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  • MySQL 第二篇

    一、MySQL多实例介绍

        mysql多实例，共用一套mysql安装程序，使用不同的配置文件(my.cnf)、启动程序、和数据文件，即在一台服务器上同时开启多个不同的服务器端口(3306,3307),同时运行多个mysql服务进程，这些服务进程通过不同的socket监听不同的服务器端口来提供服务。

     

    二、安装mysql多实例

        1．下载mysql/cmake安装包

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    [root@slave ~]# mkdir /home/tools
    [root@slave ~]# wget –P /home/tools https://cmake.org/files/v2.8/cmake-2.8.12.tar.gz
    [root@slave tools]# wget -P /home/tools/ http://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.50.tar.gz

        2．建立账号

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    [root@slave ~]# groupadd mysql
    [root@slave ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql -M mysql
    useradd参数说明：
       -s /sbin/nologin        # 表示禁止该用户登录，只需角色存在即可，加强安全
       -g mysql                # 指定属组
       -M                      # 表示不创建用户家目录

        3．配置安装环境

           创建目录并授权

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    [root@slave ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql
    [root@slave ~]# mkdir -p /db/{3306,3307}/data       # 多实例文件目录结构
    [root@slave ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql
    [root@slave ~]#  chown -R mysql.mysql /db

           安装依赖

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    [root@slave ~]# yum install gcc gcc-c++ make cmake ncurses-devel bison perl -y

           配置解析

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    [root@slave ~]# uname -n
    slave
    [root@slave ~]# vim /etc/hosts
    192.168.10.65   slave

        4．安装mysql(在这一步和之前，安装配置都和单实例配置相同)

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    [root@slave tools]# tar -zxf mysql-5.5.50.tar.gz
    [root@slave tools]# cd mysql-5.5.50
    [root@slave mysql-5.5.50]# cmake
    > -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql/
    > -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/db/3306/data     # 这里数据目录先指定一个，后面初始化时手工配置
    > -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306
    > -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8
    > -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci
    > -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all
    > -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=ON
    > -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
    > -DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
    > -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
    > -DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
    > -DWITHOUT_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
    > -DWITH_FAST_MUTEXES=1
    > -DWITH_ZLIB=bundled
    > -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1
    > -DWITH_READLINE=1
    > -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1
    > -DWITH_DEBUG=0
    > -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock

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    [root@slave mysql-5.5.50]# make
    [root@slave mysql-5.5.50]# make install

        5．创建mysql多实例配置文件

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    [root@slave ~]# vim /db/3306/my.cnf
    [root@slave ~]# vim /db/3307/my.cnf

    MySQL  3306实例

    MySQL  3307实例

    [client]

    port        = 3306

    socket      = /db/3306/mysql.sock

     

    [mysql]

    no-auto-rehash

     

    [mysqld]

    user        = mysql

    port        = 3306

    socket      = /db/3306/mysql.sock

    basedir     = /usr/local/mysql/

    datadir     = /db/3306/data

    open_files_limit    = 1024

    back_log  = 600

    max_connections  = 800

    max_connect_errors  = 3000

    table_cache  = 1024

    external-locking    = FALSE

    max_allowed_packet  = 16M

    sort_buffer_size  = 8M

    join_buffer_size  = 8M

    thread_cache_size  = 100

    thread_concurrency  = 8

    query_cache_size  = 2M

    query_cache_limit  = 1M

    query_cache_min_res_unit  = 2k

    #default_table_type  = InnoDB

    thread_stack  = 192K

    #transaction_isolation  = READ-COMMITTED

    tmp_table_size  = 2M

    max_heap_table_size  = 2M

    long_query_time  = 1

    pid-file=/db/3306/mysql.pid

    relay-log  = /db/3306/relay-bin

    relay-log-info-file  = /db/3306/relay-log.info

    binlog_cache_size  = 1M

    max_binlog_cache_size  = 1M

    max_binlog_size  = 1M

    key_buffer_size  = 16M

    read_buffer_size  = 1M

    read_rnd_buffer_size  = 1M

    bulk_insert_buffer_size  = 1M

    lower_case_table_names  = 1

    skip-name-resolve

    slave-skip-errors  = 1032,1062

    replicate-ignore-db  = mysql

     

