操作系统启动过程分析（使用qdb调试qume）

（一）实验目的

理解 Linux 的进程创建和文件执行相关系统调用，掌握操作系统（内核初始化以后的）的启动过程，掌握基本的内核调试技术。

（二）实验内容

通过调试，找出操作系统启动过程中由0号进程、1号进程和普通进程创建的所有进程的进程号，并找出1号进程和每个普通进程执行过的可执行程序。

二、操作方法与实验步骤

（一）实验步骤

（1）启动内核调试，跟踪到内核初始化以后（函数rest_init的入口处）。此时只有一个进程，即0号进程，内核已完成初始化，即将创建1号和2号进程。

（2）首先设置断点跟踪由0号进程、1号进程和普通进程创建的所有进程，同时设置断点跟踪1号进程和普通进程执行过的可执行文件，然后继续调试分析，直到系统启动完成、并出现命令提示符“/#”。提示：

    a）所有内核线程的task_struct结构的成员mm的值都是0；如果该值非0，则说明是普通进程。

    b）所有的进程创建（包括内核线程）都会最后调用函数_do_fork，新创建的子进程的pid记录在该函数的局部变量p的pid成员中，p指向新进程的进程控制块。

    c）所有可执行文件的执行都会通过内核函数do_execve，该函数的参数filename中记录的就是被执行文件的名字。可通过条件断点缩小跟踪范围。

（二）调试流程

加入断点，设置要显示的变量

 

开始调试，先跳转到了rest_init，此时是0号进程

继续执行，到了0号进程的_do_fork函数，开始单步执行

 

直到出现了新的进程p=…,用p p->pid查看进程号为1，这说明创建了1号进程

 

继续执行，到达下一个fork

 

出现的新进程为进程2

 

到达下一个断点，用x/s filename->name查看1号进程执行的可执行文件，为sbin/init

 

  

继续调试，看到1号进程创建了961号进程

 

961号进程的可执行文件为/etc/init.d/rcS

  

961号进程创建了962号进程

 

962号进程执行可执行文件/bin/mount

 

961号进程创建963号进程

 

963号进程执行/bin/mount

 

961号创建964号，

964执行/sbin/mdev,

 

回到1号进程，创建965号进程

 

1号进程创建966号进程

 

1号进程创建968号进程

 

1号创建970号进程，

 

此时qume虚拟机到达如下状态，

 

在此终端回车后，在qdb界面可以看到965号进程执行的文件，/bin/sh，此时初始化完毕，

 

 代码执行过程如下（没有体现设置断点和显示变量）

(gdb) target remote localhost:1234
Remote debugging using localhost:1234
0x0000fff0 in ?? ()
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = '00' <repeats 15 times>
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
2: $lx_current().comm = '00' <repeats 15 times>
1: $lx_current().pid = 0
(gdb) c
Continuing.

Breakpoint 9, rest_init () at init/main.c:387
387     {
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
2: $lx_current().comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 0
(gdb) c
Continuing.

Breakpoint 10, _do_fork (clone_flags=8389376, stack_start=3245147192,
    stack_size=0, parent_tidptr=0x0, child_tidptr=0x0, tls=0)
    at kernel/fork.c:1708
1708    {
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
2: $lx_current().comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 0
(gdb) s
1719            if (!(clone_flags & CLONE_UNTRACED)) {
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
2: $lx_current().comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 0
(gdb) s
1710            int trace = 0;
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
2: $lx_current().comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 0
(gdb) n
1731            p = copy_process(clone_flags, stack_start, stack_size,
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
2: $lx_current().comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 0
(gdb) n
1737            if (!IS_ERR(p)) {
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
2: $lx_current().comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 0
(gdb) p p->pid
$31 = 1
(gdb) c
Continuing.

