0x01 前言
在php官网下载php-5.6.19.tar.gz源代码（php7虽然说性能提升很大，但是小菜菜还是先用着这个先吧），解压后根目录有个INSTALL文件，里面有安装教程了，目录如下：
Installing PHP
__________________________________________________________________
* General Installation Considerations
* Installation on Unix systems
+ Apache 1.3.x on Unix systems
+ Apache 2.x on Unix systems
+ Lighttpd 1.4 on Unix systems
+ Sun, iPlanet and Netscape servers on Sun Solaris
+ CGI and command line setups
+ HP-UX specific installation notes
+ OpenBSD installation notes
+ Solaris specific installation tips
+ Debian GNU/Linux installation notes
* Installation on Mac OS X
+ Using Packages
+ Using the bundled PHP
+ Compiling PHP on Mac OS X
* Installation of PECL extensions
+ Introduction to PECL Installations
+ Downloading PECL extensions
+ Installing a PHP extension on Windows
+ Compiling shared PECL extensions with the pecl command
+ Compiling shared PECL extensions with phpize
+ php-config
+ Compiling PECL extensions statically into PHP
* Problems?
+ Read the FAQ
+ Other problems
+ Bug reports
* Runtime Configuration
+ The configuration file
+ .user.ini files
+ Where a configuration setting may be set
+ How to change configuration settings
* Installation
__________________________________________________________________
对应你当前的系统，查看相应的内容，当前我的环境应该参考Apache 2.x on Unix systems这部分
Apache 2.x on Unix systems
This section contains notes and hints specific to Apache 2.x installs
of PHP on Unix systems.
Warning
We do not recommend using a threaded MPM in production with Apache 2.
Use the prefork MPM, which is the default MPM with Apache 2.0 and 2.2.
For information on why, read the related FAQ entry on using Apache2
with a threaded MPM
The » Apache Documentation is the most authoritative source of
information on the Apache 2.x server. More information about
installation options for Apache may be found there.
The most recent version of Apache HTTP Server may be obtained from
» Apache download site, and a fitting PHP version from the above
mentioned places. This quick guide covers only the basics to get
started with Apache 2.x and PHP. For more information read the » Apache
Documentation. The version numbers have been omitted here, to ensure
the instructions are not incorrect. In the examples below, 'NN' should
be replaced with the specific version of Apache being used.
There are currently two versions of Apache 2.x - there's 2.0 and 2.2.
While there are various reasons for choosing each, 2.2 is the current
latest version, and the one that is recommended, if that option is
available to you. However, the instructions here will work for either
2.0 or 2.2.
1. Obtain the Apache HTTP server from the location listed above, and
unpack it:
gzip -d httpd-2_x_NN.tar.gz
tar -xf httpd-2_x_NN.tar
2. Likewise, obtain and unpack the PHP source:
gunzip php-NN.tar.gz
tar -xf php-NN.tar
3. Build and install Apache. Consult the Apache install documentation
for more details on building Apache.
cd httpd-2_x_NN
./configure --enable-so
make
make install
4. Now you have Apache 2.x.NN available under /usr/local/apache2,
configured with loadable module support and the standard MPM
prefork. To test the installation use your normal procedure for
starting the Apache server, e.g.:
/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start
and stop the server to go on with the configuration for PHP:
/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl stop
5. Now, configure and build PHP. This is where you customize PHP with 这里开始就是php的安装，上面说的都是apache
various options, like which extensions will be enabled. Run
./configure --help for a list of available options. In our example
we'll do a simple configure with Apache 2 and MySQL support.
If you built Apache from source, as described above, the below
example will match your path for apxs, but if you installed Apache
some other way, you'll need to adjust the path to apxs accordingly.
Note that some distros may rename apxs to apxs2.
cd ../php-NN
./configure --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs --with-mysql
make
make install
If you decide to change your configure options after installation,
you'll need to re-run the configure, make, and make install steps. 如果需要改变设置就重新安装
You only need to restart apache for the new module to take effect.
A recompile of Apache is not needed.
Note that unless told otherwise, 'make install' will also install
PEAR, various PHP tools such as phpize, install the PHP CLI, and
more.
