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  • 自动化运维工具--ansible

    作用:ansible是一款强大的配置管理工具,可以对成百上千台服务器进行管理,ansible可以理解为一个管理员,基于SSH协议对多台服务器进行指令下

    发实现多台服务器的批量操作,一次下发一条命令(ansible ad-hoc模式)的方式来控制服务器,也可以将多条命令写在纸上(ansible playbook模式)让服

    务器按照你写好指令工作,也可以通过管理配置实现多台服务器同一时间做不通的事情。上述这些操作都可以基于ansible来实现,前提是ansible可以通

    过SSH协议远程服务器

    安装:

    Centos或者redhat可以通过yum安装

    yum -y install ansible

    配置:正常情况下默认配置即可满足

    规划:

    配置文件详解:/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg

    inventory=/etc/ansible/hosts  表示主机清单inventory文件的位置

    forks=5    并发连接数默认为5

    sudo_user=root  默认执行命令的用户

    remote_port=22     指定连接被管理节点的管理端口,默认是22端口,建议修改成其它的端口,能够更安全

    host_key_checking = False  设置是否检查SSH主机的秘钥,值为True/False。关闭后第一次连接不会提示配置实例

    timeout=60  设置SSH连接的超时时间,单位为秒

    log_path = /var/log/ansible.log  指定一个存储ansible的文件

    配置文件参考:

    [defaults]          #通用默认配置
    inventory      = /etc/ansible/hosts     #被控制端IP或者DNS列表
    library        = /usr/share/my_modules/     ##默认搜寻模块的位置
    remote_tmp     = ~/.ansible/tmp            #远程执行临时文件
    local_tmp      = ~/.ansible/tmp
    plugin_filters_cfg = /etc/ansible/plugin_filters.yml
    forks          = 5      ##并行线程数
    poll_interval  = 15     ##回频率或轮询间隔时间
    sudo_user      = root       ##sudo远程执行用户名
    ask_sudo_pass = True        ##使用sudo,是否需要输入密码
    ask_pass      = True        ##是否需要输入密码
    transport      = smart      ##通信机制
    remote_port    = 22         ##远程SSH端口
    module_lang    = C          ##模块和系统之间通信的语言
    module_set_locale = False
    gathering = implicit        ##控制默认facts收集(远程系统变量)
    gather_subset = all
    gather_timeout = 10
    roles_path    = /etc/ansible/roles      ##使用playbook搜索Ansible roles
    host_key_checking = False       ##是否检查远程主机密钥
    sudo_exe = sudo         ##sudo远程执行命令
    sudo_flags = -H -S -n       ##传递sudo之外的参数
    timeout = 10            ##SSH超时时间
    remote_user = root      ##远程登录用户名
    log_path = /var/log/ansible.log     ##日志文件存放路径
    module_name = command       ##Ansible命令默认执行的模块
    executable = /bin/sh        ##执行的shell环境,用户shell模块
    hash_behaviour = replace    ##特定的优先级覆盖变量
    jinja2_extensions = jinja2.ext.do,jinja2.ext.i18    ##允许开启jinja2扩展模块
    private_key_file = /path/to/file    ##私钥文件存储位置
    display_skipped_hosts = True        ##显示跳过任何任务的状态
    system_warnings = True      ##禁用系统运行Ansible潜在问题警告
    deprecation_warnings = True     ##PlayBook输出禁用“不建议使用”警告
    command_warnings = False    ##command模块Ansible默认发出警告
    nocolor = 1         ##输出带上颜色区别,0表示开启,1表示关闭
    pipelining = False      ##开启pipe SSH通道优化
    
    [accelerate]        ##accelerate缓存加速
    accelerate_port = 5099      ##加速连接端口5099
    accelerate_timeout = 30     ##命令执行超过时间,单位为s
    accelerate_connect_timeout = 5.0    ##上一个活动连接的时间,单位为min
    accelerate_daemon_timeout = 30      ##允许多个私钥被加载到daemon
    accelerate_multi_key = yes      ##任何客户端想要连接daemon都要开启这个选项
    ————————————————
    版权声明:本文为CSDN博主「皛皛」的原创文章,遵循 CC 4.0 BY-SA 版权协议,转载请附上原文出处链接及本声明。
    原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/lcl_xiaowugui/article/details/81908445
    View Code

