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  • C#中解析并运行一个本地命令行

     

        前几天我想在一个程序中运行类似这样一个命令行“javac test.java”,环境变量我都设定得好好的,但使用Process.Start时依旧会有找不到文件的异常。后来发现Process.Start函数不支持自动搜索PATH环境变量。很是郁闷。闲着没事,写了个能搜索PATH的运行命令行函数Execute(),详见下面代码。

          /// <summary>

            /// 运行一个命令

            /// </summary>

            /// <param name="cmdLine">要运行的命令行</param>

            /// <param name="workDirectory">命令的工作目录</param>

            /// <returns>该命令对应的进程</returns>

            public static Process Execute(string cmdLine, string workDirectory)

            {

                string fileName;

                string args;

                SplitCmdLineIntoFileAndArg(cmdLine, out fileName, out args);

                Process pro = null;

              

                pro = Process.Start(new ProcessStartInfo()

                {

                    FileName = fileName,

                    Arguments = args,

                    WorkingDirectory = workDirectory,

                });

         

                return pro;

            }

    其中最重要的莫过于如何寻找可执行文件所在路径了。我们知道windows和Linux中都有个环境变量PATH,其中包含了可执行文件的搜索路径,于是寻找可执行文件路径的问题就很容易解决了。这时我又想到:在windows中命令行中的可执行文件的扩展名经常可以被省略。如何才能给文件填上扩展名呢?这要牵扯到另外一个环境变量了——PATHEXT,它包含可执行文件的扩展名,其顺序就是命令行可执行文件的搜索顺序。如此一来整个问题就解决了。其代码如下:

    /// <summary>

            /// 把命令行分割为文件名和参数

            /// </summary>

            /// <param name="cmdLine">输入的命令行,不能为null</param>

            /// <param name="fileName">输出的文件名</param>

            /// <param name="args">参数</param>

            /// <exception name="FileNotFoundException">找不到相应的可执行文件,命令行无法解析</exception>

            static void SplitCmdLineIntoFileAndArg(string cmdLine, out string fileName, out string args)

            {

                if (cmdLine == null)

                    throw new ArgumentNullException("cmdLine", "cmdLine必须是有效的命令行");

                fileName = string.Empty;

                args = string.Empty;

                bool hasFound = false;

                //环境变量path,可执行文件的路径

                string path = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("path")+";.";

                var splitedPath = path.Split(';');

                //环境变量pathext,可执行文件的扩展名

                string pathext = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("pathext");

                string[] splitedPathext = pathext.Split(';');

                //有些系统中可能没有这个变量,那么就忽略扩展名

                if (splitedPathext == null || splitedPathext.Length == 0)

                {

                    splitedPathext = new string[] { string.Empty };

                }

                for (int i = 0; i <= cmdLine.Length; ++i)

                {

                    //命令行由空白字符分割,而可执行文件名就是第一个参数。有可能其路径中包含空白字符,故搜索时还要向后搜索

                    if (i == cmdLine.Length || char.IsWhiteSpace(cmdLine, i))

                    {

                        hasFound = false;

                        string partFileName=cmdLine.Substring(0,i);

                        foreach (string pathx in splitedPath)

                        {

                            fileName = pathx + "\\" + partFileName;

                            if (File.Exists(fileName))

                            {

                                hasFound = true;

                                break;

                            }

                            else

                            {

                                foreach (string pathextx in splitedPathext)

                                {

                                    fileName = pathx + "\\" + partFileName + pathextx;

                                    if (File.Exists(fileName))

                                    {

                                        hasFound = true;

                                        break;

                                    }

                                }                           

                            }

                            if (hasFound)

                                break;

                        }

                        if (hasFound)

                        {

                            i++;

                            if (i >= cmdLine.Length)

                                args = string.Empty;

                            else

                                args = cmdLine.Substring(i);

                            break;

                        }

                    }

                }

                if (!hasFound)

                {

                    throw new FileNotFoundException("无法找到文件\""+cmdLine+'"', cmdLine);

                }

            }

          测试一下:

         static void Main(string[] args)

            {

                Stopwatch sw = new Stopwatch();

                try

                {

                    sw.Start();

                    Process pro = Execute("winver", ".");

                    sw.Stop();

                    Console.WriteLine(pro.StartInfo.FileName + " " + pro.StartInfo.Arguments);

                    Console.WriteLine("elapsed:{0}", sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);

                    pro.WaitForExit(10000);

                  

                }

                catch(Exception e)

                {

                    Console.Error.WriteLine(e.ToString());

                }

               

            }

         运行结果:

    C:\windows\system32\winver.EXE

    elapsed:77

     

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/pcy0/p/cs_execute_cmdline.html
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