软件版本
Qemu： 2.8.0
虚拟开发板： vexpress-ca9
概述
之前的博文介绍了将Python移植到开发板上， 根文件系统采用的是ramdisk， 这个文件系统的缺点是修改的内容重启会丢失， 同时由于Python相关的文件体积很大，会严重降低开机启动速度。为此， 我们下面更换跟文件系统的格式为ext4。
正文
1、参考 http://www.cnblogs.com/pengdonglin137/p/6792323.html 创建一个虚拟的sd卡镜像文件， 分区如下
1 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
2 /dev/loop0p1 2048 104447 51200 83 Linux
3 /dev/loop0p2 104448 1153023 524288 83 Linux
4 /dev/loop0p3 1153024 2097151 472064 83 Linux
创建了一个1GB的镜像文件，第一个分区50M， 第二个400M， 剩下的都给第三个分区，最后将这三个分区都格式化为ext4格式。
第一个分区存放除/usr之外的其他目录， 将来挂载到/下， 第二个分区存放/usr目录，将来挂载到/usr下， 第三个分区存放用户数据，将来挂载到/data下面。 当然，自己根据需要也可以有其他做法。
2、 修改之前制作ramdisk的脚本
1 #!/bin/bash
2
3 sudo rm -rf rootfs
4 sudo rm -rf tmpfs
5 sudo rm -rf ramdisk*
6
7 sudo mkdir rootfs
8 sudo cp ../busybox-1.24.2/_install/* rootfs/ -raf
9 sudo losetup -d /dev/loop0
10 sudo losetup /dev/loop0 ./fs_vexpress_1G.img
11
12 sudo mkdir -p rootfs/proc/
13 sudo mkdir -p rootfs/sys/
14 sudo mkdir -p rootfs/tmp/
15 sudo mkdir -p rootfs/root/
16 sudo mkdir -p rootfs/var/
17 sudo mkdir -p rootfs/mnt/
18
19 sudo cp etc rootfs/ -arf
20
21 sudo cp -arf ../arm-2014.05/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/lib rootfs/
22
23 ver=3
24 sudo mkdir -p rootfs/usr
25 pushd rootfs/usr
26 sudo cp -raf /home/pengdonglin/src/qemu/python_cross_compile/Python${ver}/aarch32/lib .
27 sudo cp -raf /home/pengdonglin/src/qemu/python_cross_compile/Python${ver}/aarch32/include .
28 sudo cp -raf /home/pengdonglin/src/qemu/python_cross_compile/Python${ver}/aarch32/bin .
29 sudo cp -raf /home/pengdonglin/src/qemu/python_cross_compile/Python${ver}/aarch32/share .
30 sudo /home/pengdonglin/src/qemu/aarch32/arm-2014.05/bin/arm-none-linux-gnueabi-strip lib/python*
31 popd
32
33 ver=2
34 sudo mkdir -p rootfs/usr
35 pushd rootfs/usr
36 sudo cp -raf /home/pengdonglin/src/qemu/python_cross_compile/Python${ver}/aarch32/lib .
37 sudo cp -raf /home/pengdonglin/src/qemu/python_cross_compile/Python${ver}/aarch32/include .
38 sudo cp -raf /home/pengdonglin/src/qemu/python_cross_compile/Python${ver}/aarch32/bin .
39 sudo cp -raf /home/pengdonglin/src/qemu/python_cross_compile/Python${ver}/aarch32/share .
