撒,申请5G的使用空间,访问模式为ReadWriteManypvc需要把这个需求告诉pv

    定义PV

    最后定义数据卷。

    [root@k8s01 yml]# cat pv.yml
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: PersistentVolume
    metadata: 
      name: nginx-pv
    spec: 
      capacity: 
        storage: 5Gi
      accessModes: 
        - ReadWriteMany
      nfs: 
        path: /data/
        server: 192.168.10.41
    

    这里的访问模式和pvc的一样,现在可以开始创建了。

    开始创建

    需要先创建你的pv,其实在你创建pv的时候你并不知道真的有人需要这个pv,所以一般情况下会创建很多的pv在这里等着,你找存储的需求发布到pvcpvc会去匹配pv,如果有合适直接牵线,如果没有匹配到从此你就一蹶不振,无法启动,大概就是这样,所以现在把pv创建了吧。

    [root@k8s01 yml]# kubectl create -f pv.yml 
    persistentvolume/nginx-pv created
    [root@k8s01 yml]# kubectl get pv
    NAME       CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   RECLAIM POLICY   STATUS      CLAIM   STORAGECLASS   REASON   AGE
    nginx-pv   5Gi        RWX            Retain           Available                                   5s
    

    使用get pv可以看到当前集群中哪pv可以用,可以看到就一个刚刚创建的,而且开始可用状态,模式为RWX,你领到后想干嘛干嘛,现在可以创建应用了,找pvc的需求也写好了,所以你没写错的话创建之后就能领走了。

    [root@k8s01 yml]# kubectl create -f nginx-pvc.yaml
    deployment.apps/nginx-deployment created
    persistentvolumeclaim/nginx-pvc created
    [root@k8s01 yml]# kubectl get pods,pv,pvc
    NAME                                    READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
    pod/nginx-deployment-7b77d54576-6bnpc   1/1     Running   0          44s
    pod/nginx-deployment-7b77d54576-6fwz4   1/1     Running   0          44s
    pod/nginx-deployment-7b77d54576-8cx4w   1/1     Running   0          44s
    
    NAME                        CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   RECLAIM POLICY   STATUS   CLAIM               STORAGECLASS   REASON   AGE
    persistentvolume/nginx-pv   5Gi        RWX            Retain           Bound    default/nginx-pvc                           9m51s
    
    NAME                              STATUS   VOLUME     CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   STORAGECLASS   AGE
    persistentvolumeclaim/nginx-pvc   Bound    nginx-pv   5Gi        RWX                           44s
    [root@k8s01 yml]# 
    

    没啥子问题,Pod正常启动并且牵线成功,试着访问一下

    [root@k8s01 yml]# cat services.yaml 
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: Service
    metadata:
      name: nginx-service
      labels: 
        app: web
    spec: 
      type: NodePort
      ports: 
      - port: 80
        targetPort: 80
      selector: 
        app: web
    [root@k8s01 yml]# kubectl create -f services.yaml 
    service/nginx-service created
    [root@k8s01 yml]# kubectl get svc
    NAME            TYPE        CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE
    kubernetes      ClusterIP   10.0.0.1     <none>        443/TCP        13h
    nginx-service   NodePort    10.0.0.188   <none>        80:49302/TCP   61s
    [root@k8s01 yml]# curl 192.168.10.92:49302
    hello world
    [root@k8s01 yml]# 
    

    没问题,这就是使用一个持久卷静态模式下的部署,在pvc匹配pv的时候,主要看的是存储容量和访问模式,这两个都符合需求才能匹配成功,都符合两个需求的pv可能有很多,多的话随便给你一个用就算完了,如果匹配不到合适的就绝不会牵线,可能你会感觉很麻烦,每次都要去手动创建pv,能不能我需求发布后自动给我创建一个?可以,这就会涉及到PV的动态供给了,手动创建在小的规模下部署的应用没几个手动搞搞也无所谓,大规模的情况下就很麻烦了,下面看看PV动态供给。

