编译Debian内核源码

参考：

《鸟哥的Linux私房菜》第26章

http://hi.baidu.com/wg_wang/item/f9375c2f00ca75c0ee10f1db

http://www.linuxdiyf.com/bbs/thread-193762-1-1.html

环境：

Wind7主机+Debian6虚拟机，虚拟机软件是VirtualBox

第一步、下载Linux源码

首先需要看一下当前Linux使用的版本

pengdl@debian:~$ uname -r
2.6.32-5-686

可以看到，当前使用的Linux内核版本是：2.6.32.5

为了说明问题，我们也从网上下载linux-2.6.32.5（当然也可以下载最新的版本，但是有风险）。下载地址如下：

ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.6/

我下载的是：linux-2.6.32.5.tar.xz

第二步、解压Linux内核

将来把内核源码解压到/usr/src/kernels下

mkdir -p /usr/src/kernels

tar -xJf linux-2.6.32.5.tar.xz -C /usr/src/kernels/

第三步、编译Linux内核

清理垃圾：

cd /usr/src/kernels/linux-2.6.32.5

make mrproper

make clean

编译内核前需要配置，为了说明问题，直接将本机自带的配置config-2.6.32-5-686拷贝到刚才解压的目录下(如果下载了比较新的内核，就需对照着config-2.6.32-5-686自己配置了)，并重命名为.config

cp     /boot/config-2.6.32-5-686     /usr/src/kernels/linux-2.6.32.5/.config

cd   /usr/src/kernels/linux-2.6.32.5

make menucongfig

修改General setup内的Local version为pengdl，目的是防止执行make install和make modules_install的时候跟旧的发生冲突。

make bzImage  -j4

make modules  -j4

make modules_install

make install    

制作initrd镜像

mkinitramfs     2.6.32.5pengdl   -o    /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32.5pengdl

其中2.6.32.5pengdl 就是执行完make modules_install后，在/lib/modules下新生成的文件夹

此时/lib/modules和/boot下的内容如下（其中带有686的是系统原先就有的，带pengdl的是我们新生成的，

其中之所以有以.old结尾的文件，是因为执行了两次make install，实际上执行一次就行了。手动将*.old删除）：

debian:/usr/src/kernels/linux-2.6.32.5# ls /lib/modules/
2.6.32-5-686  2.6.32.5pengdl
debian:/usr/src/kernels/linux-2.6.32.5# ls /boot/
config-2.6.32-5-686        System.map-2.6.32-5-686
config-2.6.32.5pengdl      System.map-2.6.32.5pengdl
config-2.6.32.5pengdl.old  System.map-2.6.32.5pengdl.old
grub                       vmlinuz-2.6.32-5-686
initrd.img-2.6.32-5-686    vmlinuz-2.6.32.5pengdl
initrd.img-2.6.32.5pengdl  vmlinuz-2.6.32.5pengdl.old
debian:/usr/src/kernels/linux-2.6.32.5#

第四步、更新grub

grub-mkconfig >/boot/grub/grub.cfg

可以看看新生成的grub.cfg的内容：

#
# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE
#
# It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates
# from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub
#

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then
  load_env
fi
set default="2"
if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then
  set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}"
  save_env saved_entry
  set prev_saved_entry=
  save_env prev_saved_entry
  set boot_once=true
fi

function savedefault {
  if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then
    saved_entry="${chosen}"
    save_env saved_entry
  fi
}

function load_video {
  insmod vbe
  insmod vga
  insmod video_bochs
  insmod video_cirrus
}

insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='(hd1,msdos5)'
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 87115ddc-75d2-4f74-b8c4-e3796e6a244a
if loadfont /share/grub/unicode.pf2 ; then
  set gfxmode=640x480
  load_video
  insmod gfxterm
fi
terminal_output gfxterm
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='(hd0,msdos1)'
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 2c7658ba-7c5c-45f2-8117-d70fcadcdda6
set locale_dir=($root)/boot/grub/locale
set lang=en
insmod gettext
set timeout=5
### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='(hd1,msdos5)'
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 87115ddc-75d2-4f74-b8c4-e3796e6a244a
insmod png
if background_image /share/images/desktop-base/spacefun-grub.png; then
  set color_normal=light-gray/black
  set color_highlight=white/black
else
  set menu_color_normal=cyan/blue
  set menu_color_highlight=white/blue
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
menuentry 'Debian GNU/Linux, with Linux 2.6.32.5pengdl' --class debian --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
    insmod part_msdos
    insmod ext2
    set root='(hd0,msdos1)'
    search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 2c7658ba-7c5c-45f2-8117-d70fcadcdda6
    echo    'Loading Linux 2.6.32.5pengdl ...'
    linux    /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32.5pengdl root=UUID=2c7658ba-7c5c-45f2-8117-d70fcadcdda6 ro  quiet
    echo    'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
    initrd    /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32.5pengdl
}
menuentry 'Debian GNU/Linux, with Linux 2.6.32.5pengdl (recovery mode)' --class debian --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
    insmod part_msdos
    insmod ext2
    set root='(hd0,msdos1)'
    search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 2c7658ba-7c5c-45f2-8117-d70fcadcdda6
    echo    'Loading Linux 2.6.32.5pengdl ...'
    linux    /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32.5pengdl root=UUID=2c7658ba-7c5c-45f2-8117-d70fcadcdda6 ro single
    echo    'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
    initrd    /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32.5pengdl
}
menuentry 'Debian GNU/Linux, with Linux 2.6.32-5-686' --class debian --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
    insmod part_msdos
    insmod ext2
    set root='(hd0,msdos1)'
    search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 2c7658ba-7c5c-45f2-8117-d70fcadcdda6
    echo    'Loading Linux 2.6.32-5-686 ...'
    linux    /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-5-686 root=UUID=2c7658ba-7c5c-45f2-8117-d70fcadcdda6 ro  quiet
    echo    'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
    initrd    /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-5-686
}
menuentry 'Debian GNU/Linux, with Linux 2.6.32-5-686 (recovery mode)' --class debian --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
    insmod part_msdos
    insmod ext2
    set root='(hd0,msdos1)'
    search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 2c7658ba-7c5c-45f2-8117-d70fcadcdda6
    echo    'Loading Linux 2.6.32-5-686 ...'
    linux    /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-5-686 root=UUID=2c7658ba-7c5c-45f2-8117-d70fcadcdda6 ro single
    echo    'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
    initrd    /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-5-686
}
### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###
### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
# This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries.  Simply type the
# menu entries you want to add after this comment.  Be careful not to change
# the 'exec tail' line above.
### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
if [ -f  $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then
  source $prefix/custom.cfg;
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###

其中已经有了我们新添加的内核了：

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32.5pengdl
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32.5pengdl
menuentry 'Debian GNU/Linux, with Linux 2.6.32.5pengdl' --class debian --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
    insmod part_msdos
    insmod ext2
    set root='(hd0,msdos1)'
    search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 2c7658ba-7c5c-45f2-8117-d70fcadcdda6
    echo    'Loading Linux 2.6.32.5pengdl ...'
    linux    /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32.5pengdl root=UUID=2c7658ba-7c5c-45f2-8117-d70fcadcdda6 ro  quiet
    echo    'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
    initrd    /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32.5pengdl
}
menuentry 'Debian GNU/Linux, with Linux 2.6.32.5pengdl (recovery mode)' --class debian --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
    insmod part_msdos
    insmod ext2
    set root='(hd0,msdos1)'
    search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 2c7658ba-7c5c-45f2-8117-d70fcadcdda6
    echo    'Loading Linux 2.6.32.5pengdl ...'
    linux    /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32.5pengdl root=UUID=2c7658ba-7c5c-45f2-8117-d70fcadcdda6 ro single
    echo    'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
    initrd    /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32.5pengdl
}
menuentry 'Debian GNU/Linux, with Linux 2.6.32-5-686' --class debian --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
    insmod part_msdos
    insmod ext2
    set root='(hd0,msdos1)'
    search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 2c7658ba-7c5c-45f2-8117-d70fcadcdda6
    echo    'Loading Linux 2.6.32-5-686 ...'
    linux    /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-5-686 root=UUID=2c7658ba-7c5c-45f2-8117-d70fcadcdda6 ro  quiet
    echo    'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
    initrd    /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-5-686
}
menuentry 'Debian GNU/Linux, with Linux 2.6.32-5-686 (recovery mode)' --class debian --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
    insmod part_msdos
    insmod ext2
    set root='(hd0,msdos1)'
    search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 2c7658ba-7c5c-45f2-8117-d70fcadcdda6
    echo    'Loading Linux 2.6.32-5-686 ...'
    linux    /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-5-686 root=UUID=2c7658ba-7c5c-45f2-8117-d70fcadcdda6 ro single
    echo    'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
    initrd    /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-5-686
}
### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###