Breakpoint 10, _do_fork (clone_flags=8390400, stack_start=3238405155,
    stack_size=0, parent_tidptr=0x0, child_tidptr=0x0, tls=0)
    at kernel/fork.c:1708
1708    {
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
2: $lx_current().comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 0
(gdb) s
1719            if (!(clone_flags & CLONE_UNTRACED)) {
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
2: $lx_current().comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 0
(gdb) n
1710            int trace = 0;
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
2: $lx_current().comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 0
(gdb) n
1731            p = copy_process(clone_flags, stack_start, stack_size,
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
2: $lx_current().comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 0
(gdb) n
1737            if (!IS_ERR(p)) {
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
2: $lx_current().comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 0
(gdb)  p p
$32 = (struct task_struct *) 0xc74fef00
(gdb) p p->pid
$33 = 2
(gdb) c
Continuing.

Breakpoint 14, do_execve (filename=0xc7534300,
    __argv=0xc191a800 <argv_init>, __envp=0xc191a760 <envp_init>)
    at fs/exec.c:1643
1643    {
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
2: $lx_current().comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 1
(gdb) x/s filename->name
0xc7534310:     "sbin/init"
(gdb) c
Continuing.

Breakpoint 11, _do_fork (clone_flags=16657, stack_start=0, stack_size=0,
    parent_tidptr=0x0, child_tidptr=0x0, tls=0) at kernel/fork.c:1708
1708    {
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
2: $lx_current().comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 1
(gdb) s
1719            if (!(clone_flags & CLONE_UNTRACED)) {
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
2: $lx_current().comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 1
(gdb) s
1720                    if (clone_flags & CLONE_VFORK)
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
2: $lx_current().comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 1
(gdb) n
1721                            trace = PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK;
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
2: $lx_current().comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 1
(gdb) n
1727                    if (likely(!ptrace_event_enabled(current, trace)))
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
2: $lx_current().comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 1
(gdb) n
1728                            trace = 0;
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
2: $lx_current().comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 1
(gdb) n
1731            p = copy_process(clone_flags, stack_start, stack_size,
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
2: $lx_current().comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 1
(gdb) n
1737            if (!IS_ERR(p)) {
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
2: $lx_current().comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 1
(gdb) p p->pid
$34 = 961
(gdb) c
Continuing.

Breakpoint 15, do_execve (filename=0xc7534300, __argv=0xbffffcdc,
    __envp=0x828fa00) at fs/exec.c:1643
1643    {
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 1
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
2: $lx_current().comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 961
(gdb) x/s filename->name
0xc7534310:     "/etc/init.d/rcS"
(gdb) c
Continuing.

Breakpoint 12, _do_fork (clone_flags=18874385, stack_start=0,
    stack_size=0, parent_tidptr=0x0, child_tidptr=0x828e8e8, tls=0)
    at kernel/fork.c:1708
1708    {
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 1
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007c000
2: $lx_current().comm = "rcS0000er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 961
(gdb) s
1719            if (!(clone_flags & CLONE_UNTRACED)) {
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 1
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007c000
2: $lx_current().comm = "rcS0000er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 961
(gdb) n
1720                    if (clone_flags & CLONE_VFORK)
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 1
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007c000
2: $lx_current().comm = "rcS0000er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 961
(gdb) n
1722                    else if ((clone_flags & CSIGNAL) != SIGCHLD)
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 1
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007c000
2: $lx_current().comm = "rcS0000er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 961
(gdb) n
1725                            trace = PTRACE_EVENT_FORK;
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 1
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007c000
2: $lx_current().comm = "rcS0000er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 961
(gdb) n
1727                    if (likely(!ptrace_event_enabled(current, trace)))
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 1
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007c000
2: $lx_current().comm = "rcS0000er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 961
(gdb) n
1728                            trace = 0;
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 1
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007c000
2: $lx_current().comm = "rcS0000er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 961
(gdb) n
1731            p = copy_process(clone_flags, stack_start, stack_size,
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 1
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007c000
2: $lx_current().comm = "rcS0000er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 961
(gdb) n
1737            if (!IS_ERR(p)) {
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 1
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007c000
2: $lx_current().comm = "rcS0000er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 961
(gdb) p p->pid
$35 = 962
(gdb) c
Continuing.