    server-id  = 1

     

    innodb_additional_mem_pool_size  = 4M

    innodb_buffer_pool_size  = 32M

    innodb_data_file_path  = ibdata1:28M:autoextend

    innodb_file_io_threads  = 4

    innodb_thread_concurrency  = 16

    innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit  = 2

    innodb_log_buffer_size  = 8M

    innodb_log_file_size  = 4M

    innodb_log_files_in_group  = 3

    innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct  = 90

    innodb_lock_wait_timeout  = 120

    innodb_file_per_table  = 0

     

    [mysqldump]

    quick

    max_allowed_packet  = 2M

     

     

    [mysqld_safe]

    log-error=/db/3306/mysql_3306.err

    pid-file=/db/3306/mysql.pid

    [client]

    port        = 3307

    socket      = /db/3307/mysql.sock

     

    [mysql]

    no-auto-rehash

     

    [mysqld]

    user        = mysql

    port        = 3307

    socket      = /db/3307/mysql.sock

    basedir     = /usr/local/mysql/

    datadir     = /db/3307/data

    open_files_limit    = 1024

    back_log  = 600

    max_connections  = 800

    max_connect_errors  = 3000

    table_cache  = 1024

    external-locking    = FALSE

    max_allowed_packet  = 16M

    sort_buffer_size  = 8M

    join_buffer_size  = 8M

    thread_cache_size  = 100

    thread_concurrency  = 8

    query_cache_size  = 2M

    query_cache_limit  = 1M

    query_cache_min_res_unit  = 2k

    #default_table_type  = InnoDB

    thread_stack  = 192K

    #transaction_isolation  = READ-COMMITTED

    tmp_table_size  = 2M

    max_heap_table_size  = 2M

    long_query_time  = 1

    pid-file=/db/3307/mysql.pid

    relay-log  = /db/3307/relay-bin

    relay-log-info-file  = /db/3307/relay-log.info

    binlog_cache_size  = 1M

    max_binlog_cache_size  = 1M

    max_binlog_size  = 1M

    key_buffer_size  = 16M

    read_buffer_size  = 1M

    read_rnd_buffer_size  = 1M

    bulk_insert_buffer_size  = 1M

    lower_case_table_names  = 1

    skip-name-resolve

    slave-skip-errors  = 1032,1062

    replicate-ignore-db  = mysql

     

    server-id  = 3

     

    innodb_additional_mem_pool_size  = 4M

    innodb_buffer_pool_size  = 32M

    innodb_data_file_path  = ibdata1:28M:autoextend

    innodb_file_io_threads  = 4

    innodb_thread_concurrency  = 16

    innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit  = 2

    innodb_log_buffer_size  = 8M

    innodb_log_file_size  = 4M

    innodb_log_files_in_group  = 3

    innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct  = 90

    innodb_lock_wait_timeout  = 120

    innodb_file_per_table  = 0

     

    [mysqldump]

    quick

    max_allowed_packet  = 2M

     

     

    [mysqld_safe]

    log-error=/db/3307/mysql_3307.err

    pid-file=/db/3307/mysql.pid

            完成后，/db目录结构:

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    [root@slave ~]# tree /db
    /db
    ├── 3306
    │   ├── data
    │   └── my.cnf
    └── 3307
        ├── data
        └── my.cnf

        6．创建mysql多实例启动文件(3307实例只需更改端口即可)

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    [root@slave ~]# vim /db/3306/mysqld.py
    [root@slave ~]# vim /db/3307/mysqld.py

