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  • Oracle 计算时间差

    Oracle中计算时间差是经常用到的。可以使用“日期1-日期2”并加以运算,来获得你要想的时间差:天、小时、分钟或者秒。

    例如:

    1. select
    2. TO_DATE('2012-02-20 17:45:04','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')-TO_DATE('2012-02-19 08:34:04','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') as Day
    3. from dual;

     结果:

    这里的TO_DATE很有用,它决定你的时间存储格式。
    那么如果要获取相应的时间单位,下面:
    1、以天为单位

    round(to_number(end-date-start_date))

     例如:

    1. select
    2. round(to_number(TO_DATE('2012-02-20 17:45:04','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')-TO_DATE('2012-02-19 08:34:04','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'))) as Day
    3. from dual;

    结果:

    2、以小时为单位

    1. round(to_number(end-date-start_date)*24) 

    例如:

    1. select
    2. round(to_number(TO_DATE('2012-02-20 17:45:04','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')-TO_DATE('2012-02-19 08:34:04','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'))*24) as Hour
    3. from dual;

     结果:

    3、以分钟为单位

    round(to_number(end-date-start_date)*1440)

     例如:

    1. select
    2. round(to_number(TO_DATE('2012-02-20 17:45:04','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')-TO_DATE('2012-02-19 08:34:04','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'))*1440) as Minite
    3. from dual;

    结果:

    作者 白杨树

    常用sql语句及案例(oracle)

     

    目录

    1)基本

    2)数学函数

    3)rownum

    4)分页

    5)时间处理

    6)字符函数

    7)to_number

    8)聚合函数

    9)学生选课

    10)图书馆借阅

    基本

    复制代码
    --新建表:
    create table table1( id varchar(300) primary key, name varchar(200) not null);
    
    --插入数据   
    insert into table1 (id,name) values ('aa','bb');
     
    --更新数据   
    update table1 set id = 'bb' where id='cc';
     
    --删除数据   
    delete from table1 where id ='cc';
     
    --删除表    
    drop table table1;
     
    
    --修改表名: 
    alter table table1 rename to table2;
     
    --表数据复制:
    insert into table1 (select * from table2);
     
    --复制表结构: 
    create table table1 select * from table2 where 1>1;
     
    --复制表结构和数据:
    create table table1 select * from table2;
     
    --复制指定字段: 
    create table table1 as select id, name from table2 where 1>1;
    
    --条件查询: 
    select id,name (case gender when 0 then '男' when 1 then ‘女’ end  ) gender from  table1 
     
    
    复制代码

    数学函数

    复制代码
    --绝对值:abs()
       select abs(-2) value from dual;          --(2)
    
    --取整函数(大):ceil()
       select ceil(-2.001) value from dual;       --(-2)
    
    --取整函数(小):floor()
       select floor(-2.001) value from dual;       --(-3)
    
    --取整函数(截取):trunc()
       select trunc(-2.001) value from dual;       -- (-2)
    
    --四舍五入:round()
       select round(1.234564,4) value from dual;       --(1.2346)
    
    --取平方:Power(m,n)
       select power(4,2) value from dual;       --(16)
    
    --取平方根:SQRT()
       select sqrt(16) value from dual;       --(4)
    
    --取随机数:dbms_random(minvalue,maxvalue)
       select dbms_random.value() from dual;  (默认是0到1之间)
     select dbms_random.value(2,4) value from dual;  (2-4之间随机数)
    
    --取符号:Sign()
      select sign(-3) value from dual; --(-1)
      select sign(3) value from dual; --(1)
    
    
    --取集合的最大值:greatest(value)
       select greatest(-1,3,5,7,9) value from dual;       --(9)
    
    --取集合的最小值:least(value)
       select least(-1,3,5,7,9) value from dual;       --(-1)
    
    --处理Null值:nvl(空值,代替值)
       select  nvl(null,10) value from dual;       --(10)
      
       select nvl(score,10) score from student;
    复制代码

     rownum相关

    复制代码
    --rownum小于某个数时可以直接作为查询条件(注意oracle不支持select top)
    select * from student where rownum <3;
    
    --查询rownum大于某个数值,需要使用子查询,并且rownum需要有别名
    select * from(select rownum rn ,id,name from student) where rn>2;
    select * from (select rownum rn, student.* from student) where rn >3;
    
    --区间查询
    select * from (select rownum rn, student.* from student) where rn >3 and rn<6;
    