    inventory文件编辑:  

    ansible_connection   与主机的连接类型,比如local,ssh或者paramiko ansible1.2以前默认使用

    ansible_ssh_host  如果要远程的主机名与你设置的主机的别名不通,就可以通过该变量设置

    ansible_ssh_port  如果不是默认是22端口,可以通过该变量设置

    ansible_ssh_user  默认的ssh用户名

    ansible_ssh_pass  远程主机的远程密码,该方式不安全,建议使用--ask-sudo-pass或者ssh密钥的方式连接

    ansible_sudo_pass  输入sudo所需的密码,即被连接主机的普通账号密码,建议使用--ask-sudo-pass(手动输入密码验证的方式,相对安全)

    ansible_sudo_exe  sudo命令路径,适用于1.8及以上版本

    ansible_ssh_private_key_file  ssh使用的私钥文件,适用于有多个密钥

    ansible_python_interpreter  目标主机python的路径,主要用于多python版本来指定用哪个python版本

    举例说明

    [test]
    172.16.204.134  ansible_connection=ssh  ansible_ssh_user=root  ansible_ssh_port=2222  ansible_ssh_pass="mimashi123"


    ansible ad-hoc模式(使用ansible命令来控制inventory中的主机列表)

    查看ansible命令参数  ansible -h

    [root@localhost ~]# ansible -h
        Usage: ansible <host-pattern> [options]
        
        Options:
          -a MODULE_ARGS, --args=MODULE_ARGS    #模块的参数,如果执行默认COMMAND的模块,即是命令参数,如:“date”,"pwd"等等
                                module arguments    # 模块参数
          -k, --ask-pass        ask for SSH password     #登录密码,提示输入SSH密码而不是假设基于密钥的验证
          --ask-su-pass         ask for su password      #su切换密码
          -K, --ask-sudo-pass   ask for sudo password    # 提示密码使用sudo,sudo表示提权操作
          --ask-vault-pass      ask for vault password
          -B SECONDS, --background=SECONDS        # 后台运行超时时间
                                run asynchronously, failing after X seconds
                                (default=N/A)
          -C, --check           don't make any changes; instead, try to predict some    #只是测试一下会改变什么内容,不会真正去执行;相反,试图预测一些可能发生的变化
                                of the changes that may occur
          -c CONNECTION, --connection=CONNECTION       #连接类型使用。可能的选项是paramiko(SSH),SSH和地方。当地主要是用于crontab或启动。
                                connection type to use (default=smart)
          -f FORKS, --forks=FORKS        #并行任务数。NUM被指定为一个整数,默认是5
                                specify number of parallel processes to use
                                (default=5)
          -h, --help            show this help message and exit      # 打开帮助文档API
          -i INVENTORY, --inventory-file=INVENTORY         #指定库存主机文件的路径,默认为/etc/ansible/hosts
                                specify inventory host file
                                (default=/etc/ansible/hosts)
          -l SUBSET, --limit=SUBSET          #进一步限制所选主机/组模式  --limit=192.168.91.135 只对这个ip执行
                                further limit selected hosts to an additional pattern
          --list-hosts          outputs a list of matching hosts; does not execute
                                anything else
          -m MODULE_NAME, --module-name=MODULE_NAME         # 执行模块的名字,默认使用 command 模块,所以如果是只执行单一命令可以不用 -m参数
                                module name to execute (default=command)
          -M MODULE_PATH, --module-path=MODULE_PATH        #要执行的模块的路径,默认为/usr/share/ansible/
                                specify path(s) to module library
                                (default=/usr/share/ansible/)
          -o, --one-line        condense output          # 压缩输出,摘要输出.尝试一切都在一行上输出。
          -P POLL_INTERVAL, --poll=POLL_INTERVAL        #调查背景工作每隔数秒。需要- b
                                set the poll interval if using -B (default=15)
          --private-key=PRIVATE_KEY_FILE           # 私钥路径,使用这个文件来验证连接
                                use this file to authenticate the connection
          -S, --su              run operations with su       #用 su 命令
          -R SU_USER, --su-user=SU_USER         # 指定SU的用户,默认是root用户
                                run operations with su as this user (default=root)
          -s, --sudo            run operations with sudo (nopasswd)    
          -U SUDO_USER, --sudo-user=SUDO_USER    #sudo到哪个用户,默认为 root  
                                desired sudo user (default=root)
          -T TIMEOUT, --timeout=TIMEOUT         #指定SSH默认超时时间,  默认是10S
                                override the SSH timeout in seconds (default=10)
          -t TREE, --tree=TREE  log output to this directory        #将日志内容保存在该输出目录,结果保存在一个文件中在每台主机上。
          -u REMOTE_USER, --user=REMOTE_USER        #远程用户, 默认是root用户
                                connect as this user (default=root)
          --vault-password-file=VAULT_PASSWORD_FILE  
                                vault password file
          -v, --verbose         verbose mode (-vvv for more, -vvvv to enable       #详细信息
                                connection debugging)
          --version             show program's version number and exit        # 输出ansible的版本
    View Code

