【iOS开发】多线程下NSOperation、NSBlockOperation、NSInvocationOperation、NSOperationQueue的使用

http://blog.csdn.net/crycheng/article/details/21799611

本篇文章主要介绍下多线程下NSOperation、NSBlockOperation、NSInvocationOperation、NSOperationQueue的使用，列举几个简单的例子。

默认情况下，NSOperation并不具备封装操作的能力，必须使用它的子类，使用NSOperation子类的方式有3种：

1> 自定义子类继承NSOperation，实现内部相应的方法

2> NSBlockOperation

3>NSInvocationOperation

这讲先介绍如何用NSOperation封装一个操作，后面再结合NSOperationQueue来使用。

1.首先介绍自定义NSOperation：

NSOperation是没法直接使用的，它只是提供了一个工作的基本逻辑，具体实现还是需要你通过定义自己的NSOperation子类来获得。

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@protocol NSDefineOprationDelegate <NSObject>

- (void) handleDelegate;

@end

@interface NSDefineOpration : NSOperation

@property (nonatomic, assign) id <NSDefineOprationDelegate> delegate;

- (id)initWithDelegate:(id<NSDefineOprationDelegate>) delegate;
@end

实现文件里：

#import "NSDefineOpration.h"

@implementation NSDefineOpration

- (id)initWithDelegate:(id<NSDefineOprationDelegate>) delegate
{
    if(self = [super init])
    {
        self.delegate = delegate;
    }
    return self;
}

- (void)main
{
    @autoreleasepool {
        //do something
        sleep(15);
        NSLog(@"op1........handle......  on thread num :%@",[NSThread currentThread]);

        if([self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(handleDelegate)])
        {
            [self.delegate performSelector:@selector(handleDelegate) withObject:nil];
        }
    }

}

@end

这里的sleep（15）主要用来做一些延时的操作，比如网络下载等。
调用：

- (void)oprationTest
{
    NSDefineOpration *op1 = [[NSDefineOpration alloc] initWithDelegate:self];
    op1.completionBlock = ^(){
        NSLog(@"op1........OK !!");
    };
    [op1 start];
}

执行结果：

2014-03-22 16:49:44.367 Operation[17353:60b] op1........handle......  on thread num :<NSThread: 0x1654ea20>{name = (null), num = 1}
2014-03-22 16:49:49.373 Operation[17353:60b] op1.....callback.....  on thread num :<NSThread: 0x1654ea20>{name = (null), num = 1}
2014-03-22 16:49:49.377 Operation[17353:1807] op1........OK !!

从执行结果可以看出，因为在实现的main函数里没有使用异步线程处理，导致直接阻塞了主线程1，所以使用这种方式一定注意main函数里操作时间过长导致主线程阻塞问题。耗时比较长的都放到其他线程里处理。

2.接下来介绍NSBlockOperation

第一种使用NSBlockOperation的方式：

 

NSLog(@"block start");
NSBlockOperation *bop2 = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
    sleep(15);
    NSLog(@"bop2.....handle..... on thread num%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
}];
[bop2 setCompletionBlock:^{
    NSLog(@"bop2........OK !!");
}];
[bop2 start];

* 第2行初始化了一个NSBlockOperation对象，它是用一个Block来封装需要执行的操作

* 第9行调用了start方法，紧接着会马上执行Block中的内容

看下执行结果：

2014-03-22 16:57:51.903 Operation[17374:60b] block start
2014-03-22 16:58:06.908 Operation[17374:60b] bop2.....handle..... on thread num<NSThread: 0x16d83910>{name = (null), num = 1}
2014-03-22 16:58:06.912 Operation[17374:360b] bop2........OK !!