Breakpoint 15, do_execve (filename=0xc7534300, __argv=0x828fcd0,
    __envp=0x828fcec) at fs/exec.c:1643
1643    {
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007c000
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "rcS0000er/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 961
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007da40
2: $lx_current().comm = "rcS0000er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 962
(gdb) x/s filename->name
0xc7534310:     "/bin/mount"
(gdb) c
Continuing.

Breakpoint 12, _do_fork (clone_flags=18874385, stack_start=0,
    stack_size=0, parent_tidptr=0x0, child_tidptr=0x828e8e8, tls=0)
    at kernel/fork.c:1708
1708    {
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 1
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007c000
2: $lx_current().comm = "rcS0000er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 961
(gdb) s
1719            if (!(clone_flags & CLONE_UNTRACED)) {
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 1
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007c000
2: $lx_current().comm = "rcS0000er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 961
(gdb) n
1720                    if (clone_flags & CLONE_VFORK)
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 1
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007c000
2: $lx_current().comm = "rcS0000er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 961
(gdb) n
1722                    else if ((clone_flags & CSIGNAL) != SIGCHLD)
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 1
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007c000
2: $lx_current().comm = "rcS0000er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 961
(gdb) n
1725                            trace = PTRACE_EVENT_FORK;
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 1
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007c000
2: $lx_current().comm = "rcS0000er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 961
(gdb) n
1727                    if (likely(!ptrace_event_enabled(current, trace)))
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 1
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007c000
2: $lx_current().comm = "rcS0000er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 961
(gdb) n
1728                            trace = 0;
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 1
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007c000
2: $lx_current().comm = "rcS0000er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 961
(gdb) n
1731            p = copy_process(clone_flags, stack_start, stack_size,
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 1
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007c000
2: $lx_current().comm = "rcS0000er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 961
(gdb) n
1737            if (!IS_ERR(p)) {
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 1
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007c000
2: $lx_current().comm = "rcS0000er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 961
(gdb) p p->pid
$36 = 963
(gdb) c
Continuing.

Breakpoint 15, do_execve (filename=0xc7534300, __argv=0x828fcd0,
    __envp=0x828fcec) at fs/exec.c:1643
1643    {
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007c000
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "rcS0000er/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 961
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007c2a0
2: $lx_current().comm = "rcS0000er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 963
(gdb) x/s filename->name
0xc7534310:     "/bin/mount"
(gdb) c
Continuing.

Breakpoint 12, _do_fork (clone_flags=18874385, stack_start=0,
    stack_size=0, parent_tidptr=0x0, child_tidptr=0x828e8e8, tls=0)
    at kernel/fork.c:1708
1708    {
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 1
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007c000
2: $lx_current().comm = "rcS0000er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 961
(gdb) s
1719            if (!(clone_flags & CLONE_UNTRACED)) {
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 1
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007c000
2: $lx_current().comm = "rcS0000er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 961
(gdb) n
1720                    if (clone_flags & CLONE_VFORK)
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 1
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007c000
2: $lx_current().comm = "rcS0000er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 961
(gdb) n
1722                    else if ((clone_flags & CSIGNAL) != SIGCHLD)
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 1
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007c000
2: $lx_current().comm = "rcS0000er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 961
(gdb) n
1725                            trace = PTRACE_EVENT_FORK;
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 1
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007c000
2: $lx_current().comm = "rcS0000er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 961
(gdb) n
1727                    if (likely(!ptrace_event_enabled(current, trace)))
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 1
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007c000
2: $lx_current().comm = "rcS0000er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 961
(gdb) n
1728                            trace = 0;
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 1
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007c000
2: $lx_current().comm = "rcS0000er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 961
(gdb) n
1731            p = copy_process(clone_flags, stack_start, stack_size,
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 1
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007c000
2: $lx_current().comm = "rcS0000er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 961
(gdb) n
1737            if (!IS_ERR(p)) {
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 1
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007c000
2: $lx_current().comm = "rcS0000er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 961
(gdb) p p->pid
$37 = 964
(gdb) c
Continuing.