40 sudo /home/pengdonglin/src/qemu/aarch32/arm-2014.05/bin/arm-none-linux-gnueabi-strip lib/python*
41 popd
42
43 #sqlite
44 sudo cp /home/pengdonglin/src/qemu/python_cross_compile/SQlite/aarch32/bin/* rootfs/bin/
45 sudo cp /home/pengdonglin/src/qemu/python_cross_compile/SQlite/aarch32/include/* rootfs/include/
46 sudo cp /home/pengdonglin/src/qemu/python_cross_compile/SQlite/aarch32/lib/* rootfs/lib/
47 sudo strip /rootfs/bin/sqlite3
48
49 #readline
50 sudo cp -raf /home/pengdonglin/src/qemu/python_cross_compile/Readline/aarch32/include/* rootfs/include/
51 sudo cp -raf /home/pengdonglin/src/qemu/python_cross_compile/Readline/aarch32/lib/* rootfs/lib/
52
53 sudo mkdir -p rootfs/dev/
54 sudo mknod rootfs/dev/tty1 c 4 1
55 sudo mknod rootfs/dev/tty2 c 4 2
56 sudo mknod rootfs/dev/tty3 c 4 3
57 sudo mknod rootfs/dev/tty4 c 4 4
58 sudo mknod rootfs/dev/console c 5 1
59 sudo mknod rootfs/dev/null c 1 3
60
61 sudo rm -rf rootfs/lib/*.a
62 sudo rm -rf rootfs/lib/*.la
63 sudo /home/pengdonglin/src/qemu/aarch32/arm-2014.05/bin/arm-none-linux-gnueabi-strip rootfs/lib/*
64
65 sudo mkdir -p rootfs/tools
66 sudo cp ./other_tools/* rootfs/tools
67
68 sudo mkdir -p tmpfs
69 sudo mount -t ext4 /dev/loop0p2 ./tmpfs
70 sudo rm -rf ./tmpfs/*
71 sudo mv rootfs/usr/* ./tmpfs/
72 sudo umount ./tmpfs/
73
74 sudo mount -t ext4 /dev/loop0p1 ./tmpfs/
75 sudo rm -rf ./tmpfs/*
76 sudo cp -raf ./rootfs/* ./tmpfs/
77 sudo umount ./tmpfs/
78
79 sudo losetup -d /dev/loop0
3、 修改启动脚本/etc/init.d/rcS
1 #!/bin/sh
2
3
4 PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
5 runlevel=S
6 prevlevel=N
7 umask 022
8 export PATH runlevel prevlevel
9
10 mount -a
11 mkdir -p /dev/pts
12 mount -t devpts devpts /dev/pts
13 14 echo /sbin/mdev > /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug
15 mdev -s
16 mkdir -p /var/lock
17
18 ln -sf /sys/kernel/debug /d
19 mkdir -p /usr
20 mkdir -p /data
21
22 mount -t ext4 /dev/mmcblk0p2 /usr
23 mount -t ext4 /dev/mmcblk0p3 /data
24
25 ifconfig lo 127.0.0.1
26 ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.2
27
28 /bin/hostname -F /etc/sysconfig/HOSTNAME
29
30 if [ -e /usr/sbin/telnetd ];then
31 telnetd&
32 fi
4、修改启动qemu的参数
1 sudo qemu-system-arm
2 -M vexpress-a9
3 -m 1024M
4 -smp 2
5 -kernel ./linux-4.10/out_aarch32/arch/arm/boot/zImage
6 -nographic
7 -append "root=/dev/mmcblk0p1 rw rootfstype=ext4 console=ttyAMA0 init=/linuxrc ignore_loglevel"
8 -sd ./rootfs/fs_vexpress_1G.img
9 -dtb ./linux-4.10/out_aarch32/arch/arm/boot/dts/vexpress-v2p-ca9.dtb
10 -net nic,vlan=0 -net tap,vlan=0,ifname=tap0
5、 修改br0的ip地址，保证跟开发板在一个网段
sudo ifconfig br0:1 192.168.1.100
6、然后重新制作文件系统， 启动开发板
1 [ 0.000000] Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0
2 [ 0.000000] Linux version 4.10.0+ (pengdonglin@pengdonglin-HP) (gcc version 4.8.3 20140320 (prerelease) (Sourcery CodeBench Lite 2014.05-29) ) #12 SMP Fri Mar 24 17:16:55 CST 2017
3 [ 0.000000] CPU: ARMv7 Processor [410fc090] revision 0 (ARMv7), cr=10c5387d
4 [ 0.000000] CPU: PIPT / VIPT nonaliasing data cache, VIPT nonaliasing instruction cache
5 [ 0.000000] OF: fdt:Machine model: V2P-CA9
6 [ 0.000000] debug: ignoring loglevel setting.