    --排序+前n条
    select * from (select rownum rn, t.* from ( select d.* from DJDRUVER d order  by drivernumber)t )p where p.rn<10;
    
    --排序+区间查询1
    select * from (select rownum rn, t.* from ( select d.* from DJDRIVER d order by DJDRIVER_DRIVERTIMES)t )p where p.rn<9 and p.rn>6;
    
    --排序+区间查询2
    select * from (select rownum rn, t.* from ( select d.* from DJDRIVER d order by DJDRIVER_DRIVERTIMES)t where rownum<9 )p where p.rn>6;--效率远高于方式一
    复制代码

     分页查询

    (假设每页显示10条)

    不包含排序:

    复制代码
    --效率低
    
    select * from (select rownum rn, d.* from DJDRIVER d  )p where p.rn<=20 and p.rn>=10;
    select * from (select rownum rn, d.* from DJDRIVER d )p where p.rn between 10 and 20; --效率高 select * from (select rownum rn, d.* from DJDRIVER d where rownum<=20 )p where p.rn>=10;
    复制代码

    包含排序:

    复制代码
    --排序+区间查询1(效率低)
    select * from (select rownum rn, t.* from ( select d.* from DJDRIVER d order by DJDRIVER_DRIVERTIMES)t )p where p.rn<=20 and p.rn>=10;
    select * from (select rownum rn, t.* from ( select d.* from DJDRIVER d order by DJDRIVER_DRIVERTIMES)t )p where p.rn between 10 and 20; --排序+区间查询2(效率高)
    select * from (select rownum rn, t.* from ( select d.* from DJDRIVER d order by DJDRIVER_DRIVERTIMES)t where rownum<=20 )p where p.rn>=10;
    复制代码

     时间处理

    1. to_char和to_date基本使用

    复制代码
    --日期
    --年 yyyy yyy yy year
    --月 month mm mon month
    --日+星期  dd ddd(一年中第几天) dy day 
    --小时  hh hh24 
    --分 mi
    --秒 ss
    复制代码

    eg1:

    复制代码
    select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')currenttime, 
           to_char(sysdate,'yyyy') year,
           to_char(sysdate,'mm') month,
           to_char(sysdate,'dd') day,
           to_char(sysdate,'day') week,
           to_char(sysdate,'hh24')hour,
           to_char(sysdate,'mi') minute,
           to_char(sysdate,'ss') second
    from dual;
    复制代码

    eg2:

    复制代码
    select to_date('2009-07-04 05:02:01','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')currenttime,
           to_char(to_date('2009-07-04 05:02:01','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'),'yyyy')year,
           to_char(to_date('2009-07-04 05:02:01','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'),'mm')month,
           to_char(to_date('2009-07-04 05:02:01','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'),'dd') day,
           to_char(to_date('2009-07-04 05:02:01','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'),'day') week,
           to_char(to_date('2009-07-04 05:02:01','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'),'day','NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE=American') week, --设置语言
           to_char(to_date('2009-07-04 05:02:01','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'),'hh24')hour,
           to_char(to_date('2009-07-04 05:02:01','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'),'mi') minute,
           to_char(to_date('2009-07-04 05:02:01','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'),'ss') second
    from dual;
    复制代码

    2)months_between

     select months_between(to_date('03-31-2014','MM-DD-YYYY'),to_date('12-31-2013','MM-DD-YYYY')) "MONTHS"
     FROM DUAL;   

    3)next_day

    select sysdate today, next_day(sysdate,6) nextweek from dual;

    4)时间区间

    eg:

    select cardid, borrowdate from borrow where to_date(borrowdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')  between 
    to_date('2014-02-01 00:00:00','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') and 
    to_date('2014-05-01 00:00:00','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'); 

    5)interval

    复制代码
    select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') currenttime,
           to_char(sysdate - interval '7' year,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') intervalyear,   
           to_char(sysdate - interval '7' month,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') intervalMonth,   
           to_char(sysdate - interval '7' day,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') intervalday,   
           to_char(sysdate - interval '7' hour,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') intervalHour,   
           to_char(sysdate - interval '7' minute,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') intervalMinute,   
           to_char(sysdate - interval '7' second,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') intervalSecond  
      from dual; 
    复制代码

    6)add_months

    select add_months(sysdate,12) newtime from dual;

    7)extract

     select extract(month from sysdate) "This Month",
    extract(year from add_months(sysdate,36)) " Years" from dual; 