* 这里还是在当前线程同步执行操作，并没有异步执行，阻塞主线程。

第二种使用NSBlockOperation的方式：

- (void)blockOprationTest
{
    NSLog(@"block start");
    NSBlockOperation * op2 = [[NSBlockOperation alloc] init];
    [op2 addExecutionBlock:^{
        sleep(10);
        NSLog(@"op2.....handle..... on 10 hread num%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
    }];

    [op2 addExecutionBlock:^{
        sleep(6);
        NSLog(@"op2.....handle..... on 6 thread num%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
    }];

    [op2 addExecutionBlock:^{
        sleep(4);
        NSLog(@"op2.....handle..... on 4 thread num%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
    }];

    [op2 addExecutionBlock:^{
        sleep(8);
        NSLog(@"op2.....handle..... on 8 thread num%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
    }];

    [op2 addExecutionBlock:^{
        sleep(1);
        NSLog(@"op2.....handle..... on 1 thread num%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
    }];
    [op2 setCompletionBlock:^{
        NSLog(@"op2........OK !!");
    }];
    [op2 start];

    //bop2
    NSBlockOperation *bop2 = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
        sleep(15);
        NSLog(@"bop2.....handle..... on thread num%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
    }];
    [bop2 setCompletionBlock:^{
        NSLog(@"bop2........OK !!");
    }];
    [bop2 start];
}

执行结果：

2014-03-22 17:02:56.027 Operation[17396:60b] block start
2014-03-22 17:03:02.032 Operation[17396:1803] op2.....handle..... on 6 thread num<NSThread: 0x17573400>{name = (null), num = 2}
2014-03-22 17:03:06.032 Operation[17396:60b] op2.....handle..... on 10 hread num<NSThread: 0x1755eca0>{name = (null), num = 1}
2014-03-22 17:03:06.035 Operation[17396:1803] op2.....handle..... on 4 thread num<NSThread: 0x17573400>{name = (null), num = 2}
2014-03-22 17:03:07.038 Operation[17396:1803] op2.....handle..... on 1 thread num<NSThread: 0x17573400>{name = (null), num = 2}
2014-03-22 17:03:14.035 Operation[17396:60b] op2.....handle..... on 8 thread num<NSThread: 0x1755eca0>{name = (null), num = 1}
2014-03-22 17:03:14.037 Operation[17396:1807] op2........OK !!
2014-03-22 17:03:29.038 Operation[17396:60b] bop2.....handle..... on thread num<NSThread: 0x1755eca0>{name = (null), num = 1}
2014-03-22 17:03:29.041 Operation[17396:180b] bop2........OK !!

分析下结果：

首先看到了有1和2两个线程，线程2在56秒的时候开始执行6秒的操作，接下来执行4，1秒结束时间为07秒。线程1在56的时候开始执行10秒的操作，接下来执行8秒，结束时间为14秒。最后执行Bop2的15秒操作至29秒。时间看起来没有问题。为什么会启用2个线程而不是3个或者更多？

3.接下来介绍NSInvocationOperation

- (void)invocationOperation
{
    NSInvocationOperation * op3 = [[NSInvocationOperation alloc] initWithTarget:(id)self selector:@selector(handleInvoOpDelegate) object:nil];
    [op3 setCompletionBlock:^{
        NSLog(@"op3........OK !!");
    }];
    [op3 start];
}

selector函数：

- (void)handleInvoOpD
{
    sleep(5);
    NSLog(@"op3.....handle.....  on thread num :%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
}

执行结果：

 

2014-03-22 17:11:13.050 Operation[17421:60b] op3.....handle.....  on thread num :<NSThread: 0x1653ac30>{name = (null), num = 1}
2014-03-22 17:11:13.055 Operation[17421:1803] op3........OK !!

NSInvocationOperation比较简单，就是继承了NSOperation，区别就是它是基于一个对象和selector来创建操作，可以直接使用而不需继承来实现自己的操作处理。

4.最后介绍下NSOperationQueue

把NSOperation子类的对象放入NSOperationQueue队列中，该队列就会启动并开始处理它。队列里可以加入很多个NSOperation, 可以把NSOperationQueue看作一个线程池，可往线程池中添加操作（NSOperation）到队列中。线程池中的线程可看作消费者，从队列中取走操作，并执行它。

实现demo：

- (void)handleOpqueue
{
    NSOperationQueue *qu = [[NSOperationQueue alloc] init];

    NSBlockOperation * bkOp1 = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
        sleep(10);
        NSLog(@"bkOp1.....handle.....on thread num%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
    }];
    [bkOp1 setCompletionBlock:^{
        NSLog(@"bkOp1........OK !!");
    }];


