1、进入数据库，查看binlog状态 mysql> show variables like '%log-bin%' ; Empty set (0.00 sec) 2、修改MySQL配置文件 [root@localhost bin]# vi /etc/my.cnf // 找到mysqld，在下面添加如下数据 server-id = 1 # 单个节点id log-bin=/var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin # binlog日志文件保存地址 expire_logs_days = 10 # 日志过期时间 保存并退出 3. 重启MySQL service mysqld restart 4. 再次查看binlog状态 mysql> show variables like '%log_bin%'; +---------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | log_bin | ON | | log_bin_basename | /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin | | log_bin_index | /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.index | | log_bin_trust_function_creators | OFF | | log_bin_use_v1_row_events | OFF | | sql_log_bin | ON | +---------------------------------+--------------------------------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec) 可以看到，binlog已经开启 5. Binlog日志包括两类文件；第一个是二进制索引文件(后缀名为.index),第二个为日志文件(后缀名为.00000*),记录数据库所有的DDL和DML(除了查询语句select)语句事件 可以查看所有binlog日志文件列表 mysql> show master logs; +------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +------------------+-----------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 154 | +------------------+-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) 6. 查看最后一个binlog日志的编号名称及其最后一个操作事件pos结束点的值 mysql> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 154 | | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec) 7. 执行Flush logs , 刷新日志，此刻开始产生一个新编号的binlog文件 mysql> Flush logs; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | mysql-bin.000002 | 154 | | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show master logs; +------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +------------------+-----------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 201 | | mysql-bin.000002 | 154 | +------------------+-----------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) 每当mysqld服务重启时，会自动执行刷新binlog日志命令，mysqldump备份数据时加-F选项也会刷新binlog日志 8. 可以通过mysqlbinlog查看binlog日志，（cat命令无法查看） [root@localhost ~]# whereis mysqlbinlog mysqlbinlog: /usr/bin/mysqlbinlog /usr/share/man/man1/mysqlbinlog.1.gz [root@localhost mysql]# /usr/bin/mysqlbinlog mysql-bin.000001 mysqlbinlog: [ERROR] unknown variable 'default-character-set=utf8' // 此处报错是因为mysqlbinlog这个工具无法识别binlog中的配置中的default-character-set=utf8这个指令 //有两个解决方案： 1.是在MySQL的配置/etc/my.cnf中将default-character-set=utf8 修改为 character-set-server = utf8，但是这需要重启MySQL服务，如果你的MySQL服务正在忙，那这样的代价会比较大。 2.用mysqlbinlog --no-defaults mysql-bin.000001 命令打开 [root@localhost mysql]# /usr/bin/mysqlbinlog --no-defaults mysql-bin.000001 /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/; /*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/; DELIMITER /*!*/; # at 4 #200715 19:58:14 server id 1 end_log_pos 123 CRC32 0x1c66870e Start: binlog v 4, server v 5.7.27-log created 200715 19:58:14 at startup # Warning: this binlog is either in use or was not closed properly. ROLLBACK/*!*/; BINLOG ' Vu8OXw8BAAAAdwAAAHsAAAABAAQANS43LjI3LWxvZwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABW7w5fEzgNAAgAEgAEBAQEEgAAXwAEGggAAAAICAgCAAAACgoKKioAEjQA AQ6HZhw= '/*!*/; # at 123 #200715 19:58:14 server id 1 end_log_pos 154 CRC32 0x59a19e6a Previous-GTIDs # [empty] SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'AUTOMATIC' /* added by mysqlbinlog */ /*!*/; DELIMITER ; # End of log file /*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/; /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/; 9. 也可以在mysql中以show binlog events in 'mysql-bin.000001'; 查看 mysql> show binlog events in 'mysql-bin.000001'; +------------------+-----+----------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------+ | Log_name | Pos | Event_type | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info | +------------------+-----+----------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 4 | Format_desc | 1 | 123 | Server ver: 5.7.27-log, Binlog ver: 4 | | mysql-bin.000001 | 123 | Previous_gtids | 1 | 154 | | +------------------+-----+----------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) 10. 执行下面SQL create database hello ; create table student(id int primary key auto_increment , name varchar(20) , age int ); insert into student (name , age ) values ('张三',18), ('李四',20), ('王五',19); 11. 将hello数据库备份到本地 [root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -u root -p hello > /root/hello.sql Enter password: 12. 执行flush logs 生成新的binlog日志 mysql> flush logs ; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> show master logs ; +------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +------------------+-----------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 201 | | mysql-bin.000002 | 896 | | mysql-bin.000003 | 154 | +------------------+-----------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show master status ; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | mysql-bin.000003 | 154 | | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) 14. 