一.查看当前环境
1.1 当前控制文件中的SCN号
[oracle@ora10 ~]$ sqlplus /nolog SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Jan 17 10:11:34 2015 Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. SQL> conn /as sysdba Connected. SQL> col name format a65 SQL> select file#,to_char(checkpoint_change#,'999999999999') from v$datafile; FILE# TO_CHAR(CHECK ---------- ------------- 1 490652 2 490652 3 490652 4 490652 5 490652 SQL>
1.2 当前数据文件的状态
SQL> select file#,status,name from v$datafile; FILE# STATUS NAME ---------- ------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 1 SYSTEM /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_bc7ld3sf_.dbf 2 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_bc7ldql4_.dbf 3 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_bc7lf4bd_.dbf 4 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_bc7lflno_.dbf 5 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/test_01.dbf SQL>
二.模拟故障场景
2.1 将datafile 5 offline
SQL> alter database datafile 5 offline; Database altered. SQL> select file#,status,name from v$datafile; FILE# STATUS NAME ---------- ------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 1 SYSTEM /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_bc7ld3sf_.dbf 2 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_bc7ldql4_.db f 3 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_bc7lf4bd_.dbf 4 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_bc7lflno_.dbf 5 RECOVER /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/test_01.dbf ---文件5的状态已经被改变 SQL>
2.2 更改文件的SCN号
--做日志切换，多执行几次 SQL> alter system switch logfile; ......... SQL> select file#,checkpoint_change# from v$datafile; FILE# CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# ---------- ------------------ 1 491337 2 491337 3 491337 4 491337 5 490652 --SCN号未变 SQL> ---查看需要恢复datafile 的SCN: SQL> select file#,online_status,change# from v$recover_file; FILE# ONLINE_ CHANGE# ---------- ------- ---------- 5 OFFLINE 490652 SQL>
2.3 将datafile 5 online
SQL> alter database datafile 5 online; alter database datafile 5 online * ERROR at line 1: ORA-01113: file 5 needs media recovery ORA-01110: data file 5: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/test_01.dbf' SQL>
三.利用bbed修改文件5的scn号
3.1 再利用bbed前，将数据库关闭
SQL> shutdown immediate Database closed. Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down. SQL>
3.2 利用bbed查看文件1和文件5的scn号
----查看文件的scn号之前，先了解文件中的scn号的4个属性值
Oracle根据4个属性来判断datafile 是否和其他的datafile 一致，如果都一致，可以正常操作，如果不一致，那么会报ORA-01113错误。
- kscnbas (at offset 484) - SCN of last change to the datafile.
- kcvcptim (at offset 492) -Time of the last change to the datafile.
- kcvfhcpc (at offset 140) - Checkpoint count.
- kcvfhccc (at offset 148) - Unknown, but is always 1 less than thecheckpoint point count
这四个属性值存在File header中，即文件的第一个数据块中
---查看文件1的4个SCN属性值 BBED> set file 1 FILE# 1 BBED> set block 1 BLOCK# 1 BBED> map /v File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_bc7ld3sf_.dbf (1) Block: 1 Dba:0x00400001 ------------------------------------------------------------ Data File Header struct kcvfh, 676 bytes @0 struct kcvfhbfh, 20 bytes @0 struct kcvfhhdr, 76 bytes @20 ub4 kcvfhrdb @96 struct kcvfhcrs, 8 bytes @100 ub4 kcvfhcrt @108 ub4 kcvfhrlc @112 struct kcvfhrls, 8 bytes @116 ub4 kcvfhbti @124 struct kcvfhbsc, 8 bytes @128 ub2 kcvfhbth @136 ub2 kcvfhsta @138 struct kcvfhckp, 36 bytes @484 ub4 kcvfhcpc @140 ub4 kcvfhrts @144 ub4 kcvfhccc @148 struct kcvfhbcp, 36 bytes @152 ub4 kcvfhbhz @312 struct kcvfhxcd, 16 bytes @316 word kcvfhtsn @332 ub2 kcvfhtln @336 text kcvfhtnm[30] @338 ub4 kcvfhrfn @368 struct kcvfhrfs, 8 bytes @372 ub4 kcvfhrft @380 struct kcvfhafs, 8 bytes @384 ub4 kcvfhbbc @392 ub4 kcvfhncb @396 ub4 kcvfhmcb @400 ub4 kcvfhlcb @404 ub4 kcvfhbcs @408 ub2 kcvfhofb @412 ub2 kcvfhnfb @414 ub4 kcvfhprc @416 struct kcvfhprs, 8 bytes @420 struct kcvfhprfs, 8 bytes @428 ub4 kcvfhtrt @444 ub4 tailchk @8188 BBED> print kcvfhckp struct kcvfhckp, 36 bytes @484 struct kcvcpscn, 8 bytes @484 ub4 kscnbas @484 0x00077fd0 ub2 kscnwrp @488 0x0000 ub4 kcvcptim @492 0x33cf444d ub2 kcvcpthr @496 0x0001 union u, 12 bytes @500 struct kcvcprba, 12 bytes @500 ub4 kcrbaseq @500 0x00000010 ub4 kcrbabno @504 0x000000f3 ub2 kcrbabof @508 0x0010 ub1 kcvcpetb[0] @512 0x02 ub1 kcvcpetb[1] @513 0x00 ub1 kcvcpetb[2] @514 0x00 ub1 kcvcpetb[3] @515 0x00 ub1 kcvcpetb[4] @516 0x00 ub1 kcvcpetb[5] @517 0x00 ub1 kcvcpetb[6] @518 0x00 ub1 kcvcpetb[7] @519 0x00 BBED> print kcvfhcpc ub4 kcvfhcpc @140 0x0000004e BBED> print kcvfhccc ub4 kcvfhccc @148 0x0000004d BBED> 注意：print打印出来的值和在文件中存储的值可能不是完全一致。