nhibernate配置教程

前几天在看petshop4的pdf详解文档，作者说如果这个架构再加上orm，那就prefect了，当时就对orm很感兴趣了，就上网找了点资料了解下，准备对nhibernate入门了。

经过2天的闷头奋战，终于入门了，累啊，发现查了网上很多资料都不是很详细入门教程，怎么都调试不过去，不过后来还是给我瞎搞八搞给弄出来了，赶紧记下来。

1．为系统引入NHibernate的库，并且配置NHibernate；

2．新建一个将要持久化.Net对象的表；

3．构建一个需要被持久化的.Net类；

4．构建一个可以让NHibernate知道如何完成ORM映射的XML文件；

5．使用NHibernate的API来编程

我下载的nhibernate(http://www.nhibernate.org/)版本是2.0.1的，使用的配置是: sqlser2000+nhibernate2.1.0+vs2008

一、新建一个web项目，命名为Webapplication1,然后把下载的nhibernate添加到项目中(Castle.Core.dll,Castle.DynamicProxy2.dll,Iesi.Collections.dll,log4net.dll,NHibernate.dll)

二、在数据库里面新建一个数据库NHibernateSample，新建一张表Student

view plaincopy to clipboardprint?
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Student] (  
 [StudentId] [int] IDENTITY (1, 1) NOT NULL ,  
 [StudentName] [nvarchar] (40) COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS NULL ,  
 [StudentPassword] [nvarchar] (20) COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS NULL ,  
 [EmailAddress] [nvarchar] (40) COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS NULL ,  
 [DateCreated] [datetime] NULL   
)  
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Student] (
 [StudentId] [int] IDENTITY (1, 1) NOT NULL ,
 [StudentName] [nvarchar] (40) COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS NULL ,
 [StudentPassword] [nvarchar] (20) COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS NULL ,
 [EmailAddress] [nvarchar] (40) COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS NULL ,
 [DateCreated] [datetime] NULL
) 

三、新建一个持久化类Student.cs文件，

view plaincopy to clipboardprint?
public class Student  
   {  
       public Student() { }  
 
       private int studentId;  
       private string studentName;  
       private string studentPassword;  
       private string emailAddress;  
       private DateTime dateCreated;  
       private ISet courses = new HashedSet();  
 
       public virtual int StudentId  
       {  
           get { return studentId; }  
           set { studentId = value; }  
       }  
 
 
       public virtual string StudentName  
       {  
           get { return studentName; }  
           set { studentName = value; }  
       }  
       public virtual string StudentPassword  
       {  
           get { return studentPassword; }  
           set { studentPassword = value; }  
       }  
       public virtual string EmailAddress  
       {  
           get { return emailAddress; }  
           set { emailAddress = value; }  
       }  
       public virtual DateTime DateCreated  
       {  
           get { return dateCreated; }  
           set { dateCreated = value; }  
       }  
       public virtual ISet Courses  
       {  
           get { return courses; }  
           set { courses = value; }  
       }         
   } 
 public class Student
    {
        public Student() { }

        private int studentId;
        private string studentName;
        private string studentPassword;
        private string emailAddress;
        private DateTime dateCreated;
        private ISet courses = new HashedSet();

        public virtual int StudentId
        {
            get { return studentId; }
            set { studentId = value; }
        }

        public virtual string StudentName
        {
            get { return studentName; }
            set { studentName = value; }
        }
        public virtual string StudentPassword
        {
            get { return studentPassword; }
            set { studentPassword = value; }
        }
        public virtual string EmailAddress
        {
            get { return emailAddress; }
            set { emailAddress = value; }
        }
        public virtual DateTime DateCreated
        {
            get { return dateCreated; }
            set { dateCreated = value; }
        }
        public virtual ISet Courses
        {
            get { return courses; }
            set { courses = value; }
        }      
    }