    使用ansible命令^_^:

    1.列出配置过的主机列表(可以看到hosts中的node节点配置成功)

    root@manager1 ansible]# ansible all --list
      hosts (1):
        172.16.204.134

    2.使用--ask-pass(使用ansible_ssh_pass等类似变量是非常危险的,容易导致密码泄露,使用--ask-pass则可以避免密码泄露)

    root@manager1 ansible]# ansible all -m ping --ask-pass     #ansible all -m ping   测试所有主机的连通性
    SSH password: 
    172.16.204.134 | SUCCESS => {
        "changed": false, 
        "ping": "pong"
    }

    3.配置密钥方式控制所有主机

    • ansible本机生成公钥:执行一条 ssh-keygen -t rsa命令即可
    [root@manager1 .ssh]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
    Generating public/private rsa key pair.
    Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): 
    Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
    Enter same passphrase again: 
    Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
    Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
    The key fingerprint is:
    SHA256:ZHO/Ttd8KD6r+pehmUmXCUxgn1qto0n7oaOQ0e2pKCA root@manager1
    The key's randomart image is:
    +---[RSA 2048]----+
    |        o.       |
    |       . ..o     |
    |        +o= .    |
    |     . + =oo     |
    |    . . S o..o   |
    |E    o o =..=. + |
    |..  o   *..*+oo +|
    |  .  o ..o==+o  .|
    |   .. o.o++o+o   |
    +----[SHA256]-----+
    [root@manager1 .ssh]# pwd
    /root/.ssh
    [root@manager1 .ssh]# ll
    total 12
    -rw------- 1 root root 1675 Jan  9 22:57 id_rsa
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  395 Jan  9 22:57 id_rsa.pub
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  358 Jan  9 20:49 known_hosts
    •  ansible给所有主机授权密钥认证(将公钥文件发送到远程主机,实现免密钥SSH认证)
    #下面命令是授权root的id.rsa.pub和user需要对应,稍微注意下
    [root@manager1 .ssh]# ansible all -m authorized_key -a "user=root key='{{ lookup('file','/root/.ssh/id.rsa.pub') }}' path=/root/.ssh/authorized_keys manage_dir=yes" --ask-pass

    #172.16.204.139不存在,所以授权失败

    172.16.204.139 | UNREACHABLE! => {
    "changed": false,
    "msg": "Failed to connect to the host via ssh: ssh: connect to host 172.16.204.139 port 22: No route to host ",
    "unreachable": true
    }
    172.16.204.134 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": false,
    "comment": null,
    "exclusive": false,
    "gid": 0,
    "group": "root",
    "key": "ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDlPWGRzZk6MRro7977zRgtmvbc+osYossPL9vFpuynOrkYBprXM/bXQFkSMtoD/BAxAdEAXhgya4zaq0qLjSxYqFNGHUR2sGsNwIbBtXxnIGyravH6U9hyVgZCb3GTcKgYNxqXv+DGZGfqzQX4PRZjV3nmcLLbv19qopQdwbSspzxNbpbu/Lx8Ce0C8nLTDYFB6N6ygPWOoUvWS3PZJlJaP9n0h6GSDnDEz3gGjHeeSQn3NmE5iVH2oEjffgcwBgxl+zRikv0698q2FLr9O8VJCSh9pqSX0oPg2K1Enlu8JeM/TazHcAJUDNuKgZaZglnxWKy8NZ2m0/Bm68TTcX/d root@manager1",
    "key_options": null,
    "keyfile": "/root/.ssh/authorized_keys",
    "manage_dir": true,
    "mode": "0600",
    "owner": "root",
    "path": "/root/.ssh/authorized_keys",
    "secontext": "system_u:object_r:ssh_home_t:s0",
    "size": 395,
    "state": "file",
    "uid": 0,
    "unique": false,
    "user": "root",
    "validate_certs": true
    }

