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MySQL 第一篇

一、MySQL介绍

MySQL是一个关系型数据库管理系统，由瑞典MySQL AB公司开发，目前属于Oracle公司。MySQL是一种关联数据库管理系统，关联数据库将数据保存在不同的表中，而不是将所有数据放在一个大仓库内，这样就增加了速度并提高了灵活性

特点：

性能卓越，服务稳定，很少出现宕机

开放源代码且无版权制约，自主性强，使用成本低

支持多操作系统，提供多种API接口，支持多种开发语言(Python,Php,Java等)

二、MySQL安装方式

1．yum安装 (适合对数据库要求不太高的场合)

大的门户网站把源码根据企业需求制作成rpm，搭建yum仓库

2．常规方式编译安装

.configure/make/make install (mysql 5.1及以前)

cmake /make /make install

序号	MySQL安装方式	特点说明
1	yum/rpm安装	简单，部署速度快，但是没法定制安装，适合新手
2	二进制安装	解压软件，简单配置后就可以使用，不用安装，部署速度较快，专业DBA常用这种方式，软件名如：mysql-5.5.50-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz
3	源码编译安装	可以定制安装(指定字符集，安装路径等)，但是安装时间长
4	源码软件结合yum/rpm安装	把源码软件制作成符合要求的rpm,放到yum仓库，然后通过yum来安装，结合了1和3的优点，安装快速，可以任意定制参数

三、MySQL安装实战(源码cmake方式编译安装MySQL)

1．下载mysql/cmake安装包

[root@master ~]# mkdir /home/tools
[root@master ~]# wget –P /home/tools https://cmake.org/files/v2.8/cmake-2.8.12.tar.gz
[root@master ~]# wget -P /home/tools/ http://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.50.tar.gz

2．建立账号

[root@master ~]# groupadd mysql
[root@master ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql -M mysql
useradd参数说明：
   -s /sbin/nologin        # 表示禁止该用户登录，只需角色存在即可，加强安全
   -g mysql                # 指定属组
   -M                      # 表示不创建用户家目录

3．配置安装环境

创建目录并授权

[root@master ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql
[root@master ~]# mkdir -p /db/mysql
[root@master ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql
[root@master ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /db

安装依赖

[root@master ~]# yum install gcc gcc-c++ make cmake ncurses-devel bison perl -y

配置解析

[root@master ~]# hostname
master.opsedu.com
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/hosts
192.168.10.66   master        # 添加一条

4．安装mysql

[root@master tools]# tar -zxf mysql-5.5.50.tar.gz
[root@master tools]# cd mysql-5.5.50
[root@master mysql-5.5.50]# cmake 
> -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql/ 
> -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/db/mysql 
> -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 
> -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 
> -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci 
> -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all 
> -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=ON 
> -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 
> -DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 
> -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 
> -DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 
> -DWITHOUT_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 
> -DWITH_FAST_MUTEXES=1 
> -DWITH_ZLIB=bundled 
> -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 
> -DWITH_READLINE=1 
> -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 
> -DWITH_DEBUG=0 
> -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock
[root@master mysql-5.5.50]# make          # 编译
[root@master mysql-5.5.50]# make install

5．初始化mysql

配置mysql环境变量

[root@master mysql-5.5.50]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' >>/etc/profile
[root@master mysql-5.5.50]# source /etc/profile

查看配置文件

[root@master mysql-5.5.50]# ll support-files/*.cnf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  4667 Jul9 01:26 support-files/my-huge.cnf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 19759 Jul  9 01:26 support-files/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  4641 Jul9 01:26 support-files/my-large.cnf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  4652 Jul9 01:26 support-files/my-medium.cnf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  2816 Jul9 01:26 support-files/my-small.cnf
[root@master mysql-5.5.50]# /bin/cp support-files/my-small.cnf /etc/my.cnf          # copy配置文件

创建mysql数据库文件

[root@master mysql-5.5.50]# /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/db/mysql --user=mysql

以上命令主要是生成mysql库及相关文件：

这些文件是mysql正确运行所必需的基本数据库文件，其功能是对mysql权限、状态等进行管理

启动mysql

[root@master mysql-5.5.50]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
[root@master mysql-5.5.50]# netstat -lnt|grep 3306
tcp        0  0 0.0.0.0:3306          0.0.0.0:*             LISTEN