    字符函数

    复制代码
    --字符函数
    select substr('abcdefg',1,5)substr,                     --字符串截取
           instr('abcdefg','bc') instr,                     --查找子串
           
           'Hello'||'World' concat,                         --连接
           
           trim('  wish  ') trim,                           --去前后空格
           rtrim('wish  ') rtrim,                           --去后面空格
           ltrim('  wish') ltrim,                           --去前面空格
           
           trim(leading 'w' from 'wish') deleteprefix,      --去前缀
           trim(trailing 'h' from 'wish') deletetrailing,   --去后缀
           trim('w' from 'wish') trim1,
           
           ascii('A') A1, 
           ascii('a') A2,                                   --ascii(转换为对应的十进制数)
           chr(65) C1, 
           chr(97) C2,                                      --chr(十进制转对应字符)
           
           length('abcdefg') len,                           --length 
           
           lower('WISH')lower, 
           upper('wish')upper, 
           initcap('wish')initcap,                            --大小写变换
           
           replace('wish1','1','youhappy') replace,           --替换
           
           translate('wish1','1','y')translate,               --转换,对应一位(前面的位数大于等于后面的位数)
           translate('wish1','sh1','hy')translate1,
           
           concat('11','22') concat                     --连接

    from dual;
    复制代码

    to_number

    复制代码
    --to_number(expr)
    --to_number(expr,format)
    --to_number(expr,format,'nls-param')
    
    select to_number('0123')number1,            --converts a string to number
           trunc(to_number('0123.123'),2) number2,
           to_number('120.11','999.99') number3,
         to_number('0a','xx') number4,        --converts a hex number to decimal
           to_number(100000,'xxxxxx') number5
      
    from dual;
    复制代码

    聚合函数

    student表如下:

    count:

    --count (distinct|all)
    select count(1) as count from student;--效率最高
    select count(*) as count from student;    
    select count(distinct score) from student;     

    语句1结果:11

    avg

    --avg (distinct|all)
    select avg(score) score from student;
    select avg(distinct score) from student;
    select classno,avg(score) score from student group by classno;

    语句3输出结果:

    max

    --max (distinct|all)
    select max(score) from student;
    select classno, max(score) score from student group by classno;

    min

    --min (distinct|all)
    select min(score) from student;
    select classno, min(score) score from student group by classno;

    stddev(standard deviation)标准差

    --stddev
    select stddev(score) from student;
    select classno, stddev(score) score from student group by classno;

    sum

    --sum
    select sum(score) from student;
    select classno, sum(score) score from student group by classno;

    median--中位数

    --median
    select median(score) from student;
    select classno, median(score) score from student group by classno;

     案例1--学生选课

    1. 创建表 stu(学生表),course(课程表),选课表(s_c)

    复制代码
    --创建表
    
    create table STU  
    (  
      id   NUMBER not null,  
      name VARCHAR2(255)  
    ) ;
       
    create table COURSE  
    (  
      id  NUMBER not null,  
      coursename VARCHAR2(255)  
    ) ; 
       
    create table S_C  
    (  
      sid    NUMBER,  
      cid    NUMBER,  
      score NUMBER  
    );
    复制代码

    2.插入数据

    复制代码
    --插入数据
    Insert into STU (ID,NAME) values (1,'wish');
    Insert into STU (ID,NAME) values (2,'rain');
    Insert into STU (ID,NAME) values (3,'july');
    Insert into STU (ID,NAME) values (4,'joey');
    
    Insert into COURSE (ID,COURSENAME) values (1,'math');
    Insert into COURSE (ID,COURSENAME) values (2,'english');
    Insert into COURSE (ID,COURSENAME) values (3,'Japanese');
    Insert into COURSE (ID,COURSENAME) values (4,'chinese');
    
    Insert into S_C (SID,CID,SCORE) values (1,1,80);
    Insert into S_C (SID,CID,SCORE) values (1,2,90);
    Insert into S_C (SID,CID,SCORE) values (2,4,100);
    Insert into S_C (SID,CID,SCORE) values (4,4,90);
    Insert into S_C (SID,CID,SCORE) values (4,1,100);
    Insert into S_C (SID,CID,SCORE) values (4,3,80);
    Insert into S_C (SID,CID,SCORE) values (4,2,80);
    Insert into S_C (SID,CID,SCORE) values (2,1,90);
    Insert into S_C (SID,CID,SCORE) values (2,4,100);
    Insert into S_C (SID,CID,SCORE) values (3,1,60);
    复制代码