    • 使用ansible内置的SSH密钥管理模块authorized_key来执行批量SSH授信的任务
    [root@manager1 .ssh]# vim /etc/ansible/hosts
    #组名 ansible_ssh_private_key_file指定私钥文件
    [test] 172.16.204.134 ansible_connection=ssh ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_private_key_file=/root/.ssh/id_rsa

     4.获取已授信主机的当前时间

    [root@manager1 .ssh]# ansible all -a "date +'%F %H:%M:%S'"
    172.16.204.134 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
    2020-01-10 00:58:58

    5.批量上传文件(copy模块): ansible all -m copy -a "src=/opt/aaa.txt dest=/root"  主要使用了copy模块

    #查看远程主机/root目录下的文件
    root@manager1 .ssh]# ansible all -m shell -a "ls -l /root/"
    172.16.204.134 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
    total 4
    -rw-------. 1 root root 1264 Oct 16 12:56 anaconda-ks.cfg
    [root@manager1 opt]# ansible all -m copy -a "src=/opt/aaa.txt dest=/root"
    172.16.204.134 | SUCCESS => {
        "changed": true, 
        "checksum": "da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709", 
        "dest": "/root/aaa.txt", 
        "gid": 0, 
        "group": "root", 
        "md5sum": "d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e", 
        "mode": "0644", 
        "owner": "root", 
        "secontext": "system_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0", 
        "size": 0, 
        "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1578644172.98-65497852724657/source", 
        "state": "file", 
        "uid": 0
    }
    [root@manager1 opt]# ansible all -m shell -a "ls -l /root/"
    172.16.204.134 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
    total 4
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root    0 Jan 10 03:16 aaa.txt
    -rw-------. 1 root root 1264 Oct 16 12:56 anaconda-ks.cfg

    6.systemd或者service模块:批量启动服务

    centos7启动服务使用的systemd  centos7之前的版本使用的server来控制服务

    主要参数:

    • name: 服务名,例如crond.service,最好带上后缀.service
    • state: 需要的操作,reloaded, restarted, started, stopped
    • enabled:是否需要开机启动
    • daemon_reload:systemd 读取配置文件,每次修改了文件,最好都运行一次,确保应用了
    举例:启动docker服务
    #Centos7
    [root@manager1 ansible_tower]# ansible test -m systemd -a 'name=docker state=started'
    #Centos6
    [root@manager1 ansible_tower]# ansible test -m service -a 'name=docker state=started'

    7.script模块:在被管理端执行管理端的脚本,无须将脚本传到被管理服务器上

    主要参数:

    • chdir # 在远程执行脚本前先切换到此目录下。
    • creates # 当此文件存在时,不执行脚本。可用于实现幂等性。
    • removes # 当此文件不存在时,不执行脚本。可用于实现幂等性。
    • free_form= # 本地待执行的脚本路径、选项、参数。之所以称为free_form,是因为它是脚本名+选项+参数(可以理解为需要执行的脚本)
    #!/bin/bash
    ls -l ./
    [root@manager1 ansible_tower]# ansible test -m script -a 'chdir=/opt/ ls.sh'
    172.16.204.134 | SUCCESS => {
        "changed": true, 
        "rc": 0, 
        "stderr": "Shared connection to 172.16.204.134 closed.
    ", 
        "stdout": "total 288328
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 293849789 Jan 15 21:23 ansible-tower-setup-bundle-latest.el7.tar.gz
    drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root        21 Jan 15 21:24 docker_harbor
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root   1392184 Jan 12 22:25 harbor-offline-installer-v1.9.4.tgz
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root         5 Jan 15 20:39 test.sh
    ", 
        "stdout_lines": [
            "total 288328", 
            "-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 293849789 Jan 15 21:23 ansible-tower-setup-bundle-latest.el7.tar.gz", 
            "drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root        21 Jan 15 21:24 docker_harbor", 
            "-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   1392184 Jan 12 22:25 harbor-offline-installer-v1.9.4.tgz", 
            "-rw-r--r--. 1 root root         5 Jan 15 20:39 test.sh"
        ]
    }