    NSBlockOperation * bkOp2 = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
        sleep(2);
        NSLog(@"bkOp2.....handle.....on thread num%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
    }];
    [bkOp2 setCompletionBlock:^{
        NSLog(@"bkOp2........OK !!");
    }];

    NSBlockOperation * bkOp3 = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
        sleep(1);
        NSLog(@"bkOp3.....handle.....on thread num%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
    }];
    [bkOp3 setCompletionBlock:^{
        NSLog(@"bkOp3........OK !!");
    }];

    NSBlockOperation * bkOp4 = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
        sleep(10);
        NSLog(@"bkOp4.....handle.....on thread num%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
    }];
    [bkOp4 setCompletionBlock:^{
        NSLog(@"bkOp4........OK !!");
    }];

    NSBlockOperation * bkOp5 = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
        sleep(5);
        NSLog(@"bkOp5.....handle.....on thread num%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
    }];
    [bkOp5 setQueuePriority:NSOperationQueuePriorityHigh];
    [bkOp5 setCompletionBlock:^{
        NSLog(@"bkOp5........OK !!");
    }];

    NSInvocationOperation *invoOp6 = [[NSInvocationOperation alloc] initWithTarget:(id)self selector:@selector(handleInvoOp) object:nil];
    [invoOp6 setCompletionBlock:^{
        NSLog(@"invoOp6........OK !!");
    }];
    [invoOp6 setQueuePriority:NSOperationQueuePriorityHigh];

    [qu setMaxConcurrentOperationCount:2];
    [qu addOperation:bkOp3];
    [qu addOperation:bkOp2];
    [qu addOperation:bkOp1];
    [qu addOperation:bkOp4];
    [qu addOperation:bkOp5];
    [qu addOperation:invoOp6];
}

先看下执行结果：

2014-03-22 17:18:36.634 Operation[17439:1803] bkOp3.....handle.....on thread num<NSThread: 0x1754c450>{name = (null), num = 2}
2014-03-22 17:18:36.638 Operation[17439:1803] bkOp3........OK !!
2014-03-22 17:18:37.635 Operation[17439:3607] bkOp2.....handle.....on thread num<NSThread: 0x1765a320>{name = (null), num = 3}
2014-03-22 17:18:37.637 Operation[17439:3607] bkOp2........OK !!
2014-03-22 17:18:41.640 Operation[17439:3d07] bkOp5.....handle.....on thread num<NSThread: 0x17562d10>{name = (null), num = 4}
2014-03-22 17:18:41.642 Operation[17439:3d07] bkOp5........OK !!
2014-03-22 17:18:42.639 Operation[17439:1803] invoOp6.....handle.....  on thread num :<NSThread: 0x1754c450>{name = (null), num = 2}
2014-03-22 17:18:42.643 Operation[17439:1803] invoOp6........OK !!
2014-03-22 17:18:51.644 Operation[17439:3607] bkOp1.....handle.....on thread num<NSThread: 0x1765a320>{name = (null), num = 3}
2014-03-22 17:18:51.646 Operation[17439:3607] bkOp1........OK !!
2014-03-22 17:18:52.645 Operation[17439:3d07] bkOp4.....handle.....on thread num<NSThread: 0x17562d10>{name = (null), num = 4}
2014-03-22 17:18:52.647 Operation[17439:3d07] bkOp4........OK !!

从结果可以看出，NSOperationQueue在2，3，4这3个线程里去处理NSOperation，而不包括主线程1。此外，在设置了bkop5以及invOp6的优先级为高时，他们会优先执行，当然这个优先时相对，是相对正在排队的，不包括已经正在执行的。

总结：NSOperation、NSBlockOperation、NSInvocationOperation、NSOperationQueue都比较简单，NSOperation、NSBlockOperation、NSInvocationOperation单个都是表示一种操作，而NSOperationQueue是一个可以包含多个NSOperation的队列，可以自己在多个线程处理，只要加入队列之后，我们就不用去操作，直到Callback或者完成。

参考资料：

http://blog.csdn.net/totogo2010/article/details/8013316

http://www.cnblogs.com/mjios/archive/2013/04/19/3029765.html