virtual方法是要加上去的，不然会报错：The following types may not be used as proxies

然后再新建一个Student.hbm.xml映射文件，这个映射文件也可以用软件自动生成，这样就不用自己编写了。

 view plaincopy to clipboardprint?
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> 
<hibernate-mapping xmlns="urn:nhibernate-mapping-2.2"> 
    <class name="WebApplication1.Student, WebApplication1" table="Student"> 
        <id name="StudentId" column="StudentId" type="Int32"> 
            <generator class="native" /> 
        </id> 
        <property name="StudentName" column= "StudentName" type="string" length="40"/> 
        <property name="StudentPassword" type="string" length="20"/> 
        <property name="EmailAddress" type="String" length="40"/> 
        <property name="DateCreated" type="DateTime" length="8"/> 
        <set name="Courses" table="StudentCourse" inverse="false"> 
            <key column="StudentID"/> 
            <many-to-many column="CourseID" class=" WebApplication1.Course, WebApplication1 "/> 
        </set> 
    </class> 
</hibernate-mapping> 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<hibernate-mapping xmlns="urn:nhibernate-mapping-2.2">
    <class name="WebApplication1.Student, WebApplication1" table="Student">
        <id name="StudentId" column="StudentId" type="Int32">
            <generator class="native" />
        </id>
        <property name="StudentName" column= "StudentName" type="string" length="40"/>
        <property name="StudentPassword" type="string" length="20"/>
        <property name="EmailAddress" type="String" length="40"/>
        <property name="DateCreated" type="DateTime" length="8"/>
        <set name="Courses" table="StudentCourse" inverse="false">
            <key column="StudentID"/>
            <many-to-many column="CourseID" class=" WebApplication1.Course, WebApplication1 "/>
        </set>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>
 

  <class name="WebApplication1.Student, WebApplication1" table="Student">

这个不要搞错，根据自己的项目程序集命名

这个xml文件建好之后还要把它设为嵌入的资源，不然会报错：in expected: <end-of-text>

设置方法：右击文件-属性-生成操作选项里面改成‘嵌入的资源’

四、创建一个配置文件，这个配置文件一共有3种写法

 1：在web.config,App.config里面配置

  则需要这样实例化Configuration对象。
  NHibernate.Cfg.Configuration cfg = new NHibernate.Cfg.Configuration();
  这种配置方法将会到应用程序配置文件（App.Config,Web.Config）中查找NHibernate的配置信息

 2：hibernate.cfg.xml
  建立名为hibernate.cfg.xml的文件。实例化Configuration config = new Configuration().Configure();这样NHibernate将会在目录下自动寻找hibernate.cfg.xml的配置文件。文件创建在bin文件夹下面
  hibernate.cfg.xml的格式

  view plaincopy to clipboardprint?
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>  
<hibernate-configuration  xmlns="urn:nhibernate-configuration-2.2" >  
    <session-factory>  
        <property name="connection.driver_class">NHibernate.Driver.SqlClientDriver</property>  
        <property name="connection.connection_string">  
            Data Source=.;Initial Catalog=NHibernateSample;Persist Security Info=True;User ID=sa;Password=11  
        </property>  
        <property name="adonet.batch_size">10</property>  
        <property name="show_sql">true</property>  
        <property name="dialect">NHibernate.Dialect.MsSql2000Dialect</property>  
        <property name="use_outer_join">true</property>  
        <property name="command_timeout">10</property>  
        <property name="query.substitutions">true 1, false 0, yes 'Y', no 'N'</property>  
        <mapping assembly="WebApplication1"/>  
    </session-factory>  
</hibernate-configuration> 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<hibernate-configuration  xmlns="urn:nhibernate-configuration-2.2" >
    <session-factory>
        <property name="connection.driver_class">NHibernate.Driver.SqlClientDriver</property>
        <property name="connection.connection_string">
            Data Source=.;Initial Catalog=NHibernateSample;Persist Security Info=True;User ID=sa;Password=11
        </property>
        <property name="adonet.batch_size">10</property>
        <property name="show_sql">true</property>
        <property name="dialect">NHibernate.Dialect.MsSql2000Dialect</property>
        <property name="use_outer_join">true</property>
        <property name="command_timeout">10</property>
        <property name="query.substitutions">true 1, false 0, yes 'Y', no 'N'</property>
        <mapping assembly="WebApplication1"/>
    </session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>
注意更改数据库名称和密码

3：直接用程序指明配置信息，比较繁琐，不提倡

我采用的是第二种方法，直接在bin文件夹下面创建hibernate.cfg.xml文件。

五、开始用nhibernate来进行操作数据库了，新建Dal.cs类，

view plaincopy to clipboardprint?
public class Dal  
    {  
        public void testData()   
        {  
 
            NHibernate.Cfg.Configuration mCfg = new NHibernate.Cfg.Configuration().Configure();  
            NHibernate.ISessionFactory SessionFactory = null;  
 
            SessionFactory = mCfg.BuildSessionFactory();  
            ISession vSession = SessionFactory.OpenSession(); 
 
            #region 查询  
              
            string hsql = "from Student where StudentName='kexd'";  
            IQuery query = vSession.CreateQuery(hsql);  
 