如果按照上面的配置，启动时，Linux 2.6.32.5pengdl 会放在第一个，如果不手动按上下键进行选择，那么启动的将是我们刚编译出来的内核，如何让系统默认启动旧的内核呢？这里有几种方法：

1、手动修改grub.conf，交换旧内核和新内核的位置：

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
menuentry 'Debian GNU/Linux, with Linux 2.6.32-5-686' --class debian --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
    insmod part_msdos
    insmod ext2
    set root='(hd0,msdos1)'
    search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 2c7658ba-7c5c-45f2-8117-d70fcadcdda6
    echo    'Loading Linux 2.6.32-5-686 ...'
    linux    /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-5-686 root=UUID=2c7658ba-7c5c-45f2-8117-d70fcadcdda6 ro  quiet
    echo    'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
    initrd    /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-5-686
}
menuentry 'Debian GNU/Linux, with Linux 2.6.32-5-686 (recovery mode)' --class debian --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
    insmod part_msdos
    insmod ext2
    set root='(hd0,msdos1)'
    search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 2c7658ba-7c5c-45f2-8117-d70fcadcdda6
    echo    'Loading Linux 2.6.32-5-686 ...'
    linux    /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-5-686 root=UUID=2c7658ba-7c5c-45f2-8117-d70fcadcdda6 ro single
    echo    'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
    initrd    /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-5-686
}

menuentry 'Debian GNU/Linux, with Linux 2.6.32.5pengdl' --class debian --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
    insmod part_msdos
    insmod ext2
    set root='(hd0,msdos1)'
    search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 2c7658ba-7c5c-45f2-8117-d70fcadcdda6
    echo    'Loading Linux 2.6.32.5pengdl ...'
    linux    /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32.5pengdl root=UUID=2c7658ba-7c5c-45f2-8117-d70fcadcdda6 ro  quiet
    echo    'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
    initrd    /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32.5pengdl
}
menuentry 'Debian GNU/Linux, with Linux 2.6.32.5pengdl (recovery mode)' --class debian --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
    insmod part_msdos
    insmod ext2
    set root='(hd0,msdos1)'
    search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 2c7658ba-7c5c-45f2-8117-d70fcadcdda6
    echo    'Loading Linux 2.6.32.5pengdl ...'
    linux    /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32.5pengdl root=UUID=2c7658ba-7c5c-45f2-8117-d70fcadcdda6 ro single
    echo    'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
    initrd    /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32.5pengdl
}
### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###

2、或者，修改 set default="0"  ，将0改为2。直接在这里改，如果再更新grub.conf，default的值又变为了0，其中在grub.conf的最上面给出了方法：

#
# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE
#
# It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates
# from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub
#

我们应该修改/etc/default/grub这个文件，将GRUB_DEFAULT=0 改为GRUB_DEFAULT=2，然后重新执行

grub-mkconfig >/boot/grub/grub.cfg

下面是启动测试：（可以用上下箭头选择有启动的内核）

注意：

因为我是用的是VirtualBox虚拟机，更新完内核后，需要重新安装VirtualBox增强工具，增强工具的安装方法参见：

http://www.cnblogs.com/pengdonglin137/p/3366765.html#a8

安装增强工具的时候，会把上次安装的增强工具给删掉。

完！！