在intel 的little endian是低位先存储，即顺序与我们看到的是相反的.利用 dump出数据实际存储值： BBED> dump /v dba 1,1 offset 484 count 32 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_bc7ld3sf_.dbf (1) Block: 1 Offsets: 484 to 515 Dba:0x00400001 ------------------------------------------------------- d07f0700 00000000 4d44cf33 01000a00 l ......MD.... 10000000 f3000000 1000ffbf 02000000 l ............ <16 bytes per line> BBED> dump /v dba 1,1 offset 140 count 32 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_bc7ld3sf_.dbf (1) Block: 1 Offsets: 140 to 171 Dba:0x00400001 ------------------------------------------------------- 4e000000 1ecfce33 4d000000 00000000 l N....衔3M....... 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................ <16 bytes per line> BBED> ub4 kscnbas @484 0x00077fd0 -->d07f0700 这四个值才是我们要写入文件5中的 ub4 kcvcptim @492 0x33cf444d -->4d44cf33 ub4 kcvfhcpc @140 0x0000004e -->4e000000 ub4 kcvfhccc @148 0x0000004d -->4d000000
3.3 修改文件5的4个SCN值
----修改kscnbas
BBED> modify /x d07f0700 dba 5,1 offset 484 BBED-00209: invalid number (d07f0700) --报无法修改，看看两个文件的484至487的4个字节值的异同： BBED> dump /v dba 1,1 offset 484 count 32 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_bc7ld3sf_.dbf (1) Block: 1 Offsets: 484 to 515 Dba:0x00400001 ------------------------------------------------------- d07f0700 00000000 4d44cf33 01000a00 l ......MD.... 10000000 f3000000 1000ffbf 02000000 l ............ <16 bytes per line> BBED> BBED> dump /v dba 5,1 offset 484 count 32 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/test_01.dbf (5) Block: 1 Offsets: 484 to 515 Dba:0x01400001 ------------------------------------------------------- 9c7c0700 0000870a 1d3fcf33 01000000 l .|.......?.... 09000000 02000000 1000ffbf 02000000 l .............. <16 bytes per line> BBED> --观察文件1和文件5的前四个字节的异同，只修改484，485前两字节 BBED> modify /x d07f dba 5,1 offset 484 Warning: contents of previous BIFILE will be lost. Proceed? (Y/N) Y File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/test_01.dbf (5) Block: 1 Offsets: 484 to 515 Dba:0x01400001 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ d07f0700 0000870a 1d3fcf33 01000000 09000000 02000000 1000ffbf 02000000 <32 bytes per line> BBED>
----修改kcvcptim
----观察文件1和文件5的前四个字节的异同 BBED> dump /v dba 1,1 offset 492 count 4 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_bc7ld3sf_.dbf (1) Block: 1 Offsets: 492 to 495 Dba:0x00400001 ------------------------------------------------------- 4d44cf33 l MD <16 bytes per line> BBED> dump /v dba 5,1 offset 492 count 4 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/test_01.dbf (5) Block: 1 Offsets: 492 to 495 Dba:0x01400001 ------------------------------------------------------- 1d3fcf33 l .? <16 bytes per line> BBED> 同理，只需修改492，493两字节的值 BBED> modify /x 4d44 dba 5,1 offset 492 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/test_01.dbf (5) Block: 1 Offsets: 492 to 495 Dba:0x01400001 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4d44cf33 <32 bytes per line> BBED>
----修改kcvfhcpc
----观察前四个字节的异同 BBED> dump /v dba 1,1 offset 140 count 4 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_bc7ld3sf_.dbf (1) Block: 1 Offsets: 140 to 143 Dba:0x00400001 ------------------------------------------------------- 4e000000 l N... <16 bytes per line> BBED> dump /v dba 5,1 offset 140 count 4 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/test_01.dbf (5) Block: 1 Offsets: 140 to 143 Dba:0x01400001 ------------------------------------------------------- 49000000 l I... <16 bytes per line> BBED> --只需修改前两个字节 BBED> modify /x 4e00 dba 5,1 offset 140 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/test_01.dbf (5) Block: 1 Offsets: 140 to 143 Dba:0x01400001 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4e000000 <32 bytes per line> BBED>
----修改kcvfhccc
----观察前四个字节的异同 BBED> dump /v dba 1,1 offset 148 count 4 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_bc7ld3sf_.dbf (1) Block: 1 Offsets: 148 to 151 Dba:0x00400001 ------------------------------------------------------- 4d000000 l M... <16 bytes per line> BBED> dump /v dba 5,1 offset 148 count 4 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/test_01.dbf (5) Block: 1 Offsets: 148 to 151 Dba:0x01400001 ------------------------------------------------------- 48000000 l H... <16 bytes per line> BBED> ----只需修改前两个字节 BBED> modify /x 4d00 dba 5,1 offset 148 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/test_01.dbf (5) Block: 1 Offsets: 148 to 151 Dba:0x01400001 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4d000000 <32 bytes per line> BBED>