Breakpoint 15, do_execve (filename=0xc7534300, __argv=0x828fc68,
    __envp=0x828fc74) at fs/exec.c:1643
1643    {
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007c000
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "rcS0000er/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 961
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007c540
2: $lx_current().comm = "rcS0000er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 964
(gdb) x/s filename->name
0xc7534310:     "/sbin/mdev"
(gdb) c
Continuing.

Breakpoint 11, _do_fork (clone_flags=18874385, stack_start=0,
    stack_size=0, parent_tidptr=0x0, child_tidptr=0x828e8e8, tls=0)
    at kernel/fork.c:1708
1708    {
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
2: $lx_current().comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 1
(gdb) s
1719            if (!(clone_flags & CLONE_UNTRACED)) {
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
2: $lx_current().comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 1
(gdb) n
1720                    if (clone_flags & CLONE_VFORK)
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
2: $lx_current().comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 1
(gdb) n
1722                    else if ((clone_flags & CSIGNAL) != SIGCHLD)
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
2: $lx_current().comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 1
(gdb) n
1725                            trace = PTRACE_EVENT_FORK;
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
2: $lx_current().comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 1
(gdb) n
1727                    if (likely(!ptrace_event_enabled(current, trace)))
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
2: $lx_current().comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 1
(gdb) n
1728                            trace = 0;
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
2: $lx_current().comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 1
(gdb) n
1731            p = copy_process(clone_flags, stack_start, stack_size,
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
2: $lx_current().comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 1
(gdb) n
1737            if (!IS_ERR(p)) {
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
2: $lx_current().comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 1
(gdb) p p->pid
$38 = 965
(gdb) c
Continuing.

Breakpoint 11, _do_fork (clone_flags=18874385, stack_start=0,
    stack_size=0, parent_tidptr=0x0, child_tidptr=0x828e8e8, tls=0)
    at kernel/fork.c:1708
1708    {
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
2: $lx_current().comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 1
(gdb) s
1719            if (!(clone_flags & CLONE_UNTRACED)) {
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
2: $lx_current().comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 1
(gdb) n
1720                    if (clone_flags & CLONE_VFORK)
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
2: $lx_current().comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 1
(gdb) n
1722                    else if ((clone_flags & CSIGNAL) != SIGCHLD)
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
2: $lx_current().comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 1
(gdb) n
1725                            trace = PTRACE_EVENT_FORK;
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
2: $lx_current().comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 1
(gdb) n
1727                    if (likely(!ptrace_event_enabled(current, trace)))
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
2: $lx_current().comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 1
(gdb) n
1728                            trace = 0;
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
2: $lx_current().comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 1
(gdb) n
1731            p = copy_process(clone_flags, stack_start, stack_size,
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
2: $lx_current().comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 1
(gdb) n
1737            if (!IS_ERR(p)) {
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
2: $lx_current().comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 1
(gdb) p p->pid
$39 = 966
(gdb) c
Continuing.

Breakpoint 11, _do_fork (clone_flags=18874385, stack_start=0,
    stack_size=0, parent_tidptr=0x0, child_tidptr=0x828e8e8, tls=0)
    at kernel/fork.c:1708
1708    {
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
2: $lx_current().comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 1
(gdb) s
1719            if (!(clone_flags & CLONE_UNTRACED)) {
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
2: $lx_current().comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 1
(gdb) n
1720                    if (clone_flags & CLONE_VFORK)
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
2: $lx_current().comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 1
(gdb) n
1722                    else if ((clone_flags & CSIGNAL) != SIGCHLD)
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
2: $lx_current().comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 1
(gdb) n
1725                            trace = PTRACE_EVENT_FORK;
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
2: $lx_current().comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 1
(gdb) n
1727                    if (likely(!ptrace_event_enabled(current, trace)))
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
2: $lx_current().comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 1
(gdb) n
1728                            trace = 0;
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
2: $lx_current().comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 1
(gdb) n
1731            p = copy_process(clone_flags, stack_start, stack_size,
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
2: $lx_current().comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 1
(gdb) n
1737            if (!IS_ERR(p)) {
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
2: $lx_current().comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 1
(gdb) p p->pid
$40 = 968
(gdb) c
Continuing.