    8.yum模块:使用yum在被管理端通过yum安装工具

    • name:要进行操作的软件包的名字,也可以传递一个url或者一个本地的rpm包的路径
    • state:状态仅有卸载选择,三个选项都是卸载(present,absent,latest)
    [root@manager1 ansible_tower]# ansible test -m yum -a 'name=vsftpd'
    172.16.204.134 | SUCCESS => {
        "changed": true, 
        "msg": "", 
        "rc": 0, 
        "results": [
            "Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
    Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
     * base: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
     * extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
     * updates: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
    Resolving Dependencies
    --> Running transaction check
    ---> Package vsftpd.x86_64 0:3.0.2-25.el7 will be installed
    --> Finished Dependency Resolution
    
    Dependencies Resolved
    
    ================================================================================
     Package          Arch             Version                 Repository      Size
    ================================================================================
    Installing:
     vsftpd           x86_64           3.0.2-25.el7            base           171 k
    
    Transaction Summary
    ================================================================================
    Install  1 Package
    
    Total download size: 171 k
    Installed size: 353 k
    Downloading packages:
    Running transaction check
    Running transaction test
    Transaction test succeeded
    Running transaction
      Installing : vsftpd-3.0.2-25.el7.x86_64                                   1/1 
      Verifying  : vsftpd-3.0.2-25.el7.x86_64                                   1/1 
    
