git 笔记

centos 安装git：

yum install git git-core

repository 仓库，设置全局用户名以及邮箱。

git config --global user.name "yourname"
git config --global user.email "xxx@xxx.com"

git init  #初始化本地仓库。如果当前目录没有.git目录则创建。.git就是当前目录的版本仓库。
git add .  #添加当前目录到版本地.git库
git commit -m “要提交的说明” 提交当前目录的文件到版本库

如果不是在某一个仓库的话，git status 查不到.git版本仓库，是没有作用的。

[root@localhost home]# git status
fatal: Not a git repository (or any of the parent directories): .git #便是在当前目录下没有找到叫.git repository（仓库）

进入到某一个你创建的仓库：

[root@localhost text_repo]# git status
# On branch master
#
# Initial commit
#
# Changes to be committed:
#   (use "git rm --cached <file>..." to unstage)
#
#       new file:   HEAD
#       new file:   config
#       new file:   description
#       new file:   hooks/applypatch-msg.sample
#       new file:   hooks/commit-msg.sample
#       new file:   hooks/post-commit.sample
#       new file:   hooks/post-receive.sample
#       new file:   hooks/post-update.sample
#       new file:   hooks/pre-applypatch.sample
#       new file:   hooks/pre-commit.sample
#       new file:   hooks/pre-rebase.sample
#       new file:   hooks/prepare-commit-msg.sample
#       new file:   hooks/update.sample
#       new file:   info/exclude
#       new file:   readme.txt
#
[root@localhost text_repo]# pwd
/home/git/repo/text_repo
[root@localhost text_repo]# 

git 访问本地磁盘的仓库是依次递归访问

[root@localhost text_repo]# strace -e 'trace=file' git status
execve("/usr/bin/git", ["git", "status"], [/* 29 vars */]) = 0
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK)      = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY)      = 3
open("/lib64/libz.so.1", O_RDONLY)      = 3
open("/lib64/libpthread.so.0", O_RDONLY) = 3
open("/lib64/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY)      = 3
getcwd("/home/git/repo/text_repo", 4096) = 25
stat(".git", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0775, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0
access(".git/objects", X_OK)            = 0
access(".git/refs", X_OK)               = 0
lstat(".git/HEAD", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0664, st_size=23, ...}) = 0
open(".git/HEAD", O_RDONLY)             = 3
access("/etc/gitconfig", R_OK)          = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/root/.gitconfig", R_OK)        = 0
open("/root/.gitconfig", O_RDONLY)      = 3
stat(".git", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0775, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0
access(".git/config", R_OK)             = 0
open(".git/config", O_RDONLY)           = 3
access("/etc/gitconfig", R_OK)          = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/root/.gitconfig", R_OK)        = 0
open("/root/.gitconfig", O_RDONLY)      = 3
access(".git/config", R_OK)             = 0
open(".git/config", O_RDONLY)           = 3
stat(".git", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0775, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0
getcwd("/home/git/repo/text_repo", 1024) = 25
chdir(".git")                           = 0
getcwd("/home/git/repo/text_repo/.git", 4096) = 30
lstat("/home/git/repo/text_repo/.git", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0775, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0
chdir("/home/git/repo/text_repo")       = 0
chdir("/home/git/repo/text_repo")       = 0
lstat(".git/HEAD", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0664, st_size=23, ...}) = 0
open(".git/HEAD", O_RDONLY)             = 3
lstat(".git/refs/heads/master", 0x7fffbc770b10) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open(".git/packed-refs", O_RDONLY)      = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/etc/gitconfig", R_OK)          = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/root/.gitconfig", R_OK)        = 0
open("/root/.gitconfig", O_RDONLY)      = 3
access(".git/config", R_OK)             = 0
open(".git/config", O_RDONLY)           = 3
lstat(".git/MERGE_HEAD", 0x7fffbc771c80) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open(".git/index", O_RDONLY)            = 3
lstat("HEAD", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0664, st_size=23, ...}) = 0
lstat("config", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0664, st_size=66, ...}) = 0
lstat("description", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0664, st_size=73, ...}) = 0
lstat("hooks/applypatch-msg.sample", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0775, st_size=452, ...}) = 0
lstat("hooks/commit-msg.sample", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0775, st_size=896, ...}) = 0
lstat("hooks/post-commit.sample", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0775, st_size=160, ...}) = 0
lstat("hooks/post-receive.sample", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0775, st_size=548, ...}) = 0
lstat("hooks/post-update.sample", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0775, st_size=189, ...}) = 0
lstat("hooks/pre-applypatch.sample", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0775, st_size=398, ...}) = 0
lstat("hooks/pre-commit.sample", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0775, st_size=1578, ...}) = 0
lstat("hooks/pre-rebase.sample", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0775, st_size=4951, ...}) = 0
lstat("hooks/prepare-commit-msg.sample", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0775, st_size=1239, ...}) = 0
lstat("hooks/update.sample", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0775, st_size=3611, ...}) = 0
lstat("info/exclude", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0664, st_size=240, ...}) = 0
lstat("readme.txt", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0664, st_size=12, ...}) = 0
lstat(".git/HEAD", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0664, st_size=23, ...}) = 0
open(".git/HEAD", O_RDONLY)             = 3
lstat(".git/refs/heads/master", 0x7fffbc76f850) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
lstat(".git/refs/HEAD", 0x7fffbc76f850) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
lstat(".git/refs/tags/HEAD", 0x7fffbc76f850) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
lstat(".git/refs/heads/HEAD", 0x7fffbc76f850) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
lstat(".git/refs/remotes/HEAD", 0x7fffbc76f850) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
lstat(".git/refs/remotes/HEAD/HEAD", 0x7fffbc76f850) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access(".git/info/exclude", R_OK)       = 0
open(".git/info/exclude", O_RDONLY)     = 3
open(".", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
open(".gitignore", O_RDONLY)            = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("hooks/", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC) = 4
open("hooks/.gitignore", O_RDONLY)      = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("branches/", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC) = 4
open("info/", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC) = 4
open("info/.gitignore", O_RDONLY)       = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("refs/", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC) = 4
open("refs/.gitignore", O_RDONLY)       = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("refs/tags/", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC) = 5
open("refs/heads/", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC) = 5
open("objects/", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC) = 4
open("objects/.gitignore", O_RDONLY)    = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("objects/pack/", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC) = 5
open("objects/info/", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC) = 5
# On branch master
#
# Initial commit
#
# Changes to be committed:
#   (use "git rm --cached <file>..." to unstage)
#
#       new file:   HEAD
#       new file:   config
#       new file:   description
#       new file:   hooks/applypatch-msg.sample
#       new file:   hooks/commit-msg.sample
#       new file:   hooks/post-commit.sample
#       new file:   hooks/post-receive.sample
#       new file:   hooks/post-update.sample
#       new file:   hooks/pre-applypatch.sample
#       new file:   hooks/pre-commit.sample
#       new file:   hooks/pre-rebase.sample
#       new file:   hooks/prepare-commit-msg.sample
#       new file:   hooks/update.sample
#       new file:   info/exclude
#       new file:   readme.txt
#
[root@localhost text_repo]#