            //this.dataGridView1.DataSource = query.List<Person>();  
            IList<Student> list = query.List<Student>();  
            if (list.Count > 0)  
            {  
                Student obj = (Student)list[0];  
                //.....  
            } 
             
            #endregion 
 
            #region 插入  
            /* 
            Student stu = new Student(); 
            stu.StudentName = "test22"; 
            stu.StudentPassword = "test22"; 
            stu.EmailAddress = "test22@54job.com"; 
            stu.DateCreated = DateTime.Now; 
            ITransaction vTransaction = vSession.BeginTransaction(); 
            try 
            { 
                vSession.Save(stu); 
                vTransaction.Commit(); 
            } 
            catch (Exception) 
            { 
                vTransaction.Rollback(); 
            } 
            vSession.Close(); 
             */  
            #endregion 
 
            #region 更新  
            /* 
            IQuery query = vSession.CreateQuery("from Student where StudentName='kexd'"); 
            IList<Student> list = query.List<Student>(); 
            ITransaction vTransaction = vSession.BeginTransaction(); 
            try 
            { 
                foreach (Student stu in list) 
                { 
                    stu.EmailAddress = "kesfzu@21cn.com"; 
                    vSession.Save(stu); 
                } 
                vTransaction.Commit(); 
            } 
            catch (Exception) 
            { 
                vTransaction.Rollback(); 
            } 
            finally 
            { 
                vSession.Close(); 
            } 
             */
            #endregion 
 
            #region 删除  
            /* 
            IQuery query = vSession.CreateQuery("from Student where StudentName='ffer'"); 
            IList<Student> list = query.List<Student>(); 
            ITransaction vTransaction = vSession.BeginTransaction(); 
            try 
            { 
                foreach (Student stu in list) 
                { 
                    vSession.Delete(stu); 
                } 
                vTransaction.Commit(); 
            } 
            catch (Exception) 
            { 
                vTransaction.Rollback(); 
            } 
            finally 
            { 
                vSession.Close(); 
            } 
             */
            #endregion  
        }  
    } 
public class Dal
    {
        public void testData()
        {

            NHibernate.Cfg.Configuration mCfg = new NHibernate.Cfg.Configuration().Configure();
            NHibernate.ISessionFactory SessionFactory = null;

            SessionFactory = mCfg.BuildSessionFactory();
            ISession vSession = SessionFactory.OpenSession();

            #region 查询
           
            string hsql = "from Student where StudentName='kexd'";
            IQuery query = vSession.CreateQuery(hsql);

            //this.dataGridView1.DataSource = query.List<Person>();
            IList<Student> list = query.List<Student>();
            if (list.Count > 0)
            {
                Student obj = (Student)list[0];
                //.....
            }
           
            #endregion

            #region 插入
            /*
            Student stu = new Student();
            stu.StudentName = "test22";
            stu.StudentPassword = "test22";
            stu.EmailAddress = "test22@54job.com";
            stu.DateCreated = DateTime.Now;
            ITransaction vTransaction = vSession.BeginTransaction();
            try
            {
                vSession.Save(stu);
                vTransaction.Commit();
            }
            catch (Exception)
            {
                vTransaction.Rollback();
            }
            vSession.Close();
             */
            #endregion

            #region 更新
            /*
            IQuery query = vSession.CreateQuery("from Student where StudentName='kexd'");
            IList<Student> list = query.List<Student>();
            ITransaction vTransaction = vSession.BeginTransaction();
            try
            {
                foreach (Student stu in list)
                {
                    stu.EmailAddress = "kesfzu@21cn.com";
                    vSession.Save(stu);
                }
                vTransaction.Commit();
            }
            catch (Exception)
            {
                vTransaction.Rollback();
            }
            finally
            {
                vSession.Close();
            }
             */
            #endregion

            #region 删除
            /*
            IQuery query = vSession.CreateQuery("from Student where StudentName='ffer'");
            IList<Student> list = query.List<Student>();
            ITransaction vTransaction = vSession.BeginTransaction();
            try
            {
                foreach (Student stu in list)
                {
                    vSession.Delete(stu);
                }
                vTransaction.Commit();
            }
            catch (Exception)
            {
                vTransaction.Rollback();
            }
            finally
            {
                vSession.Close();
            }
             */
            #endregion
        }
    }

 引入2个类库

using NHibernate;
using System.Collections.Generic;

OK,查询，更新，插入，删除操作都有了，要用哪个去掉注释就行了，现在就可以在default.aspx，里面调用testData()方法测试了

本文来自CSDN博客，转载请标明出处：http://blog.csdn.net/msw120/archive/2009/09/21/4576707.aspx