    Installed:
      vsftpd.x86_64 0:3.0.2-25.el7                                                  
    
    Complete!
    "
        ]
    }
    [root@manager1 ansible_tower]# ansible test -m systemd -a 'name=vsftpd state=started'
    172.16.204.134 | SUCCESS => {
        "changed": true, 
        "name": "vsftpd", 
        "state": "started", 
        "status": {
            "ActiveEnterTimestampMonotonic": "0", 
            "ActiveExitTimestampMonotonic": "0", 
            "ActiveState": "inactive", 
            "After": "systemd-journald.socket system.slice network.target basic.target", 
            "AllowIsolate": "no", 
            "AmbientCapabilities": "0", 
            "AssertResult": "no", 
            "AssertTimestampMonotonic": "0", 
            "Before": "shutdown.target", 
            "BlockIOAccounting": "no", 
            "BlockIOWeight": "18446744073709551615", 
            "CPUAccounting": "no", 
            "CPUQuotaPerSecUSec": "infinity", 
            "CPUSchedulingPolicy": "0", 
            "CPUSchedulingPriority": "0", 
            "CPUSchedulingResetOnFork": "no", 
            "CPUShares": "18446744073709551615", 
            "CanIsolate": "no", 
            "CanReload": "no", 
            "CanStart": "yes", 
            "CanStop": "yes", 
            "CapabilityBoundingSet": "18446744073709551615", 
            "ConditionResult": "no", 
            "ConditionTimestampMonotonic": "0", 
            "Conflicts": "shutdown.target", 
            "ControlPID": "0", 
            "DefaultDependencies": "yes", 
            "Delegate": "no", 
            "Description": "Vsftpd ftp daemon", 
            "DevicePolicy": "auto", 
            "ExecMainCode": "0", 
            "ExecMainExitTimestampMonotonic": "0", 
            "ExecMainPID": "0", 
            "ExecMainStartTimestampMonotonic": "0", 
            "ExecMainStatus": "0", 
            "ExecStart": "{ path=/usr/sbin/vsftpd ; argv[]=/usr/sbin/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf ; ignore_errors=no ; start_time=[n/a] ; stop_time=[n/a] ; pid=0 ; code=(null) ; status=0/0 }", 
            "FailureAction": "none", 
            "FileDescriptorStoreMax": "0", 
            "FragmentPath": "/usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service", 
            "GuessMainPID": "yes", 
            "IOScheduling": "0", 
            "Id": "vsftpd.service", 
            "IgnoreOnIsolate": "no", 
            "IgnoreOnSnapshot": "no", 
            "IgnoreSIGPIPE": "yes", 
            "InactiveEnterTimestampMonotonic": "0", 
            "InactiveExitTimestampMonotonic": "0", 
            "JobTimeoutAction": "none", 
            "JobTimeoutUSec": "0", 
            "KillMode": "control-group", 
            "KillSignal": "15", 
            "LimitAS": "18446744073709551615", 
            "LimitCORE": "18446744073709551615", 
            "LimitCPU": "18446744073709551615", 
            "LimitDATA": "18446744073709551615", 
            "LimitFSIZE": "18446744073709551615", 
            "LimitLOCKS": "18446744073709551615", 
            "LimitMEMLOCK": "65536", 
            "LimitMSGQUEUE": "819200", 
            "LimitNICE": "0", 
            "LimitNOFILE": "4096", 
            "LimitNPROC": "3820", 
            "LimitRSS": "18446744073709551615", 
            "LimitRTPRIO": "0", 
            "LimitRTTIME": "18446744073709551615", 
            "LimitSIGPENDING": "3820", 
            "LimitSTACK": "18446744073709551615", 
            "LoadState": "loaded", 
            "MainPID": "0", 
            "MemoryAccounting": "no", 
            "MemoryCurrent": "18446744073709551615", 
            "MemoryLimit": "18446744073709551615", 
            "MountFlags": "0", 
            "Names": "vsftpd.service", 
            "NeedDaemonReload": "no", 
            "Nice": "0", 
            "NoNewPrivileges": "no", 
            "NonBlocking": "no", 
            "NotifyAccess": "none", 
            "OOMScoreAdjust": "0", 
            "OnFailureJobMode": "replace", 
            "PermissionsStartOnly": "no", 
            "PrivateDevices": "no", 
            "PrivateNetwork": "no", 
            "PrivateTmp": "no", 
            "ProtectHome": "no", 
            "ProtectSystem": "no", 
            "RefuseManualStart": "no", 
            "RefuseManualStop": "no", 
            "RemainAfterExit": "no", 
            "Requires": "system.slice basic.target", 
            "Restart": "no", 
            "RestartUSec": "100ms", 
            "Result": "success", 
            "RootDirectoryStartOnly": "no", 
            "RuntimeDirectoryMode": "0755", 
            "SameProcessGroup": "no", 
            "SecureBits": "0", 
            "SendSIGHUP": "no", 
            "SendSIGKILL": "yes", 
            "Slice": "system.slice", 
            "StandardError": "inherit", 
            "StandardInput": "null", 
            "StandardOutput": "journal", 
            "StartLimitAction": "none", 
            "StartLimitBurst": "5", 
            "StartLimitInterval": "10000000", 
            "StartupBlockIOWeight": "18446744073709551615", 
            "StartupCPUShares": "18446744073709551615", 
            "StatusErrno": "0", 
            "StopWhenUnneeded": "no", 
            "SubState": "dead", 
            "SyslogLevelPrefix": "yes", 
            "SyslogPriority": "30", 
            "SystemCallErrorNumber": "0", 
            "TTYReset": "no", 
            "TTYVHangup": "no", 
            "TTYVTDisallocate": "no", 
            "TasksAccounting": "no", 
            "TasksCurrent": "18446744073709551615", 
            "TasksMax": "18446744073709551615", 
            "TimeoutStartUSec": "1min 30s", 
            "TimeoutStopUSec": "1min 30s", 
            "TimerSlackNSec": "50000", 
            "Transient": "no", 
            "Type": "forking", 
            "UMask": "0022", 
            "UnitFilePreset": "disabled", 
            "UnitFileState": "disabled", 
            "WatchdogTimestampMonotonic": "0", 
            "WatchdogUSec": "0"
        }
    }
    View Code