7 [ 0.000000] Memory policy: Data cache writealloc
8 [ 0.000000] On node 0 totalpages: 262144
9 [ 0.000000] free_area_init_node: node 0, pgdat c0a637c0, node_mem_map ef7fa000
10 [ 0.000000] Normal zone: 1536 pages used for memmap
11 [ 0.000000] Normal zone: 0 pages reserved
12 [ 0.000000] Normal zone: 196608 pages, LIFO batch:31
13 [ 0.000000] HighMem zone: 65536 pages, LIFO batch:15
14 [ 0.000000] percpu: Embedded 14 pages/cpu @ef7b4000 s27648 r8192 d21504 u57344
15 [ 0.000000] pcpu-alloc: s27648 r8192 d21504 u57344 alloc=14*4096
16 [ 0.000000] pcpu-alloc: [0] 0 [0] 1 [0] 2 [0] 3
17 [ 0.000000] Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 260608
18 [ 0.000000] Kernel command line: root=/dev/mmcblk0p1 rw rootfstype=ext4 console=ttyAMA0 init=/linuxrc ignore_loglevel
19 [ 0.000000] log_buf_len individual max cpu contribution: 4096 bytes
20 [ 0.000000] log_buf_len total cpu_extra contributions: 12288 bytes
21 [ 0.000000] log_buf_len min size: 16384 bytes
22 [ 0.000000] log_buf_len: 32768 bytes
23 [ 0.000000] early log buf free: 14852(90%)
24 [ 0.000000] PID hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
25 [ 0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 131072 (order: 7, 524288 bytes)
26 [ 0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes)
27 [ 0.000000] Memory: 1029332K/1048576K available (6144K kernel code, 453K rwdata, 1440K rodata, 1024K init, 191K bss, 19244K reserved, 0K cma-reserved, 262144K highmem)
28 [ 0.000000] Virtual kernel memory layout:
29 [ 0.000000] vector : 0xffff0000 - 0xffff1000 ( 4 kB)
30 [ 0.000000] fixmap : 0xffc00000 - 0xfff00000 (3072 kB)
31 [ 0.000000] vmalloc : 0xf0800000 - 0xff800000 ( 240 MB)
32 [ 0.000000] lowmem : 0xc0000000 - 0xf0000000 ( 768 MB)
33 [ 0.000000] pkmap : 0xbfe00000 - 0xc0000000 ( 2 MB)
34 [ 0.000000] modules : 0xbf000000 - 0xbfe00000 ( 14 MB)
35 [ 0.000000] .text : 0xc0008000 - 0xc0700000 (7136 kB)
36 [ 0.000000] .init : 0xc0900000 - 0xc0a00000 (1024 kB)
37 [ 0.000000] .data : 0xc0a00000 - 0xc0a71784 ( 454 kB)
38 [ 0.000000] .bss : 0xc0a73000 - 0xc0aa2c4c ( 192 kB)
39 [ 0.000000] SLUB: HWalign=64, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=4, Nodes=1
40 [ 0.000000] Hierarchical RCU implementation.
41 [ 0.000000] Build-time adjustment of leaf fanout to 32.
42 [ 0.000000] RCU restricting CPUs from NR_CPUS=8 to nr_cpu_ids=4.