Breakpoint 11, _do_fork (clone_flags=18874385, stack_start=0,
    stack_size=0, parent_tidptr=0x0, child_tidptr=0x828e8e8, tls=0)
    at kernel/fork.c:1708
1708    {
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
2: $lx_current().comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 1
(gdb) s
1719            if (!(clone_flags & CLONE_UNTRACED)) {
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
2: $lx_current().comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 1
(gdb) n
1720                    if (clone_flags & CLONE_VFORK)
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
2: $lx_current().comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 1
(gdb) n
1722                    else if ((clone_flags & CSIGNAL) != SIGCHLD)
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
2: $lx_current().comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 1
(gdb) n
1725                            trace = PTRACE_EVENT_FORK;
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
2: $lx_current().comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 1
(gdb) n
1727                    if (likely(!ptrace_event_enabled(current, trace)))
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
2: $lx_current().comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 1
(gdb) n
1728                            trace = 0;
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
2: $lx_current().comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 1
(gdb) n
1731            p = copy_process(clone_flags, stack_start, stack_size,
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
2: $lx_current().comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 1
(gdb) n
1737            if (!IS_ERR(p)) {
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0x0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "swapper/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 0
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
2: $lx_current().comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 1
(gdb) p p->pid
$41 = 970
(gdb) c
Continuing.

Breakpoint 15, do_execve (filename=0xc7533240, __argv=0xbffffcf0,
    __envp=0x828fa00) at fs/exec.c:1643
1643    {
6: $lx_current().parent->mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007dce0
5: $lx_current().parent->comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
4: $lx_current().parent->pid = 1
3: $lx_current().mm = (struct mm_struct *) 0xc007c000
2: $lx_current().comm = "init00er/0000000000000"
1: $lx_current().pid = 965
(gdb) x/s filename->name
0xc7533250:     "/bin/sh"
(gdb) c
Continuing.

三、实验结果与分析

（一）实验结果

（1）0号进程创建了1号进程和2号进程。

（2）1号进程创建了961、965、966、968、970号进程， 961号进程执行的文件为“etc/init.d/rcS”，966号进程执行的文件为“？/bin/sh”。

（3）961号进程分别创建了962、963、964号进程。其中962号、963号进程执行的文件为"/bin/mount"，964号进程执行的文件为"/sbin/mdev"。

（4）。

（二）实验分析

0号进程是系统创建的第一个进程，也是唯一一个没有通过fork或者kernel_thread产生的进程。0号进程在rest_init中分别通过kernel_init和kthreadd创建了1号进程和2号进程。

1号进程由0号进程通过kernel_init创建，所有用户进程的都是1号进程或该进程的子孙进程创建。在初始化过程中1号进程先是创建了961号进程，再由961号进程创建962、963和964号进程，从而完成了mount和mdev的调用。初始化完毕以后，1号进程创建了965、966、968、970号进程。

四、问题与建议

1.多次实验做的结果不一样，第一次的从962号开始的，后面几次做进程号整体大1，不知道是差别在哪。

2.与同学交流结果也不同，他们最大到了966号进程。

五、老师讲评

0号进程创建了1号和2号线程。

1号进程最开始运行时作为内核线程开始运行的，执行了“kernel_init”函数。

2号线程是专门管理内核线程的线程，所以可以看到所有的内核线程都是2号线程创建的。2号监控链表kthread_create_list，即内核函数入口链表，一旦链表中出现新的函数，2号线程就会创建出新的内核线程来运行，2号干这个事情。

链表稳定后，1号线程先有个同步操作，再执行“init”可执行文件，执行完之后1号就从内核线程变成普通进程，完成转换。962号运行“rcS”，966号运行“sh”，即运行命令解释器，尔后输入什么命令就会创建新的子进程来执行命令。同时967、968、970是与966相似的三个终端。

要求：把内核源代码看一下，kernel_init,kthreadd