【linux】常见的网络管理命令

last:查看目前和过去的用户登录信息

[root@paulinux ~]# last
root     pts/0        192.168.1.106    Fri Jun 10 09:53   still logged in   
admin    tty1         :0               Fri Jun 10 09:47   still logged in   
root     tty5                          Fri Jun 10 09:31   still logged in   
reboot   system boot  2.6.32-431.el6.x Fri Jun 10 17:35 - 09:56  (-7:-38)   
root     tty5                          Fri Jun  3 07:31 - down   (00:34)    
reboot   system boot  2.6.32-431.el6.x Fri Jun  3 07:27 - 08:06  (00:39)    
root     tty5                          Fri Jun  3 07:21 - down   (00:04)    
admin    tty1         :0               Fri Jun  3 07:21 - down   (00:05)    
reboot   system boot  2.6.32-431.el6.x Fri Jun  3 07:09 - 07:26  (00:16)    
root     tty5                          Fri Jun  3 07:01 - down   (00:07)    
admin    tty1         :0               Fri Jun  3 06:57 - down   (00:10)    
reboot   system boot  2.6.32-431.el6.x Fri Jun  3 06:57 - 07:08  (00:11)    
root     tty5                          Fri Jun  3 06:28 - down   (00:27)    
admin    tty1         :0               Fri Jun  3 06:28 - down   (00:27)   

 lastlog:只显示用户最后登录信息

[root@paulinux ~]# lastlog 
Username         Port     From             Latest
root             pts/0    192.168.1.106    Fri Jun 10 09:53:00 +0800 2016
bin                                        **Never logged in**
daemon                                     **Never logged in**
adm                                        **Never logged in**
lp                                         **Never logged in**
sync                                       **Never logged in**
shutdown                                   **Never logged in**
halt                                       **Never logged in**
mail                                       **Never logged in**
uucp                                       **Never logged in**
operator                                   **Never logged in**
games                                      **Never logged in**
gopher                                     **Never logged in**
ftp                                        **Never logged in**
nobody                                     **Never logged in**
dbus                                       **Never logged in**
rpc                                        **Never logged in**
oprofile                                   **Never logged in**
vcsa                                       **Never logged in**
rtkit                                      **Never logged in**
abrt                                       **Never logged in**
avahi-autoipd                              **Never logged in**
hsqldb                                     **Never logged in**
saslauth                                   **Never logged in**
rpcuser                                    **Never logged in**
nfsnobody                                  **Never logged in**
postfix                                    **Never logged in**
ricci                                      **Never logged in**
haldaemon                                  **Never logged in**
gdm                                        **Never logged in**
ntp                                        **Never logged in**
apache                                     **Never logged in**
amandabackup                               **Never logged in**
pulse                                      **Never logged in**
tomcat                                     **Never logged in**
sshd                                       **Never logged in**
luci                                       **Never logged in**
mysql                                      **Never logged in**
dovecot                                    **Never logged in**
dovenull                                   **Never logged in**
tcpdump                                    **Never logged in**
admin            tty6                      Fri May 27 06:10:56 +0800 2016

 traceroute：查看网络路径

[root@paulinux ~]# traceroute www.163.com
traceroute to www.163.com (42.81.28.74), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
 1  192.168.1.1 (192.168.1.1)  0.236 ms  0.197 ms  0.454 ms
 2  10.8.0.1 (10.8.0.1)  4.405 ms  4.396 ms  4.382 ms
 3  172.16.3.173 (172.16.3.173)  2.765 ms  2.750 ms  2.632 ms
 4  172.16.33.1 (172.16.33.1)  2.947 ms  3.503 ms  3.492 ms
 5  10.1.1.1 (10.1.1.1)  3.485 ms  3.460 ms  3.453 ms
 6  * * *
 7  * * *
 8  123.151.29.73 (123.151.29.73)  7.249 ms 219.150.51.105 (219.150.51.105)  4.883 ms 123.151.29.73 (123.151.29.73)  7.226 ms
 9  221.238.222.101 (221.238.222.101)  2.943 ms 219.150.38.141 (219.150.38.141)  3.252 ms 219.150.38.229 (219.150.38.229)  4.826 ms
10  42.81.32.22 (42.81.32.22)  4.197 ms  4.122 ms  4.120 ms
11  42.81.1.54 (42.81.1.54)  7.702 ms 42.81.1.6 (42.81.1.6)  209.992 ms *
12  42.81.0.166 (42.81.0.166)  9.554 ms 42.81.0.194 (42.81.0.194)  8.810 ms 42.81.0.190 (42.81.0.190)  8.765 ms
13  42.81.28.74 (42.81.28.74)  4.167 ms  4.650 ms  3.413 ms

 netstat:查看网络情况

参数：-t :tcp协议

　　　-u:udp协议

　　　-l：listen监听

　　　-r:路由

　　　-n:显示IP和端口号

常用用法：netstat -tlun ##显示本机监听的端口

　　　　　netstat -an ##显示本机所有网络连接

　　　　　netstat -rn ##显示本机路由信息

setup:进入管理的图形界面