43 [ 0.000000] RCU: Adjusting geometry for rcu_fanout_leaf=32, nr_cpu_ids=4
44 [ 0.000000] NR_IRQS:16 nr_irqs:16 16
45 [ 0.000000] L2C: platform modifies aux control register: 0x02020000 -> 0x02420000
46 [ 0.000000] L2C: DT/platform modifies aux control register: 0x02020000 -> 0x02420000
47 [ 0.000000] L2C-310 enabling early BRESP for Cortex-A9
48 [ 0.000000] L2C-310 full line of zeros enabled for Cortex-A9
49 [ 0.000000] L2C-310 dynamic clock gating disabled, standby mode disabled
50 [ 0.000000] L2C-310 cache controller enabled, 8 ways, 128 kB
51 [ 0.000000] L2C-310: CACHE_ID 0x410000c8, AUX_CTRL 0x46420001
52 [ 0.000000] smp_twd: clock not found -2
53 [ 0.000224] sched_clock: 32 bits at 24MHz, resolution 41ns, wraps every 89478484971ns
54 [ 0.003064] clocksource: arm,sp804: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 1911260446275 ns
55 [ 0.003667] Failed to initialize '/smb@04000000/motherboard/iofpga@7,00000000/timer@12000': -22
56 [ 0.007950] Console: colour dummy device 80x30
57 [ 0.008360] Calibrating local timer... 94.26MHz.
58 [ 0.063533] Calibrating delay loop... 864.25 BogoMIPS (lpj=4321280)
59 [ 0.148207] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
60 [ 0.149276] Mount-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
61 [ 0.149330] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
62 [ 0.158795] CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
63 [ 0.159287] ftrace: allocating 20771 entries in 61 pages
64 [ 0.582666] CPU0: thread -1, cpu 0, socket 0, mpidr 80000000
65 [ 0.586510] Setting up static identity map for 0x60100000 - 0x60100058
66 [ 0.594816] smp: Bringing up secondary CPUs ...
67 [ 0.675809] CPU1: thread -1, cpu 1, socket 0, mpidr 80000001
68 [ 1.618593] CPU2: failed to boot: -38
69 [ 2.561153] CPU3: failed to boot: -38
70 [ 2.561360] smp: Brought up 1 node, 2 CPUs
71 [ 2.561437] SMP: Total of 2 processors activated (1717.04 BogoMIPS).
72 [ 2.561524] CPU: All CPU(s) started in SVC mode.
73 [ 2.592907] devtmpfs: initialized
74 [ 2.609363] VFP support v0.3: implementor 41 architecture 3 part 30 variant 9 rev 0
75 [ 2.624710] clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 19112604462750000 ns
76 [ 2.625256] futex hash table entries: 1024 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
77 [ 2.670281] NET: Registered protocol family 16
78 [ 2.673665] DMA: preallocated 256 KiB pool for atomic coherent allocations
79 [ 2.835405] cpuidle: using governor ladder
80 [ 2.836034] hw-breakpoint: debug architecture 0x4 unsupported.
81 [ 2.837337] Serial: AMBA PL011 UART driver
82 [ 2.849208] OF: amba_device_add() failed (-19) for /memory-controller@100e0000
83 [ 2.850164] OF: amba_device_add() failed (-19) for /memory-controller@100e1000
84 [ 2.850745] OF: amba_device_add() failed (-19) for /watchdog@100e5000
85 [ 2.852480] irq: type mismatch, failed to map hwirq-75 for /interrupt-controller@1e001000!
86 [ 2.868418] 10009000.uart: ttyAMA0 at MMIO 0x10009000 (irq = 38, base_baud = 0) is a PL011 rev1
87 [ 2.879767] console [ttyAMA0] enabled
88 [ 2.883103] 1000a000.uart: ttyAMA1 at MMIO 0x1000a000 (irq = 39, base_baud = 0) is a PL011 rev1
89 [ 2.885980] 1000b000.uart: ttyAMA2 at MMIO 0x1000b000 (irq = 40, base_baud = 0) is a PL011 rev1
90 [ 2.888224] 1000c000.uart: ttyAMA3 at MMIO 0x1000c000 (irq = 41, base_baud = 0) is a PL011 rev1
91 [ 2.890106] OF: amba_device_add() failed (-19) for /smb@04000000/motherboard/iofpga@7,00000000/wdt@0f000
92 [ 2.958532] SCSI subsystem initialized
93 [ 2.960351] libata version 3.00 loaded.