    官方文档编写yaml文件:

    https://github.com/kubernetes-incubator/external-storage/tree/master/nfs/docs/demo

    PV动态供给(StorageClass)

    K8S提供了一个机制叫Dynamic Provisioning,这个机制工作的核心在于StorageClass,这是一个存储类,他的作用是自动操作你后端的存储,为你创建相对应的PV,一个API对象,下面定义一个StorageClass,后端还使用NFS作为存储。

    定义StorageClass

    [root@k8s01 yml]# cat storageclass-nfs.yaml 
    apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
    kind: StorageClass
    metadata:
      name: managed-nfs-storage
    provisioner: fuseim.pri/ifs
    parameters:
      archiveOnDelete: "false"
    

    定义nfs-web插件

    [root@k8s01 yml]# cat nfs-deployment.yaml 
    apiVersion: apps/v1
    kind: Deployment
    metadata:
      name: nfs-client-provisioner
      labels:
        app: nfs-client-provisioner
      namespace: default
    spec:
      replicas: 1
      strategy:
        type: Recreate
      selector:
        matchLabels:
          app: nfs-client-provisioner
      template:
        metadata:
          labels:
            app: nfs-client-provisioner
        spec:
          serviceAccountName: nfs-client-provisioner
          containers:
            - name: nfs-client-provisioner
              image: lizhenliang/nfs-client-provisioner:latest
              volumeMounts:
                - name: nfs-client-root
                  mountPath: /persistentvolumes
              env:
                - name: PROVISIONER_NAME
                  value: fuseim.pri/ifs
                - name: NFS_SERVER
                  value: 192.168.10.41
                - name: NFS_PATH
                  value: /data
          volumes:
            - name: nfs-client-root
              nfs:
                server: 192.168.10.41
                path: /data
    

    定义rbac授权

    [root@k8s01 yml]# cat rbac.yaml
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: ServiceAccount
    metadata:
      name: nfs-client-provisioner
      namespace: default
    ---
    kind: ClusterRole
    apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
    metadata:
      name: nfs-client-provisioner-runner
    rules:
      - apiGroups: [""]
        resources: ["persistentvolumes"]
        verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "delete"]
      - apiGroups: [""]
        resources: ["persistentvolumeclaims"]
        verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "update"]
      - apiGroups: ["storage.k8s.io"]
        resources: ["storageclasses"]
        verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
      - apiGroups: [""]
        resources: ["events"]
        verbs: ["create", "update", "patch"]
    ---
    kind: ClusterRoleBinding
    apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
    metadata:
      name: run-nfs-client-provisioner
    subjects:
      - kind: ServiceAccount
        name: nfs-client-provisioner
        namespace: default
    roleRef:
      kind: ClusterRole
      name: nfs-client-provisioner-runner
      apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
    ---
    kind: Role
    apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
    metadata:
      name: leader-locking-nfs-client-provisioner
      # replace with namespace where provisioner is deployed
      namespace: default
    rules:
      - apiGroups: [""]
        resources: ["endpoints"]
        verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "update", "patch"]
    ---
    kind: RoleBinding
    apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
    metadata:
      name: leader-locking-nfs-client-provisioner
      # replace with namespace where provisioner is deployed
      namespace: default
    subjects:
      - kind: ServiceAccount
        name: nfs-client-provisioner
        # replace with namespace where provisioner is deployed
        namespace: default
    roleRef:
      kind: Role
      name: leader-locking-nfs-client-provisioner
      apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
    

    默认情况下NFS是不支持动态供给的,需要部署一个插件,你需要改一下NFS地址和共享目录,这个插件需要连接apiserver的,所以要进行授权,上面的文件都已经定义了,下面直接开始创建就行了,确保Pod启动后没有抛错。

