pip安装使用详解【转】

转自：pip安装使用详解 – 运维生存时间
http://www.ttlsa.com/python/how-to-install-and-use-pip-ttlsa/

pip类似RedHat里面的yum，安装Python包非常方便。本节详细介绍pip的安装、以及使用方法。

1、pip下载安装

1.1 pip下载

 

# wget "https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pip/pip-1.5.4.tar.gz#md5=834b2904f92d46aaa333267fb1c922bb" --no-check-certificate

1.2 pip安装

 

# tar -xzvf pip-1.5.4.tar.gz
# cd pip-1.5.4
# python setup.py install

2. pip使用详解

2.1 pip安装包

 

# pip install SomePackage
  [...]
  Successfully installed SomePackage

2.2 pip查看已安装的包

 

# pip show --files SomePackage
  Name: SomePackage
  Version: 1.0
  Location: /my/env/lib/pythonx.x/site-packages
  Files:
   ../somepackage/__init__.py
   [...]

2.3 pip检查哪些包需要更新

 

# pip list --outdated
  SomePackage (Current: 1.0 Latest: 2.0)

2.4 pip升级包

 

# pip install --upgrade SomePackage
  [...]
  Found existing installation: SomePackage 1.0
  Uninstalling SomePackage:
    Successfully uninstalled SomePackage
  Running setup.py install for SomePackage
  Successfully installed SomePackage

2.5 pip卸载包

 

$ pip uninstall SomePackage
  Uninstalling SomePackage:
    /my/env/lib/pythonx.x/site-packages/somepackage
  Proceed (y/n)? y
  Successfully uninstalled SomePackage

3. pip使用实例

3.1 安装redis

 

# pip install redis

3.2 卸载redis

 

# pip uninstall redis
Uninstalling redis:
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/redis-2.9.1-py2.6.egg-info
.....省略一些内容....
Proceed (y/n)? y
  Successfully uninstalled redis

3.3 查看待更新包

 

pip list --outdate
pygpgme (Current: 0.1 Latest: 0.3)
pycurl (Current: 7.19.0 Latest: 7.19.3.1)
iniparse (Current: 0.3.1 Latest: 0.4)

4. 常见错误

4.1 ImportError No module named setuptools
请参考《ImportError No module named setuptools解决》

5. pip参数解释

# pip --help
 
Usage:   
  pip <command> [options]
 
Commands:
  install                     安装包.
  uninstall                   卸载包.
  freeze                      按着一定格式输出已安装包列表
  list                        列出已安装包.
  show                        显示包详细信息.
  search                      搜索包，类似yum里的search.
  wheel                       Build wheels from your requirements.
  zip                         不推荐. Zip individual packages.
  unzip                       不推荐. Unzip individual packages.
  bundle                      不推荐. Create pybundles.
  help                        当前帮助.
 
General Options:
  -h, --help                  显示帮助.
  -v, --verbose               更多的输出，最多可以使用3次
  -V, --version               现实版本信息然后退出.
  -q, --quiet                 最少的输出.
  --log-file <path>           覆盖的方式记录verbose错误日志，默认文件：/root/.pip/pip.log
  --log <path>                不覆盖记录verbose输出的日志.
  --proxy <proxy>             Specify a proxy in the form [user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.
  --timeout <sec>             连接超时时间 (默认15秒).
  --exists-action <action>    Default action when a path already exists: (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup.
  --cert <path>               证书.

6、使用yum安装pip

首先安装epel扩展源：

sudo yum -y install epel-release

yum install python-pip

6. 结束