    3.查询学生选课情况

    with vt as 
    (select s.id,s.name,c.coursename,sc.score from stu s, course c, s_c sc where s.id=sc.sid and c.id=sc.cid)
    select * from vt order by id;

    结果:

    案例2--图书馆借阅

    1.创建表: 图书(book),读者(reader),借阅(borrow)

    复制代码
    --创建表 book
    create table book(
      bookId  varchar2(30),   --图书总编号
      sortid varchar2(30),    --分类号
      bookname varchar2(100), --书名
      author varchar2(30),    --作者
      publisher varchar2(100),--出版单位
      price number(6,2)       --价格
      );
      
    --创建表 reader  
    create table reader (
      cardId varchar2(30),  --借书证号
      org varchar2(100),    --单位
      name varchar2(100),   --姓名
      gender varchar2(2),   --性别
      title varchar2(30),   --职称
      address varchar2(100) --地址
    );
    
    --创建表 borrow
    create table borrow(
        cardId varchar2(30),  --借书证号
      bookId  varchar2(30),   --图书总编号
      borrowDate varchar2(30) --借阅时间
    );
    复制代码

    2.插入数据

    复制代码
    --插入数据-book
    insert into book (bookId,sortid,bookname,author,publisher,price) 
    values ('aaa','a1','gone with the wind','CA','renmin','103');
    
    insert into book (bookId,sortid,bookname,author,publisher,price) 
    values ('bbb','a2','the little prince','CB','jixie','30');
    
    insert into book (bookId,sortid,bookname,author,publisher,price) 
    values ('ccc','a3','the ordinary world','CC','renmin','130');
    
    insert into book (bookId,sortid,bookname,author,publisher,price) 
    values ('ddd','a4','the little women','CA','dianzi','110');
    
    --插入数据-reader
    insert into reader(cardid, org, name,gender, title, address)
    values ('xxx','A','wish','1','student','bupt');
    
    insert into reader(cardid, org, name,gender, title, address)
    values ('uuu','A','luna','1','student','bupt');
    
    insert into reader(cardid, org, name,gender, title, address)
    values ('vvv','B','harry','1','student','bupt');
    
    insert into reader(cardid, org, name,gender, title, address)
    values ('www','C','chander','2','professor','bupt');
    
    insert into reader(cardid, org, name,gender, title, address)
    values ('yyy','A','joey','2','student','bupt');
    
    insert into reader(cardid, org, name,gender, title, address)
    values ('zzz','B','richard','2','student','bupt');
    
    insert into reader(cardid, org, name,gender, title, address)
    values ('OOO','A','micheal','2','student','bupt');
    
    insert into reader(cardid, org, name,gender, title, address)
    values ('ppp','A','richal','2','student','bupt');
    
    insert into reader(cardid, org, name,gender, title, address)
    values ('abp','A','michal','2','student','bupt');
    
    insert into reader(cardid, org, name,gender, title, address)
    values ('ccp','A','mike','2','student','bupt');
    
    --插入数据-borrow
    insert into borrow(cardid,bookid,borrowdate) values('xxx','aaa','2014-4-29');
    insert into borrow(cardid,bookid,borrowdate) values('xxx','bbb','2014-4-29');
    insert into borrow(cardid,bookid,borrowdate) values('xxx','ccc','2014-4-28');
    insert into borrow(cardid,bookid,borrowdate) values('yyy','ccc','2014-4-28');
    insert into borrow(cardid,bookid,borrowdate) values('yyy','ddd','2014-4-27');
    insert into borrow(cardid,bookid,borrowdate) values('yyy','aaa','2014-4-27');
    insert into borrow(cardid,bookid,borrowdate) values('zzz','bbb','2014-4-28');
    insert into borrow(cardid,bookid,borrowdate) values('zzz','ddd','2014-4-27');
    insert into borrow(cardid,bookid,borrowdate) values('zzz','aaa','2014-4-27');
    insert into borrow(cardid,bookid,borrowdate) values('uuu','bbb','2014-4-28');
    insert into borrow(cardid,bookid,borrowdate) values('uuu','ddd','2014-4-27');
    insert into borrow(cardid,bookid,borrowdate) values('uuu','aaa','2014-4-27');
    insert into borrow(cardid,bookid,borrowdate) values('uuu','ccc','2014-4-26');
    insert into borrow(cardid,bookid,borrowdate) values('vvv','bbb','2014-4-28');
    insert into borrow(cardid,bookid,borrowdate) values('vvv','ddd','2014-4-27');
    insert into borrow(cardid,bookid,borrowdate) values('www','aaa','2014-4-27');
    insert into borrow(cardid,bookid,borrowdate) values('www','ccc','2014-4-26');
    复制代码