94 [ 2.961410] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
95 [ 2.961734] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
96 [ 2.961995] usbcore: registered new device driver usb
97 [ 2.968920] Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Initialized.
98 [ 2.991662] clocksource: Switched to clocksource arm,sp804
99 [ 3.169450] NET: Registered protocol family 2
100 [ 3.175334] TCP established hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
101 [ 3.175928] TCP bind hash table entries: 8192 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
102 [ 3.176278] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 8192 bind 8192)
103 [ 3.177303] UDP hash table entries: 512 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
104 [ 3.177536] UDP-Lite hash table entries: 512 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
105 [ 3.178707] NET: Registered protocol family 1
106 [ 3.182153] RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport module.
107 [ 3.182287] RPC: Registered udp transport module.
108 [ 3.182386] RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
109 [ 3.182476] RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.
110 [ 3.193307] hw perfevents: enabled with armv7_cortex_a9 PMU driver, 1 counters available
111 [ 3.205209] workingset: timestamp_bits=30 max_order=18 bucket_order=0
112 [ 3.236529] squashfs: version 4.0 (2009/01/31) Phillip Lougher
113 [ 3.242395] jffs2: version 2.2. (NAND) © 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc.
114 [ 3.243965] 9p: Installing v9fs 9p2000 file system support
115 [ 3.250751] bounce: pool size: 64 pages
116 [ 3.250959] io scheduler noop registered (default)
117 [ 3.255927] clcd-pl11x 10020000.clcd: PL111 designer 41 rev2 at 0x10020000
118 [ 3.262547] clcd-pl11x 10020000.clcd: /clcd@10020000 hardware, 1024x768@59 display
119 [ 3.354700] Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 128x48
120 [ 3.369651] clcd-pl11x 1001f000.clcd: PL111 designer 41 rev2 at 0x1001f000
121 [ 3.371374] clcd-pl11x 1001f000.clcd: /smb@04000000/motherboard/iofpga@7,00000000/clcd@1f000 hardware, 640x480@59 display
122 [ 3.761034] brd: module loaded
123 [ 3.766070] 40000000.flash: Found 2 x16 devices at 0x0 in 32-bit bank. Manufacturer ID 0x000000 Chip ID 0x000000
124 [ 3.766538] Intel/Sharp Extended Query Table at 0x0031
125 [ 3.767105] Using buffer write method
126 [ 3.767447] erase region 0: offset=0x0,size=0x80000,blocks=128
127 [ 3.771517] 40000000.flash: Found 2 x16 devices at 0x0 in 32-bit bank. Manufacturer ID 0x000000 Chip ID 0x000000
128 [ 3.771689] Intel/Sharp Extended Query Table at 0x0031
129 [ 3.772144] Using buffer write method
130 [ 3.772279] erase region 0: offset=0x0,size=0x80000,blocks=128
131 [ 3.772453] Concatenating MTD devices:
132 [ 3.772555] (0): "40000000.flash"
133 [ 3.772643] (1): "40000000.flash"
134 [ 3.772710] into device "40000000.flash"
135 [ 3.789874] libphy: Fixed MDIO Bus: probed
136 [ 3.846445] libphy: smsc911x-mdio: probed
137 [ 3.848873] smsc911x 4e000000.ethernet eth0: MAC Address: 52:54:00:12:34:56
138 [ 3.957275] isp1760 4f000000.usb: bus 32, oc: digital
139 [ 3.959405] isp1760 4f000000.usb: NXP ISP1760 USB Host Controller
140 [ 3.960632] isp1760 4f000000.usb: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
141 [ 3.963035] isp1760 4f000000.usb: Scratch test failed.