    [root@k8s01 yml]# kubectl create -f storageclass-nfs.yaml 
    storageclass.storage.k8s.io/managed-nfs-storage created
    [root@k8s01 yml]# kubectl get storageclasses.storage.k8s.io 
    NAME                  PROVISIONER      AGE
    managed-nfs-storage   fuseim.pri/ifs   37s
    [root@k8s01 yml]# 
    
    [root@k8s01 yml]# kubectl create -f rbac.yaml 
    serviceaccount/nfs-client-provisioner created
    clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/nfs-client-provisioner-runner created
    clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/run-nfs-client-provisioner created
    role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/leader-locking-nfs-client-provisioner created
    rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/leader-locking-nfs-client-provisioner created
    [root@k8s01 yml]# 
    
    [root@k8s01 yml]# kubectl create -f nfs-deployment.yaml 
    deployment.apps/nfs-client-provisioner created
    [root@k8s01 yml]# 
    [root@k8s01 yml]# kubectl get pods nfs-client-provisioner-c46c684fd-dz4vp 
    NAME                                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
    nfs-client-provisioner-c46c684fd-dz4vp   1/1     Running   0          48s
    [root@k8s01 yml]# 
    

    使用动态供给

    部署一个资源对象会请求managed-nfs-storage,他会创建pv,nfs-client-provisioner具体会请求NFS

    部署mysql

    部署一个mysql,他需要一个持久化的存储和一个唯一的网络标识,现在需要写一个statefulset和一个无头Service

    [root@k8s01 yml]# cat mysql-demo.yaml 
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: Service
    metadata:
      name: mysql
    spec:
      ports:
      - port: 3306 
        name: mysql 
      clusterIP: None
      selector:
        app: mysql-public
    
    ---
    
    apiVersion: apps/v1
    kind: StatefulSet
    metadata:
      name: mysql-db
    spec:
      selector:
        matchLabels:
          app: mysql-public
      serviceName: "mysql"
      template:
        metadata:
          labels:
            app: mysql-public
        spec:
          containers:
          - name: mysql
            image: mysql:5.7
            env: 
            - name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD
              value: "123456"
            ports: 
            - containerPort: 3306
            volumeMounts:
            - mountPath: "/var/lib/mysql"
              name: mysql-data
          volumes: 
          - name: mysql-data
            persistentVolumeClaim: 
              claimName: mysql-pvc
    ---
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
    metadata:
      name: mysql-pvc
    spec:
      accessModes:
        - ReadWriteMany
      storageClassName: managed-nfs-storage
      resources:
        requests:
          storage: 5Gi
    

    数据来源指定的pv动态供给,创建pvc动态供给的内容如下。

          volumes: 
          - name: mysql-data
            persistentVolumeClaim: 
              claimName: mysql-pvc
    ---
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
    metadata:
      name: mysql-pvc
    spec:
      accessModes:
        - ReadWriteMany
      storageClassName: managed-nfs-storage
      resources:
        requests:
          storage: 5Gi
    

    使用的存储类名称为managed-nfs-storage,就是上面我定义的那个,他和之前的数据卷引用方式差不多,只不过这个需要指定存储类帮你创建pv,也就是这个。

    [root@k8s01 yml]# kubectl get pod nfs-client-provisioner-c46c684fd-dz4vp 
    NAME                                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
    nfs-client-provisioner-c46c684fd-dz4vp   1/1     Running   0          36m
    [root@k8s01 yml]# 
    

    现在可以创建mysql服务了

    [root@k8s01 yml]# kubectl create -f mysql-demo.yaml 
    service/mysql created
    statefulset.apps/mysql-db created
    persistentvolumeclaim/mysql-pvc created
    
    [root@k8s01 yml]# kubectl get pods mysql-db-0 
    NAME         READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
    mysql-db-0   1/1     Running   0          33s
    