    表信息如下:

    book------> reader-------> borrow

    3. 查询A单位借阅图书的读者人数和人员详细信息

    人数:

    with vt1 as 
    (select cardid from reader where reader.org='A')
    select count(1) from vt1 where exists (select cardid from borrow where borrow.cardid=vt1.cardid);

    详细信息:

    with vt1 as 
    (select cardid,name,org from reader where reader.org='A')
    select cardid,name,org from vt1 where exists (select cardid from borrow where borrow.cardid=vt1.cardid);

    4.查询借书证号尾字符为'p'的读者

    select cardid, name, org from reader where cardid like '%p';

    5. 查询名字以m开头的女性读者,‘1’显示为女,‘2’显示为男

    select cardid, name, org, 
    case when gender='1' then '女' when gender='2' then '男' else '其他' end gender
    from reader where name like 'm%';

    6. 2014年2-4月借过书的读者

    1)查询满足条件的读者(仅包含cardid)--未去重

      方式一:

    select cardid, borrowdate from borrow where to_char(to_date(borrowdate,'yyyy-mm-dd'),'yyyy')='2014' 
    and to_char(to_date(borrowdate,'yyyy-mm-dd'),'mm')>='02'
    and to_char(to_date(borrowdate,'yyyy-mm-dd'),'mm')<='04';

      方式二:

    select cardid, borrowdate from borrow where to_char(to_date(borrowdate,'yyyy-mm-dd'),'yyyy')='2014'  --查询
    and to_char(to_date(borrowdate,'yyyy-mm-dd'),'yyyy-mm')>='2014-02'
    and to_char(to_date(borrowdate,'yyyy-mm-dd'),'yyyy-mm')<='2014-04';

      方式三:

    select cardid, borrowdate from borrow where to_date(borrowdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')  between 
    to_date('2014-02-01 00:00:00','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') and 
    to_date('2014-05-01 00:00:00','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'); 

    2) 查询+去重

    select distinct cardid from borrow where to_char(to_date(borrowdate,'yyyy-mm-dd'),'yyyy')='2014'  --查询+去重
    and to_char(to_date(borrowdate,'yyyy-mm-dd'),'yyyy-mm')>='2014-02'
    and to_char(to_date(borrowdate,'yyyy-mm-dd'),'yyyy-mm')<='2014-04';
    select distinct cardid from borrow where to_date(borrowdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')  between 
    to_date('2014-02-01 00:00:00','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') and 
    to_date('2014-05-01 00:00:00','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'); 

    3)查询+去重+读者姓名等信息

    复制代码
    with vt1 as 
    (select distinct cardid from borrow where to_char(to_date(borrowdate,'yyyy-mm-dd'),'yyyy')='2014' 
    and to_char(to_date(borrowdate,'yyyy-mm-dd'),'yyyy-mm')>='2014-02'
    and to_char(to_date(borrowdate,'yyyy-mm-dd'),'yyyy-mm')<='2014-04')
    select cardid, name,org from reader where exists (select cardid from vt1 where vt1.cardid=reader.cardid);
    复制代码

    https://www.cnblogs.com/wishyouhappy/p/3700683.html

    两个Date类型字段:START_DATE,END_DATE,计算这两个日期的时间差(分别以天,小时,分钟,秒,毫秒):

    天:

    ROUND(TO_NUMBER(END_DATE - START_DATE))

    小时:

    ROUND(TO_NUMBER(END_DATE - START_DATE) * 24)

    分钟:

    ROUND(TO_NUMBER(END_DATE - START_DATE) * 24 * 60)

    秒:

    ROUND(TO_NUMBER(END_DATE - START_DATE) * 24 * 60 * 60)

    毫秒:

    ROUND(TO_NUMBER(END_DATE - START_DATE) * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000)