配置mysql开机启动

[root@master mysql-5.5.50]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@master mysql-5.5.50]# chmod 700 /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@master mysql-5.5.50]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@master mysql-5.5.50]# chkconfig mysqld on

初始化遇见错误

示例1:

WARING:The host ‘mysql’ could not be locked up with resolveip

需要修改主机名的解析，使其和usernae –n一样

示例2:

ERROR:1004 Can’t create file ‘/tmp/#sql300e_1_0.frm’(errno:13)

原因是/tmp权限有问题(不解决，后面可能无法登陆数据库)

6．后续操作

[root@master mysql-5.5.50]# mysql       # mysql安装好后，默认没有密码
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.50 Source distribution
  
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
  
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
 
# 为mysql增加(设定)密码
[root@master mysql-5.5.50]# mysqladmin -uroot password 'q.123456'

7. 单实例MySQL自动部署脚本

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#!/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
'''
MySQL部署py
'''
 
import os, sys, subprocess
import time, datetime
import socket
import shutil
 
 
class MySQL_init:
    '''
    MySQL编译安装py
    '''
 
    def __init__(self):
        self.url = 'ftp://xxx:xxx@x.x.x.x:port/mysql'           # mysql的编译参数，写入到文件中，放在ftp上
        self.ret = []
        self.compile = []
        self.count = 0
        self.status = ' '
 
    @staticmethod
    def get_local_ip():
        '''
        获取服务器IP，如果有公网地址就取公网IP，没有公网地址就取私网IP
        :return:
        '''
        try:
            sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
            sock.connect(('8.8.8.8', 80))
            (addr, port) = sock.getsockname()
            sock.close()
            return addr
        except socket.error:
            return "127.0.0.1"
 
    def install_check(self):
        '''
        检查命令是否执行成功
        :return: True:成功 False:失败(每个方法最后统一检查)
        '''
        for i in self.ret:
            self.count += i
        if self.count == 0:
            print('#INFO ==================== 33[1;32mThe command execution success.33[0m ====================')
            time.sleep(3)
            return True
        else:
            print('#INFO ==================== 33[1;31mThe command execution failed.33[0m ====================')
            time.sleep(3)
            return False
 
 
    def install_cmd(self, arg):
        '''
        收集shell命令执行结果
        :param arg: 命令字符串
        :return: 返回执行状态
        '''
        val = subprocess.call(arg, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
        self.ret.append(val)
        return val
 
 
    def MySQL_download(self):
        '''
        下载安装包
        :return:False:下载执行失败
        '''
        print '#INFO ==================== 33[1;33mBegan to download MySQL installation package33[0m ===================='
        time.sleep(3)
        try:
            os.makedirs('/home/tools')
        except OSError as e:
            pass
        os.chdir('/home/tools')
        self.install_cmd('wget -c %s/mysql-5.5.50.tar.gz' % self.url)
        if self.install_check() == False:
            return False
 
 
    def MySQL_add_acc(self):
        '''
        添加账号
        :return:True:账号已存在 False:账号添加失败
        '''
        print '#INFO ==================== 33[1;33mBegin creating MySQL account33[0m ===================='
        time.sleep(3)
        self.acc = raw_input('请输入要创建账号名:').strip()
        self.status = subprocess.call('id %s > /dev/null 2>1' %self.acc,shell=True)
        if self.status == 0:
            print('#INFO ==================== 33[1;32mThe command execution success.33[0m ====================')
            time.sleep(3)
            return True
        else:
            self.install_cmd('groupadd {user} && useradd -s /sbin/nologin -g {user} -M {user}'.format(user=self.acc))
            if self.install_check() == False:
                return False
 
 
 