往student表中新增两条数据 mysql> insert into student (name , age ) values ('赵六',28),('周七',25); Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from student ; +----+--------+------+ | id | name | age | +----+--------+------+ | 1 | 张三 | 18 | | 2 | 李四 | 20 | | 3 | 王五 | 19 | | 4 | 赵六 | 28 | | 5 | 周七 | 25 | +----+--------+------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) 15.模拟误删操作（当然也可能是删库跑路那种...），删除hello数据库 mysql> drop database hello ; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) 16. 新建hello数据库，执行之前备份的SQL文件，数据已经恢复到备份那一刻 mysql> create database hello ; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> use hello ; Database changed mysql> source /root/hello.sql Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from student ; +----+--------+------+ | id | name | age | +----+--------+------+ | 1 | 张三 | 18 | | 2 | 李四 | 20 | | 3 | 王五 | 19 | +----+--------+------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) 17. 执行flush logs 生成新的binlog日志，方便操作之前的binlog日志 mysql> flush logs -> ; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show master logs ; +------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +------------------+-----------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 201 | | mysql-bin.000002 | 896 | | mysql-bin.000003 | 1347 | | mysql-bin.000004 | 154 | +------------------+-----------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show master status ; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | mysql-bin.000004 | 154 | | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) 18. 查看日志4：show binlog events in 'mysql-bin.000003' ; mysql> show binlog events in 'mysql-bin.000003' ; +------------------+-----+----------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------+ | Log_name | Pos | Event_type | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info | +------------------+-----+----------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------+ | mysql-bin.000003 | 4 | Format_desc | 1 | 123 | Server ver: 5.7.27-log, Binlog ver: 4 | | mysql-bin.000003 | 123 | Previous_gtids | 1 | 154 | | | mysql-bin.000003 | 154 | Anonymous_Gtid | 1 | 219 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS' | | mysql-bin.000003 | 219 | Query | 1 | 292 | BEGIN | | mysql-bin.000003 | 292 | Table_map | 1 | 347 | table_id: 113 (hello.student) | | mysql-bin.000003 | 347 | Write_rows | 1 | 414 | table_id: 113 flags: STMT_END_F | | mysql-bin.000003 | 414 | Xid | 1 | 445 | COMMIT /* xid=242 */ | | mysql-bin.000003| 445 | Anonymous_Gtid | 1 | 510 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS' | | mysql-bin.000003| 510 | Query | 1 | 605 | drop database hello | | mysql-bin.000003 | 605 | Anonymous_Gtid | 1 | 670 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS' | | mysql-bin.000003| 670 | Query | 1 | 767 | create database hello | | mysql-bin.000003| 767 | Rotate | 1 | 814 | mysql-bin.000007;pos=4 | +------------------+-----+----------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------+ 可以看出，在292开启事务，414开始写入内容，445提交事务 19. 在mysql外部执行数据恢复指令 [root@localhost mysql]# /usr/bin/mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --start-position=292 --stop-position=445 --database=hello /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000003 | /usr/bin/mysql -uroot -pitheima -v hello mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. -------------- /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/ -------------- -------------- /*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/ -------------- -------------- BINLOG ' YP0OXw8BAAAAdwAAAHsAAAAAAAQANS43LjI3LWxvZwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEzgNAAgAEgAEBAQEEgAAXwAEGggAAAAICAgCAAAACgoKKioAEjQA Af0bDWo= ' -------------- -------------- BINLOG ' gP0OXxMBAAAANwAAAFsBAAAAAHEAAAAAAAEABWhlbGxvAAdzdHVkZW50AAMDDwMCPAAGrW1P0A== gP0OXx4BAAAAQwAAAJ4BAAAAAHEAAAAAAAEAAgAD//gGAAAABui1teWFrRwAAAD4BwAAAAblkajk uIMZAAAAZ7sssw== ' -------------- -------------- COMMIT -------------- -------------- SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'AUTOMATIC' -------------- -------------- /*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/ -------------- -------------- /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/ -------------- [root@localhost mysql]# 20.mysql查看student表数据，搞定！ mysql> select * from student ; +----+--------+------+ | id | name | age | +----+--------+------+ | 1 | 张三 | 18 | | 2 | 李四 | 20 | | 3 | 王五 | 19 | | 6 | 赵六 | 28 | | 7 | 周七 | 25 | +----+--------+------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)