    [root@k8s01 yml]# kubectl get pv,pvc
    NAME                                                        CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   RECLAIM POLICY   STATUS        CLAIM                                            STORAGECLASS          REASON   AGE
    persistentvolume/nginx-pv                                   5Gi        RWX            Retain           Bound         default/nginx-pvc                                                               114m
    persistentvolume/pvc-43bff7ce-bbdf-483a-8359-f03419d196ff   5Gi        RWX            Delete           Bound         default/mysql-pvc                                managed-nfs-storage            54s
    
    NAME                              STATUS   VOLUME                                     CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   STORAGECLASS          AGE
    persistentvolumeclaim/mysql-pvc   Bound    pvc-43bff7ce-bbdf-483a-8359-f03419d196ff   5Gi        RWX            managed-nfs-storage   54s
    persistentvolumeclaim/nginx-pvc   Bound    nginx-pv                                   5Gi        RWX                                  105m
    [root@k8s01 yml]# 
    
    

    就是这种效果,试试这个mysql是否能使用,需要通过DNS名称去访问了,启动一个容器试试。

    [root@k8s01 ~]# kubectl create clusterrolebinding kube-apiserver:kubelet-apis --clusterrole=system:kubelet-api-admin --user kubernetes
    clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kube-apiserver:kubelet-apis created
    [root@k8s01 ~]# kubectl run -it --image=mysql:5.7 mysql-client --restart=Never --rm /bin/bash
    If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing enter.
    root@mysql-client:/# mysql -uroot -p123456 -hmysql-db-0.mysql
    mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
    Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
    Your MySQL connection id is 3
    Server version: 5.7.30 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
    
    Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
    
    Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
    affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
    owners.
    
    Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
    
    mysql> show databases;
    +--------------------+
    | Database           |
    +--------------------+
    | information_schema |
    | mysql              |
    | performance_schema |
    | sys                |
    +--------------------+
    4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> 
    

    看一眼NFS上的东西

    [root@nfs01 data]# ll default-mysql-pvc-pvc-43bff7ce-bbdf-483a-8359-f03419d196ff/
    total 188484
    -rw-r----- 1 polkitd ssh_keys       56 Jun  7 13:47 auto.cnf
    -rw------- 1 polkitd ssh_keys     1680 Jun  7 13:47 ca-key.pem
    -rw-r--r-- 1 polkitd ssh_keys     1112 Jun  7 13:47 ca.pem
    -rw-r--r-- 1 polkitd ssh_keys     1112 Jun  7 13:47 client-cert.pem
    -rw------- 1 polkitd ssh_keys     1676 Jun  7 13:47 client-key.pem
    -rw-r----- 1 polkitd ssh_keys     1343 Jun  7 13:47 ib_buffer_pool
    -rw-r----- 1 polkitd ssh_keys 79691776 Jun  7 13:47 ibdata1
    -rw-r----- 1 polkitd ssh_keys 50331648 Jun  7 13:47 ib_logfile0
    -rw-r----- 1 polkitd ssh_keys 50331648 Jun  7 13:47 ib_logfile1
    -rw-r----- 1 polkitd ssh_keys 12582912 Jun  7 13:48 ibtmp1
    drwxr-x--- 2 polkitd ssh_keys     4096 Jun  7 13:47 mysql
    drwxr-x--- 2 polkitd ssh_keys     8192 Jun  7 13:47 performance_schema
    -rw------- 1 polkitd ssh_keys     1676 Jun  7 13:47 private_key.pem
    -rw-r--r-- 1 polkitd ssh_keys      452 Jun  7 13:47 public_key.pem
    -rw-r--r-- 1 polkitd ssh_keys     1112 Jun  7 13:47 server-cert.pem
    -rw------- 1 polkitd ssh_keys     1680 Jun  7 13:47 server-key.pem
    drwxr-x--- 2 polkitd ssh_keys     8192 Jun  7 13:47 sys
    [root@nfs01 data]# 
    
    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/opesn/p/13161478.html
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