142 [ 3.963612] isp1760 4f000000.usb: can't setup: -19
143 [ 3.964748] isp1760 4f000000.usb: USB bus 1 deregistered
144 [ 3.974946] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage
145 [ 3.992856] mousedev: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
146 [ 4.004329] rtc-pl031 10017000.rtc: rtc core: registered pl031 as rtc0
147 [ 4.014931] mmci-pl18x 10005000.mmci: Got CD GPIO
148 [ 4.015185] mmci-pl18x 10005000.mmci: Got WP GPIO
149 [ 4.016741] mmci-pl18x 10005000.mmci: mmc0: PL181 manf 41 rev0 at 0x10005000 irq 34,35 (pio)
150 [ 4.106224] input: AT Raw Set 2 keyboard as /devices/platform/smb@04000000/smb@04000000:motherboard/smb@04000000:motherboard:iofpga@7,00000000/10006000.kmi/serio0/input/input0
151 [ 4.108713] ledtrig-cpu: registered to indicate activity on CPUs
152 [ 4.123420] mmc0: new SD card at address 4567
153 [ 4.125672] mmcblk0: mmc0:4567 QEMU! 1.00 GiB
154 [ 4.137083] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid
155 [ 4.140982] usbhid: USB HID core driver
156 [ 4.169460] aaci-pl041 10004000.aaci: ARM AC'97 Interface PL041 rev0 at 0x10004000, irq 33
157 [ 4.169617] aaci-pl041 10004000.aaci: FIFO 512 entries
158 [ 4.170516] oprofile: using arm/armv7-ca9
159 [ 4.171435] NET: Registered protocol family 17
160 [ 4.172032] 9pnet: Installing 9P2000 support
161 [ 4.172863] Registering SWP/SWPB emulation handler
162 [ 4.182829] rtc-pl031 10017000.rtc: setting system clock to 2017-05-02 08:14:40 UTC (1493712880)
163 [ 4.183640] ALSA device list:
164 [ 4.183720] #0: ARM AC'97 Interface PL041 rev0 at 0x10004000, irq 33
165 [ 4.187543] mmcblk0: p1 p2 p3
166 [ 4.730607] input: ImExPS/2 Generic Explorer Mouse as /devices/platform/smb@04000000/smb@04000000:motherboard/smb@04000000:motherboard:iofpga@7,00000000/10007000.kmi/serio1/input/input2
167 [ 4.767878] random: fast init done
168 [ 4.786719] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p1): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)
169 [ 4.787857] VFS: Mounted root (ext4 filesystem) on device 179:1.
170 [ 4.819841] Freeing unused kernel memory: 1024K
171 [ 5.349898] random: crng init done
172 ln: /d/debug: Operation not permitted
173 [ 6.876743] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p2): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)
174 [ 6.902438] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p3): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)
175 [ 7.060910] Generic PHY 4e000000.etherne:01: attached PHY driver [Generic PHY] (mii_bus:phy_addr=4e000000.etherne:01, irq=-1)
176 [ 7.065577] smsc911x 4e000000.ethernet eth0: SMSC911x/921x identified at 0xf1420000, IRQ: 31
177
178 Please press Enter to activate this console. login[804]: root login on 'pts/0'
179
180 [root@vexpress ]#
181 [root@vexpress ]# mount
182 /dev/root on / type ext4 (rw,relatime,data=ordered)
183 proc on /proc type proc (rw,relatime)
184 tmpfs on /tmp type tmpfs (rw,relatime)
185 sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,relatime)
186 tmpfs on /dev type tmpfs (rw,relatime)
187 debugfs on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw,relatime)
188 devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,relatime,mode=600,ptmxmode=000)
189 /dev/mmcblk0p2 on /usr type ext4 (rw,relatime,data=ordered)
190 /dev/mmcblk0p3 on /data type ext4 (rw,relatime,data=ordered)
完。