    9.cron模块:定时任务模块

    • backup:对远程主机上的原任务计划内容修改之前做备份
    • cron_file:如果指定该选项,则用该文件替换远程主机上的cron.d目录下的用户的任务计划
    • day:日(1-31,,/2,……)
    • hour:小时(0-23,,/2,……)
    • minute:分钟(0-59,,/2,……)
    • month:月(1-12,,/2,……)
    • weekday:周(0-7,*,……)
    • job:要执行的任务,依赖于state=present
    • name:该任务的描述
    • special_time:指定什么时候执行,参数:reboot,yearly,annually,monthly,weekly,daily,hourl
    • state:确认该任务计划是创建还是删除
    • user:以哪个用户的身份执行#创建一个计划任务
    root@manager1 ansible_tower]# ansible test -m cron -a "name='test' hour=0 minute=0 job='sh /opt/test.sh'"
    172.16.204.134 | SUCCESS => {
        "changed": true, 
        "envs": [], 
        "jobs": [
            "test"
        ]
    }
    
    #被管理端确认
    [root@work1 opt]# crontab -l
    #Ansible: test
    0 0 * * * sh /opt/test.sh
    ============================================
    #删除已创建的任务:state=absent删除计划任务,删除的任务名为name='test'

    [root@manager1 ansible_tower]# ansible test -m cron -a "name='test' state=absent"
    172.16.204.134 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true,
    "envs": [],
    "jobs": []
    }

    #被管理端确认

    [root@work1 opt]# crontab -l
    [root@work1 opt]#

     

    10.file模块:文件操作模块:对文件目录的创建、删除、软硬连接、定义权限等操作

    • force:需要在两种情况下强制创建软链接,一种是源文件不存在但之后会建立的情况下;另一种是目标软链接已存在,需要先取消之前的软链,然后创建新的软链,有两个选项:yes|no
    • group:定义文件/目录的属组
    • mode:定义文件/目录的权限
    • owner:定义文件/目录的属主
    • path:必选项,定义文件/目录的路径
    • recurse:递归的设置文件的属性,只对目录有效
    • src:要被链接的源文件的路径,只应用于state=link的情况
    • dest:被链接到的路径,只应用于state=link的情况
    • state: directory:如果目录不存在,创建目录
    • - file:即使文件不存在,也不会被创建
    • - link:创建软链接
    • - hard:创建硬链接
    • - touch:如果文件不存在,则会创建一个新的文件,如果文件或目录已存在,则更新其最后修改时间
    • - absent:删除目录、文件或者取消链接文件

     创建目录

    #在管理端执行创建目录的命令
    [root@manager1 ansible_tower]# ansible test -m file -a 'path=/opt/file_dir state=directory'
    172.16.204.134 | SUCCESS => {
        "changed": true, 
        "gid": 0, 
        "group": "root", 
        "mode": "0755", 
        "owner": "root", 
        "path": "/opt/file_dir", 
        "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:usr_t:s0", 
        "size": 6, 
        "state": "directory", 
        "uid": 0
    }
    #在被管理端查看目录是否创建
    [root@work1 opt]# ll /opt/
    total 288328
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 293849789 Jan 15 21:23 ansible-tower-setup-bundle-latest.el7.tar.gz
    drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root        21 Jan 15 21:24 docker_harbor
    drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root         6 Jan 16 02:14 file_dir
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root   1392184 Jan 12 22:25 harbor-offline-installer-v1.9.4.tgz
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root         5 Jan 15 20:39 test.sh
    View Code

    创建文件

    #在管理端执行创建文件的指令
    [root@manager1 ansible_tower]# ansible test -m file -a 'path=/opt/file.txt state=touch'
    172.16.204.134 | SUCCESS => {
        "changed": true, 
        "dest": "/opt/file.txt", 
        "gid": 0, 
        "group": "root", 
        "mode": "0644", 
        "owner": "root", 
        "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:usr_t:s0", 
        "size": 0, 
        "state": "file", 
        "uid": 0
    }
    #在被管理端确认文件是否创建
    root@work1 opt]# ll /opt/file.txt 
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jan 16 02:17 /opt/file.txt
    View Code

    删除文件或者目录

    #管理端删除文件的指令
    [root@manager1 ansible_tower]# ansible test -m file -a 'path=/opt/file.txt state=absent'
    172.16.204.134 | SUCCESS => {
        "changed": true, 
        "path": "/opt/file.txt", 
        "state": "absent"
    }
    #被管理端确认文件是否删除
    [root@work1 opt]# ll /opt/file.txt 
    ls: cannot access /opt/file.txt: No such file or directory
    [root@work1 opt]# 
    View Code