6. Setup your php.ini
cp php.ini-development /usr/local/lib/php.ini
You may edit your .ini file to set PHP options. If you prefer
having php.ini in another location, use
--with-config-file-path=/some/path in step 5. 自定义配置文件路径
If you instead choose php.ini-production, be certain to read the
list of changes within, as they affect how PHP behaves.
7. Edit your httpd.conf to load the PHP module. The path on the right
hand side of the LoadModule statement must point to the path of the
PHP module on your system. The make install from above may have
already added this for you, but be sure to check.
LoadModule php5_module modules/libphp5.so 在httpd配置文件中添加语句加载php模块
8. Tell Apache to parse certain extensions as PHP. For example, let's
have Apache parse .php files as PHP. Instead of only using the
Apache AddType directive, we want to avoid potentially dangerous 只使用AddType指令具有潜在危险
uploads and created files such as exploit.php.jpg from being
executed as PHP. Using this example, you could have any
extension(s) parse as PHP by simply adding them. We'll add .php to
demonstrate.
<FilesMatch .php$> 正则表达式，匹配所有“.php”结尾的文件名
SetHandler application/x-httpd-php
</FilesMatch>
Or, if we wanted to allow .php, .php2, .php3, .php4, .php5, .php6,
and .phtml files to be executed as PHP, but nothing else, we'd use
this:
<FilesMatch ".ph(p[2-6]?|tml)$">
SetHandler application/x-httpd-php
</FilesMatch>
And to allow .phps files to be handled by the php source filter,
and displayed as syntax-highlighted source code, use this:
<FilesMatch ".phps$">
SetHandler application/x-httpd-php-source
</FilesMatch>
mod_rewrite may be used To allow any arbitrary .php file to be
displayed as syntax-highlighted source code, without having to
rename or copy it to a .phps file:
RewriteEngine On
RewriteRule (.*.php)s$ $1 [H=application/x-httpd-php-source]
The php source filter should not be enabled on production systems,
where it may expose confidential or otherwise sensitive information
embedded in source code.
9. Use your normal procedure for starting the Apache server, e.g.:
/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start
OR
service httpd restart
Following the steps above you will have a running Apache2 web server
with support for PHP as a SAPI module. Of course there are many more
configuration options available Apache and PHP. For more information
type ./configure --help in the corresponding source tree.
Apache may be built multithreaded by selecting the worker MPM, rather
than the standard prefork MPM, when Apache is built. This is done by
adding the following option to the argument passed to ./configure, in
step 3 above:
--with-mpm=worker
This should not be undertaken without being aware of the consequences
of this decision, and having at least a fair understanding of the
implications. The Apache documentation regarding » MPM-Modules
discusses MPMs in a great deal more detail.
Note:
The Apache MultiViews FAQ discusses using multiviews with PHP.
Note:
To build a multithreaded version of Apache, the target system must
support threads. In this case, PHP should also be built with
experimental Zend Thread Safety (ZTS). Under this configuration, not
all extensions will be available. The recommended setup is to build
Apache with the default prefork MPM-Module.
__________________________________________________________________
0x02 php编译选项
具体参数含义可以用./configure --help来查看。源自 http://blog.csdn.net/niluchen/article/details/41513217，还有一个官方的文档参考http://php.net/manual/zh/configure.about.php
列表如下（部分参数未得到解释）：
# 指定 php 安装目录
--prefix=/usr/local/php
# 指定php.ini位置
--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc
# mysql安装目录，对mysql的支持
--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql
mysqli扩展技术不仅可以调用MySQL的存储过程、处理MySQL事务，而且还可以使访问数据库工作变得更加稳定。
--with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config
整合 apache，apxs功能是使用mod_so中的LoadModule指令，加载指定模块到 apache，要求 apache 要打开SO模块
--with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs
# 选项指令 --with-iconv-dir 用于 PHP 编译时指定 iconv 在系统里的路径，否则会扫描默认路径。
--with-iconv-dir=/usr/local
--with-freetype-dir 打开对freetype字体库的支持
--with-jpeg-dir 打开对jpeg图片的支持
--with-png-dir 打开对png图片的支持
--with-zlib-dir 打开zlib库的支持，用于http压缩传输
--with-libxml-dir 打开libxml2库的支持
--disable-rpath 关闭额外的运行库文件
--enable-bcmath 打开图片大小调整,用到zabbix监控的时候用到了这个模块
--enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem 这样就使得你的PHP系统可以处理相关的IPC函数了。
--enable-inline-optimization 优化线程
--with-curl 打开curl浏览工具的支持
--with-curlwrappers 运用curl工具打开url流
--enable-mbregex
--enable-fpm 打上PHP-fpm 补丁后才有这个参数，CGI方式安装的启动程序
--enable-mbstring 多字节，字符串的支持
--with-mcrypt mcrypt算法扩展
--with-mhash mhash算法扩展
--with-gd 打开gd库的支持
--enable-gd-native-ttf 支持TrueType字符串函数库
--with-openssl openssl的支持，加密传输https时用到的
--enable-pcntl freeTDS需要用到的，可能是链接mssql 才用到
--enable-sockets 打开 sockets 支持
--with-xmlrpc 打开xml-rpc的c语言
--enable-zip 打开对zip的支持
--enable-ftp 打开ftp的支持
--with-bz2 打开对bz2文件的支持
--without-iconv 关闭iconv函数，字符集间的转换
--with-ttf 打开freetype1.*的支持，可以不加了
--with-xsl 打开XSLT 文件支持，扩展了libXML2库 ，需要libxslt软件
--with-gettext 打开gnu 的gettext 支持，编码库用到
--with-pear 打开pear命令的支持，PHP扩展用的
--enable-calendar 打开日历扩展功能
--enable-exif 图片的元数据支持
--enable-magic-quotes 魔术引用的支持
--disable-debug 关闭调试模式
--with-mime-magic=/usr/share/file/magic.mime 魔术头文件位置
CGI方式安装才用的参数
--enable-fastCGI 支持fastcgi方式启动PHP
--enable-force-CGI-redirect 重定向方式启动PHP
--with-ncurses 支持ncurses 屏幕绘制以及基于文本终端的图形互动功能的动态库
--with-gmp 应该是支持一种规范
--enable-dbase 建立DBA 作为共享模块
--with-pcre-dir=/usr/local/bin/pcre-config perl的正则库案安装位置
--disable-dmalloc
--with-gdbm dba的gdbm支持
--enable-sigchild
--enable-sysvshm
--enable-zend-multibyte 支持zend的多字节
--enable-wddx
--enable-soap
0x03 安装过程
[root@localhost php-5.6.19]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql/ --with-openssl --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --enable-mbstring --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir --enable-xml --enable-sockets --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs --with-config-file-path=/etc --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d --with-bz2 --enable-maintainer-zts
1、按照上面选项编译报错
checking libxml2 install dir... yes
checking for xml2-config path...
configure: error: xml2-config not found. Please check your libxml2 installation.
显示内容是xml2-config找不到，发现libxml2已经安装但是安装文件没有xml2-config，安装libxml2-devel后
[root@localhost php-5.6.19]# rpm -ql libxml2-devel
/usr/bin/xml2-config
……
2、继续编译，报错如下
checking for BZip2 support... yes
checking for BZip2 in default path... not found
configure: error: Please reinstall the BZip2 distribution
安装bzip2-devel
[root@localhost php-5.6.19]# yum install bzip2-devel
3、继续编译，报错如下
checking for specified location of the MySQL UNIX socket... no
configure: error: Cannot find libmysqlclient_r under /usr/local/mysql/.
Note that the MySQL client library is not bundled anymore!
对于这个问题有个比较久远的帖子 http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-10697776-id-2935536.html有提及，这个方法我没有测试，另一种说就是因为64位的linux的lib路径有问题加上--with-libdir=lib的编译选项，这个试过加上也是同样的编译报错。
最终找到一个可行的办法就是，编译之前，先处理一下mysql的库，默认查找libmysqlclient_r.so，可是mysql默认为libmysqlclient.so，内容完全一样，做个链接即可
# cd /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql/
# ln -s libmysqlclient.so.15.0.0 libmysqlclient_r.so
最后成功解决，可以make了，视个人系统环境不同，可能编译出错也不同，其时就是少什么库，就安装什么，对于编译错误找到一个总结比较好的帖子http://www.cnblogs.com/alexqdh/archive/2012/11/20/2776017.html
Generating files
configure: creating ./config.status
creating main/internal_functions.c
creating main/internal_functions_cli.c
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| License: |
| This software is subject to the PHP License, available in this |
| distribution in the file LICENSE. By continuing this installation |
| process, you are bound by the terms of this license agreement. |
| If you do not agree with the terms of this license, you must abort |
| the installation process at this point. |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
Thank you for using PHP.