3.4 应用修改
BBED> sum apply
Check value for File 5, Block 1:
current = 0xf719, required = 0xf719
BBED>
四.创建控制文件
虽然我们修改了datafile header里的几个值，但是v$datafile里的scn并没有改变，因为v$datafile里的scn是从控制文件里读取的。 而BBED 不能修改控制文件，所以，还需要重建控制文件。
4.1 用带*._allow_resetlogs_corruption=TRUE的pfile启库到nomount状态
SQL> startup nomount pfile=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorcl.ora
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes
Fixed Size 1218992 bytes
Variable Size 92276304 bytes
Database Buffers 188743680 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
SQL>
注：如果没有此参数后期open resetlogs 时会报：
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
alter database open resetlogs
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01194: file 5 needs more recovery to be consistent
ORA-01110: data file 5: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/test_01.dbf'
4.2 创建控制文件
SQL> CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "orcl" NORESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
2 MAXLOGFILES 16
3 MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
4 MAXDATAFILES 100
5 MAXINSTANCES 8
6 MAXLOGHISTORY 292
7 LOGFILE
8 GROUP 1 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/onlinelog/redo01.log' SIZE 50M,
9 GROUP 2 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/onlinelog/redo02.log' SIZE 50M,
10 GROUP 3 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/onlinelog/redo03.log' SIZE 50M
11 DATAFILE
12 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_bc7lf4bd_.dbf',
13 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_bc7ld3sf_.dbf',
14 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_bc7ldql4_.dbf',
15 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_bc7lflno_.dbf',
16 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/test_01.dbf'
17 CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
18 ;
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "orcl" NORESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01503: CREATE CONTROLFILE failed
ORA-01229: data file 5 is inconsistent with logs
ORA-01110: data file 5: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/test_01.dbf'
SQL>
因为ORA-01229: data file 5 is inconsistent with logs，索引不能用NORESETLOGS创建控制文件，只能用RESETLOGS
SQL> CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "orcl" RESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
2 MAXLOGFILES 16
3 MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
4 MAXDATAFILES 100
5 MAXINSTANCES 8
6 MAXLOGHISTORY 292
7 LOGFILE
8 GROUP 1 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/onlinelog/redo01.log' SIZE 50M,
9 GROUP 2 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/onlinelog/redo02.log' SIZE 50M,
10 GROUP 3 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/onlinelog/redo03.log' SIZE 50M
11 DATAFILE
12 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_bc7lf4bd_.dbf',
13 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_bc7ld3sf_.dbf',
14 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_bc7ldql4_.dbf',
15 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_bc7lflno_.dbf',
16 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/test_01.dbf'
17 CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
18 ;
Control file created.
SQL>
4.3 恢复数据库
SQL> recover database using backup controlfile until cancel; ORA-00279: change 491472 generated at 01/17/2015 10:24:13 needed for thread 1 ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2015_01_17/o1_mf_1_9_%u_.arc ORA-00280: change 491472 for thread 1 is in sequence #9 Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL} auto ORA-00328: archived log ends at change 491322, need later change 491472 ORA-00334: archived log: '/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2015_01_17/o1_mf_1_9_bcnzchrb_.arc' ORA-01547: warning: RECOVER succeeded but OPEN RESETLOGS would get error below ORA-01194: file 5 needs more recovery to be consistent ORA-01110: data file 5: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/test_01.dbf' SQL> alter database open resetlogs; -- Database altered. SQL>
至此，数据库打开，不过并不是完全恢复