查找git版本仓库的路径：git rev-parse --git-dir

[root@localhost b]# git rev-parse --git-dir
/home/git/demo/.git
[root@localhost b]# pwd
/home/git/demo/a/b
[root@localhost b]#

查找git版本的工作目录：git rev-parse --show-toplevel

[root@localhost b]# git rev-parse --show-toplevel
/home/git/demo
[root@localhost b]# pwd
/home/git/demo/a/b
[root@localhost b]#

查找工作目录相对的工作目录：git rev-parse --show-prefix

[root@localhost b]# git rev-parse --show-prefix
a/b/
[root@localhost b]# pwd
/home/git/demo/a/b
[root@localhost b]#

显示从当前目录cd后退up到git根目录的深度：git rev-parse --show-cdup

[root@localhost b]# ls
c
[root@localhost b]# git rev-parse --show-cdup
../../
[root@localhost b]# pwd
/home/git/demo/a/b
[root@localhost b]#

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git config 对.git仓库版本进行编辑。

三个配置文件。
.git 下的config 是版本库的配置文件。
/home/.gitconfig 或者/root/.gitconfig在家目录下，是全局配置文件。
/etc/gitconfig 系统配置配置文件。
以上三者优先级顺序： .git 下config ----------> 全局配置文件 .gitconfig ---------------->系统配置文件/etc/gitconfig

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git config -e 是对根目录.git下的config进行编辑。

[git@localhost text_repo]$ git  config -e  

[core]
        repositoryformatversion = 0
        filemode = true
        bare = false
        logallrefupdates = true

git 对全局配置文件进行编辑git config -e --global。

[root@localhost ~]# git config -e --global

[user]
        name = osxlinux
        email = osx1260@163.com
[color]
        ui = true

对系统配置文件进行编辑。

[root@localhost ~]# git config --system alias.st status
[root@localhost ~]# git config --system alias.br branch
[root@localhost ~]# git config --system alias.co checkout
[root@localhost ~]# git config --system alias.ci commit

git config -e --system
[root@localhost ~]# git config -e --system

[alias]
        ci = commit
        co = checkout
        br = branch
        st = status

查看某一个参数的配置：

[root@localhost text_repo]# git config core.bare
false
[root@localhost text_repo]# git config core.filemode
true
[root@localhost text_repo]# 
[root@localhost text_repo]# git config -e

[core]
        repositoryformatversion = 0
        filemode = true
        bare = false
        logallrefupdates = true