http同步请求 一般使用httpClient实现
private void sendRequest() throws Exception{ String path ="/statistic/info"; CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault(); // 创建一个 GET 请求 HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(path); // 执行请求 CloseableHttpResponse response =httpClient.execute(httpGet); //取响应的结果 int statusCode =response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(); System.out.println(statusCode); String content = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8"); System.out.println(content); //关闭httpclient response.close(); httpClient.close(); }
http异步请求
1.通过httpAsncClient实现
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet; import org.apache.http.concurrent.FutureCallback; import org.apache.http.impl.nio.client.CloseableHttpAsyncClient; import org.apache.http.impl.nio.client.HttpAsyncClients; import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch; public class Main { public static void main(String[] argv) { CloseableHttpAsyncClient httpclient = HttpAsyncClients.createDefault(); httpclient.start(); final CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1); final HttpGet request = new HttpGet("https://www.alipay.com/"); System.out.println(" caller thread id is : " + Thread.currentThread().getId()); httpclient.execute(request, new FutureCallback<HttpResponse>() { @Override public void completed(final HttpResponse response) { latch.countDown(); System.out.println(" callback thread id is : " + Thread.currentThread().getId()); System.out.println(request.getRequestLine() + "->" + response.getStatusLine()); try { String content = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8"); System.out.println(" response content is : " + content); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } @Override public void failed(final Exception ex) { latch.countDown(); System.out.println(request.getRequestLine() + "->" + ex); System.out.println(" callback thread id is : " + Thread.currentThread().getId()); } @Override public void cancelled() { latch.countDown(); System.out.println(request.getRequestLine() + " cancelled"); System.out.println(" callback thread id is : " + Thread.currentThread().getId()); } }); try { latch.await(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } try { httpclient.close(); } catch (IOException ignore) { } } }
2.还是通过同步请求,但是另起一个线程来计时,这种本质上有一个线程始终在堵塞,等待web端资源的返回。
HttpClient包中,三个设置超时的地方:
/* 从连接池中取连接的超时时间*/ ConnManagerParams.setTimeout(params, 1000); /*连接超时*/ HttpConnectionParams.setConnectionTimeout(params, 2000); /*请求超时*/ HttpConnectionParams.setSoTimeout(params, 4000);
ConnectionPoolTimeout:
定义了从ConnectionManager管理的连接池中取出连接的超时时间。
出错会抛出ConnectionPoolTimeoutException
ConnectionTimeout:
定义了通过网络与server建立连接的超时时间,Httpclient包中通过一个异步线程去创建与server的socket连接,这就是该socket连接的超时时间。
当连接HTTPserver或者等待HttpConnectionManager管理的一个有效连接超时出错会抛出ConnectionTimeoutException
SocketTimeout:
这定义了Socket读数据的超时时间,即从server获取响应数据须要等待的时间。
当读取或者接收Socket超时会抛出SocketTimeoutException
httpClient 请求头设置:
Accept、Connection、User-Agent
Accept:表示浏览器可以接收到的类型
*/*:表示所有类型
Connection:分为两种串行连接、持久连接(keep-alive)、管道化持久连接
1.串行连接中,每次交互都要打开关闭连接
2.持久连接中,第一次交互会打开连接,交互结束后连接并不关闭,下次交互就省去了建立连接的过程。
3.管道化持久连接,允许在持久连接的基础上,可选的使用传输管道,消除传输时延。
User-Agent:用户