config.status: creating php5.spec
config.status: creating main/build-defs.h
config.status: creating scripts/phpize
config.status: creating scripts/man1/phpize.1
config.status: creating scripts/php-config
config.status: creating scripts/man1/php-config.1
config.status: creating sapi/cli/php.1
config.status: creating sapi/cgi/php-cgi.1
config.status: creating ext/phar/phar.1
config.status: creating ext/phar/phar.phar.1
config.status: creating main/php_config.h
config.status: executing default commands
make 完成之后，信息提示如下：
Generating phar.php
Generating phar.phar
PEAR package PHP_Archive not installed: generated phar will require PHP's phar extension be enabled.
clicommand.inc
directorytreeiterator.inc
invertedregexiterator.inc
directorygraphiterator.inc
pharcommand.inc
phar.inc
Build complete.
Don't forget to run 'make test'.
最终make install 安装完成
[root@localhost php-5.6.19]# make install
Installing PHP SAPI module: apache2handler
/usr/local/apache2/build/instdso.sh SH_LIBTOOL='/usr/local/apr/build-1/libtool' libphp5.la /usr/local/apache2/modules
/usr/local/apr/build-1/libtool --mode=install install libphp5.la /usr/local/apache2/modules/
libtool: install: install .libs/libphp5.so /usr/local/apache2/modules/libphp5.so
libtool: install: install .libs/libphp5.lai /usr/local/apache2/modules/libphp5.la
libtool: install: warning: remember to run `libtool --finish /usr/local/src/php-5.6.19/libs'
chmod 755 /usr/local/apache2/modules/libphp5.so
[activating module `php5' in /etc/httpd/httpd.conf]
Installing shared extensions: /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-zts-20131226/
Installing PHP CLI binary: /usr/local/php/bin/
Installing PHP CLI man page: /usr/local/php/php/man/man1/
Installing PHP CGI binary: /usr/local/php/bin/
Installing PHP CGI man page: /usr/local/php/php/man/man1/
Installing build environment: /usr/local/php/lib/php/build/
Installing header files: /usr/local/php/include/php/
Installing helper programs: /usr/local/php/bin/
program: phpize
program: php-config
Installing man pages: /usr/local/php/php/man/man1/
page: phpize.1
page: php-config.1
Installing PEAR environment: /usr/local/php/lib/php/
[PEAR] Archive_Tar - installed: 1.4.0
[PEAR] Console_Getopt - installed: 1.4.1
[PEAR] Structures_Graph- installed: 1.1.1
[PEAR] XML_Util - installed: 1.3.0
[PEAR] PEAR - installed: 1.10.1
Wrote PEAR system config file at: /usr/local/php/etc/pear.conf
You may want to add: /usr/local/php/lib/php to your php.ini include_path
/usr/local/src/php-5.6.19/build/shtool install -c ext/phar/phar.phar /usr/local/php/bin
ln -s -f phar.phar /usr/local/php/bin/phar
Installing PDO headers: /usr/local/php/include/php/ext/pdo/
0x03 后续工作
查看apache配置文件，发现已经加载了php模块
LoadModule alias_module modules/mod_alias.so
#LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so
LoadModule php5_module modules/libphp5.so
在apache安装目录下modules里面有php安装后新增的libphp5.so
[root@localhost php-5.6.19]# ll /usr/local/apache2/modules/libphp5.so
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 34524225 3月 7 00:12 /usr/local/apache2/modules/libphp5.so
以上即可说明php已经正常安装
1、在apache配置文件添加以下语句，实现php文件调用php模块解析
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
2、复制php源码根目录下的配置文件到/etc
cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini
至此php已经可以正常工作了
0x04 测试
因为apache编译安装的网页文件目录为/usr/local/apache2/htdocs
在其中新增php文件测试能否正常解析，新增经典测试语句
[root@localhost php-5.6.19]# cat /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/phpinfo.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
测试正常