            编写MySQL启动程序

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    #!/bin/env python
    # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
     
    '''
    MySQL多实例启动程序
    '''
    import os,sys,time
    import subprocess
     
    class Mysql_init:
        def __init__(self):
            self.user = 'root'
            self.port = '3306'
            self.passwd = 'q.123456'
            self.Cmd_path = '/usr/local/mysql/bin'
            self.sock = '/db/%s/mysql.sock'%self.port
     
        def jindu(self):
            for i in range(2):
                sys.stdout.write('.')
                time.sleep(1)
                sys.stdout.flush()
            time.sleep(1)
            return '.'
     
        def start(self):
            if os.path.exists(self.sock):
                print 'MySQL already running.'
            else:
                val = subprocess.call('/bin/sh %s/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/db/%s/my.cnf 2>&1 >/dev/null &'%(self.Cmd_path,self.port),shell=True)
                if val == 0:
                    print 'Starting MySQL',
                    print '%s'% self.jindu(),
                    print 'SUCCESS!'.strip()
                    return True
                else:
                    print 'MySQL start failed.'
     
        def stop(self):
            if os.path.exists(self.sock):
                val = subprocess.call('%s/mysqladmin -u%s -p%s -S %s shutdown'%(self.Cmd_path, self.user,self.passwd,self.sock),shell=True)
                if val == 0:
                    print 'Shutting down MySQL',
                    print '%s'%self.jindu(),
                    print 'SUCCESS!'.strip()
                    return True
                else:
                    print 'MySQL stop failed.'
            else:
                print 'MySQL already stopped.'
     
        def restart(self):
            self.stop()
            self.start()
     
        def main(self):
            if sys.argv[1] == 'start':
                self.start()
            elif sys.argv[1] == 'stop':
                self.stop()
            elif sys.argv[1] == 'restart':
                self.restart()
            else:
                print 'Usage: mysqld  {start|stop|restart}  [ MySQL server options ]'
     
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        ret = Mysql_init()
        ret.main()

            给程序加权限

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    [root@slave 3306]# chmod +x mysqld.py
    [root@slave 3307]# chmod +x mysqld.py
    [root@slave ~]# chown mysql.mysql /db –R            # 授权

            最终/db目录结构：

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    [root@slave ~]# tree /db
    /db
    ├── 3306
    │   ├── data
    │   ├── my.cnf
    │   └── mysqld.py
    └── 3307
        ├── data
        ├── my.cnf
        └── mysqld.py

        7．配置mysql环境变量

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    [root@slave ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' >>/etc/profile
    [root@slave ~]# source /etc/profile

        8．初始化mysql多实例数据库文件

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    [root@slave ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/scripts/
    [root@slave scripts]# ./mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/db/3306/data/  --user=mysql     # 3306
    [root@slave scripts]# ./mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/db/3307/data/  --user=mysql     # 3307

        9．启动多实例mysql

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    [root@slave ~]# /db/3306/mysqld.py start
    Starting MySQL... SUCCESS!
    [root@slave ~]# /db/3307/mysqld.py start
    Starting MySQL... SUCCESS!

        10．为mysql多实例设置密码(安装好之后，默认没有密码)

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    [root@slave ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -S /db/3306/mysql.sockpassword 'q.123456'
    [root@slave ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -S /db/3307/mysql.sockpassword 'q.123456'

        11．登录mysql

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    [root@slave ~]# mysql -uroot -pq.123456 -S /db/3306/mysql.sock
    [root@slave ~]# mysql -uroot -pq.123456 -S /db/3307/mysql.sock

        12．权限设定(因为启动程序中带有mysql密码)

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    [root@slave ~]# chmod 700 /db/{3306,3307}/mysqld.py
    [root@slave ~]# chown root.root /db/{3306,3307}/mysqld.py



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  • 原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/opsedu/p/50eaf49082dc20a86878ac4a7c90fda5.html
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