    Oracle计算时间差函数 2008-08-20 10:00 两个Date类型字段:START_DATE,END_DATE,计算这两个日期的时间差(分别以天,小时,分钟,秒,毫秒): 天: ROUND(TO_NUMBER(END_DATE - START_DATE)) 小时: ROUND(TO_NUMBER(END_DATE - START_DATE) * 24) 分钟: ROUND(TO_NUMBER(END_DATE - START_DATE) * 24 * 60) 秒: ROUND(TO_NUMBER(END_DATE - START_DATE) * 24 * 60 * 60) 毫秒: ROUND(TO_NUMBER(END_DATE - START_DATE) * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000)

     外加to_date与to_char函数:

    ORACLE中: 
    select to_date('2007-06-28 19:51:20','yyyy-MM-dd HH24:mi:ss') from dual; 
    一般SQL中: 
    select to_date('2007-06-28 19:51:20','yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss') from dual; 
    区别: 
    1、HH修改为HH24。 
    2、分钟的mm修改为mi。

    24 小时的形式显示出来要用 HH24

    select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-MM-dd HH24:mi:ss') from dual;

    select to_date('2005-01-01 13:14:20','yyyy-MM-dd HH24:mi:ss') from dual;

    to_date() function

    1. 日期格式参数 含义说明

    D 一周中的星期几

    DAY 天的名字,使用空格填充到 9 个字符

    DD 月中的第几天

    DDD 年中的第几天

    DY 天的简写名

    IW ISO 标准的年中的第几周

    IYYY ISO 标准的四位年份

    YYYY 四位年份

    YYY,YY,Y 年份的最后三位,两位,一位

    HH 小时,按 12 小时计

    HH24 小时,按 24 小时计

    MI 分

    SS 秒

    MM 月

    Mon 月份的简写

    Month 月份的全名

    W 该月的第几个星期

    WW 年中的第几个星期      1. 日期时间间隔操作

    当前时间减去 7 分钟的时间

    select sysdate,sysdate - interval '7' MINUTE from dual

    当前时间减去 7 小时的时间

    select sysdate - interval '7' hour from dual

    当前时间减去 7 天的时间

    select sysdate - interval '7' day from dual

    当前时间减去 7 月的时间

    select sysdate,sysdate - interval '7' month from dual

    当前时间减去 7 年的时间

    select sysdate,sysdate - interval '7' year from dual

    时间间隔乘以一个数字

    select sysdate,sysdate - 8 *interval '2' hour from dual

    2. 日期到字符操作

    select sysdate,to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual

    select sysdate,to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss') from dual

    select sysdate,to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-ddd hh:mi:ss') from dual

    select sysdate,to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm iw-d hh:mi:ss') from dual

    参考 oracle 的相关关文档 (ORACLE901DOC/SERVER.901/A90125/SQL_ELEMENTS4.HTM#48515)

    3. 字符到日期操作

    select to_date('2003-10-17 21:15:37','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual

    具体用法和上面的 to_char 差不多。

    4.TO_NUMBER 
    使用TO_NUMBER函数将字符转换为数字 
    TO_NUMBER(char[, '格式'])

    数字格式格式 
    9 代表一个数字 
    0 强制显示0 
    $ 放置一个$符 
    L 放置一个浮动本地货币符 
    . 显示小数点 
    , 显示千位指示符