    def MySQL_conf_env(self):
        '''
        配置mysql安装环境
        :return:
        '''
        print '#INFO ==================== 33[1;33mStart configuring the MySQL installation environment33[0m ===================='
        time.sleep(3)
        self.install_path = raw_input('请输入一个不存在的目录(安装目录):').strip()
        self.data_path = raw_input('请输入一个不存在的目录(数据存放目录):').strip()
        if os.path.isdir(self.install_path) and os.path.isdir(self.data_path):
            pass
        else:
            try:
                os.makedirs(self.install_path)
                os.makedirs(self.data_path)
            except OSError as e:
                pass
        self.install_cmd('chown -R {user}.{user} {path1} {path2}'.format(user=self.acc, path1=self.install_path,path2=self.data_path))
        ret = subprocess.call('yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make cmake ncurses-devel bison perl', shell=True)
        if self.install_check() == True and ret == 0:
            pass
        else:
            return False
        self.hostname = socket.getfqdn(socket.gethostname())
        # self.ip = socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())      # 不知怎么回事，不同linux OS,有时可以获取到IP，有时会报‘socket.gaierror’错误
        self.ip = MySQL_init.get_local_ip()
        with open('/etc/hosts', 'a') as f:
            f.write('
{ip}	{hostname}'.format(ip=self.ip, hostname=self.hostname))
 
 
 
    def MySQL_install(self):
        '''
        安装MySQL
        :return:
        '''
        print '#INFO ==================== 33[1;33mStart installing MySQL33[0m ===================='
        time.sleep(3)
        os.chdir('/home/tools')
        self.install_cmd('tar zxf mysql-5.5.50.tar.gz')
        os.chdir('mysql-5.5.50')
        self.install_cmd('wget -c {url}/compile.conf'.format(url=self.url))
        with open('compile.conf', 'r+') as f:
            for lines in f:
                self.compile.append(lines.strip())
        self.compile[0] = '-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=%s' % self.install_path
        self.compile[1] = '-DMYSQL_DATADIR=%s' % self.data_path
        self.status = ' '
        self.compile = self.status.join(self.compile)
        rets = subprocess.call('cmake %s' % self.compile, shell=True)
        vals = subprocess.call('make -j 2 && make install', shell=True)
        if rets == vals == 0:
            pass
        else:
            return False
        os.remove('compile.conf')
        if self.install_check() == False:
            return False
 
    def MySQL_env_init(self):
        '''
        初始化mysql
        :return:
        '''
        print '#INFO ==================== 33[1;33mStart initialized MySQL33[0m ===================='
        time.sleep(3)
        self.install_cmd("echo 'export PATH={ins_path}/bin:$PATH' >>/etc/profile".format(ins_path=self.install_path))
        self.install_cmd('source /etc/profile')
        shutil.copyfile('support-files/my-small.cnf', '/etc/my.cnf')
        self.install_cmd('{path1}/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir={path1} --datadir={path2} --user={user}'.format(path1=self.install_path, path2=self.data_path, user=self.acc))
        if self.install_check() == False:
            return False
 
 
    def MySQL_boot(self):
        '''
        启动MySQL
        :return:
        '''
        print '#INFO ==================== 33[1;33mStarting MySQL...33[0m ===================='
        self.install_cmd('{path}/bin/mysqld_safe --user={user} &'.format(path=self.install_path, user=self.acc))
        print '
'
        time.sleep(5)
        rests = self.install_cmd('netstat -an | grep 3306 >/dev/null')
        if rests == 0:
            pass
        else:
            return False
        self.install_cmd('/bin/cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld')
        self.install_cmd('chmod 700 /etc/init.d/mysqld')
        self.install_cmd('chkconfig --add mysqld && chkconfig mysqld on')
        if self.install_check() == False:
            return False
        else:
            print '#INFO 33[1;32mMySQL installation was successful.33[0m'
 
 
    def main(self):
        ret = MySQL_init()
        if ret.MySQL_download() == False:
            print '33[1;31m#INFO ==========> MySQL 安装包下载失败33[0m.'
            sys.exit(1)
        elif ret.MySQL_add_acc() == False:
            print '33[1;31m#INFO ==========> MySQL 账号创建失败33[0m.'
            sys.exit(2)
        elif ret.MySQL_conf_env() == False:
            print '33[1;31m#INFO ==========> MySQL 安装环境配置失败33[0m.'
            sys.exit(3)
        elif ret.MySQL_install() == False:
            print '33[1;31m#INFO ==========> MySQL 安装失败33[0m.'
            sys.exit(4)
        elif ret.MySQL_env_init() == False:
            print '33[1;31m#INFO ==========> MySQL 初始化失败33[0m.'
            sys.exit(4)
        elif ret.MySQL_boot() == False:
            print '33[1;31m#INFO ==========> MySQL 启动失败33[0m.'
            sys.exit(5)
 
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    val = MySQL_init()
    val.main()

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/opsedu/p/5714039.html