    11.get_url模块:用于从http,https.ftp等通过url下载模块

    • url:必选项,url路径
    • dest:下载存放路径
    • timeout:下载超时时间

    [root@manager1 ansible_tower]# ansible test -m get_url -a 'url=http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.8.1.tar.gz dest=/opt timeout=300' 172.16.204.134 | SUCCESS => { "changed": true, "checksum_dest": null, "checksum_src": "a99dc2ee4c60e3134891cd13c111f42901252c2b", "dest": "/opt/nginx-1.8.1.tar.gz", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "md5sum": "2e91695074dbdfbf1bcec0ada9fda462", "mode": "0644", "msg": "OK (833473 bytes)", "owner": "root", "secontext": "system_u:object_r:usr_t:s0", "size": 833473, "src": "/tmp/tmpQcyXAs", "state": "file", "status_code": 200, "uid": 0, "url": "http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.8.1.tar.gz" }

    unarchive模块:解压缩模块,将本地压缩包,解压到远程主机指定目录,如果已经存在则不解压缩

    • dest:远程主机上的一个路径,即文件解压的路径,目录必须存在
    • src: 压缩文件路径
    • remote_src:远端是否已经存在,默认false
    #将管理端的压缩包解压到被管理端
    [root@manager1 opt]# ansible test -m unarchive -a 'src=/opt/Python-3.6.6.tgz dest=/opt'
    172.16.204.134 | SUCCESS => {
        "changed": true, 
        "dest": "/opt", 
        "extract_results": {
            "cmd": [
                "/usr/bin/gtar", 
                "--extract", 
                "-C", 
                "/opt", 
                "-z", 
                "-f", 
                "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1579224596.69-118324470711945/source"
            ], 
            "err": "", 
            "out": "", 
            "rc": 0
        }, 
        "gid": 0, 
        "group": "root", 
        "handler": "TgzArchive", 
        "mode": "0755", 
        "owner": "root", 
        "secontext": "system_u:object_r:usr_t:s0", 
        "size": 199, 
        "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1579224596.69-118324470711945/source", 
        "state": "directory", 
        "uid": 0
    }
    #确认是否已解压到被管理端
    [root@work1 ~]# ll /opt/
    total 289148
    -rw-r--r--.  1 root root 293849789 Jan 15 21:23 ansible-tower-setup-bundle-latest.el7.tar.gz
    drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root        21 Jan 15 21:24 docker_harbor
    drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root         6 Jan 16 02:14 file_dir
    -rw-r--r--.  1 root root   1392184 Jan 12 22:25 harbor-offline-installer-v1.9.4.tgz
    -rw-r--r--.  1 root root    833473 Jan 16 03:04 nginx-1.8.1.tar.gz
    drwxr-xr-x. 17  501  501      4096 Jun 27  2018 Python-3.6.6 #已成功
    -rw-r--r--.  1 root root         5 Jan 15 20:39 test.sh
    View Code

    wait_for模块:等待执行模块,由上个任务完成后并达到预期的值,然后进行下一步操作,通常用于检测端口是否存活,文件是否存在,或文件中的字符串

    delay # 在检查操作进行之前等待的秒数
    host # 等待这个主机处于启动状态,默认为127.0.0.1
    port # 等待这个端口已经开放
    path # 这个文件是否已经存在
    search_regex # 在文件中进行正则匹配
    state # present/started/stopped/absent/drained.默认started
    当检查的是一个端口时:
    started:保证端口是开放的
    stopped:保证端口是关闭的
    当检查的是一个文件时:
    present/started:在检查到文件存在才会继续
    absent:检查到文件被移除后才会继续
    sleep # 两次检查之间sleep的秒数,默认1秒
    timeout # 检查的等待超时时间(秒数,默认300)

    #探测22和80端口
    172.16.204.134 | SUCCESS => {
        "changed": false, 
        "elapsed": 3, 
        "path": null, 
        "port": 22, 
        "search_regex": null, 
        "state": "started"
    }
    [root@manager1 opt]# ansible test -m wait_for -a 'timeout=10 port=80 delay=3'
    172.16.204.134 | FAILED! => {
        "changed": false, 
        "elapsed": 10, 
        "msg": "Timeout when waiting for 127.0.0.1:80"
    }
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/python-cat/p/12175487.html
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