    oracle中的to_date参数含义 
      
      1.日期格式参数含义说明  
    D 一周中的星期几  
    DAY 天的名字,使用空格填充到9个字符  
    DD 月中的第几天  
    DDD 年中的第几天  
    DY 天的简写名  
    IW ISO标准的年中的第几周  
    IYYY ISO标准的四位年份  
    YYYY 四位年份  
    YYY,YY,Y 年份的最后三位,两位,一位  
    HH 小时,按12小时计  
    HH24 小时,按24小时计  
    MI 分  
    SS 秒  
    MM 月  
    Mon 月份的简写  
    Month 月份的全名  
    W 该月的第几个星期  
    WW 年中的第几个星期     1.日期时间间隔操作
    当前时间减去7分钟的时间
    select sysdate,sysdate - interval ’7’ MINUTE from dual
    当前时间减去7小时的时间
    select sysdate - interval ’7’ hour from dual
    当前时间减去7天的时间
    select sysdate - interval ’7’ day from dual
    当前时间减去7月的时间
    select sysdate,sysdate - interval ’7’ month from dual
    当前时间减去7年的时间
    select sysdate,sysdate - interval ’7’ year from dual
    时间间隔乘以一个数字
    select sysdate,sysdate - 8 *interval ’2’ hour from dual
       2.日期到字符操作 
    select sysdate,to_char(sysdate,’yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss’) from dual
    select sysdate,to_char(sysdate,’yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss’) from dual
    select sysdate,to_char(sysdate,’yyyy-ddd hh:mi:ss’) from dual
    select sysdate,to_char(sysdate,’yyyy-mm iw-d hh:mi:ss’) from dual
    参考oracle的相关关文档(ORACLE901DOC/SERVER.901/A90125/SQL_ELEMENTS4.HTM#48515)
       3. 字符到日期操作 
    select to_date(’2003-10-17 21:15:37’,’yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss’) from dual
    具体用法和上面的to_char差不多。
       4. trunk/ ROUND函数的使用 
    select trunc(sysdate ,’YEAR’) from dual
    select trunc(sysdate ) from dual
    select to_char(trunc(sysdate ,’YYYY’),’YYYY’) from dual
        5.oracle有毫秒级的数据类型 
    --返回当前时间 年月日小时分秒毫秒
    select to_char(current_timestamp(5),’DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SSxFF’) from dual;
    --返回当前时间的秒毫秒,可以指定秒后面的精度(最大=9)
    select to_char(current_timestamp(9),’MI:SSxFF’) from dual;
       6.计算程序运行的时间(ms) 
    declare
    type rc is ref cursor;
    l_rc rc;
    l_dummy all_objects.object_name%type;
    l_start number default dbms_utility.get_time;
    begin
      for I in 1 .. 1000 loop
      open l_rc for 'select object_name from all_objects '|| 'where object_id = ' || i;
      fetch l_rc into l_dummy;
      close l_rc;
      end loop;
      dbms_output.put_line ( round( (dbms_utility.get_time-l_start)/100, 2 ) ||' seconds ...' );
    end;

    https://www.cnblogs.com/hl3292/archive/2010/11/03/1868159.html

    -------------在mac上安装oracle客户端-------------

    1. 登入oracle的官网下载页面
    http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/intel-macsoft-096467.html

    2. 选择适合的版本下载,我选的第一个 (Instant Client Package - Basic)
    Instant Client Package - Basic: All files required to run OCI, OCCI, and JDBC-OCI applications
    instantclient-basic-macos.x64-12.2.0.1.0-2.zip (68,160,048 bytes) (cksum - 2145539248)

    3. 注册账号
    会跳到登录界面,要是没有账号就需要注册一个,然后才能下载。

    4. 下载完成之后,解压,将里边的全部文件放到~/lib 或者 /usr/local/lib 文件下
    下载完后会有一个instantclient 的压缩包,后边会有版本号,如我下载的是instantclient_12_2,
    解压,会有以下文件

    将里边的文件,全部复制到~/lib 或者 /usr/local/lib 文件下

    5. 设置环境变量
    下面是我自己的目录存放位置,将/Users/lanc要改成你自己的目录。
    在你的设置环境变量的文件夹中添加:
    export PATH=$PATH:/Users/lanc/lib
    步骤:

    cd ~lib
    pwd
    cd ~
    vi .bash_profile
    export PATH=$PATH:/Users/lanc/lib
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5


    使设置的环境变量生效
    source .bash_profile

    进入oracle 的项目,在终端输入node , 进入node 的环境,然后输入var oracle = require(‘oracle’);
    如果没有报错,就说明已经安装成功了
    ---------------------
    作者:lanc336
    来源:CSDN
    原文:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_41767649/article/details/80627034
    版权声明:本文为博主原创文章,转载请附上博文链接!

    用 navicat连接oracle

    http://wiki.navicat.com/wiki/index.php/Instant_client_required#Mac

    ------

    -- 新增字段
    alter table TABLE_NAME add tract_code varchar2(32);
    comment on column TABLE_NAME.tract_code
    is '编码';
    --备份数据
    create table TABLE_NAME_BAK AS select * from TABLE_NAME;
    --清楚表数据
    truncate table TABLE_NAME;
    -- 删除原有索引
    alter table TABLE_NAME drop constraint UK_ZUHE;
    --建立唯一索引
    alter table TABLE_NAME add constraint UK_ZUHE unique (tract_code, coupons_type);
    --恢复数据
    insert into TABLE_NAME select * from TABLE_NAME_BAK;

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/pokay/p/10075787.html
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