1.可命名元组：namedtuple 由nametuple可创建一个包含tuple所有功能以及其他功能的类型
class Mytuple(__builtin__.tuple) | Mytuple(x, y) | | Method resolution order: | Mytuple | __builtin__.tuple | __builtin__.object | | Methods defined here: | | __getnewargs__(self) | Return self as a plain tuple. Used by copy and pickle. | | __getstate__(self) | Exclude the OrderedDict from pickling | | __repr__(self) | Return a nicely formatted representation string | | _asdict(self) | Return a new OrderedDict which maps field names to their values | | _replace(_self, **kwds) | Return a new Mytuple object replacing specified fields with new values | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | Class methods defined here: | | _make(cls, iterable, new=<built-in method __new__ of type object>, len=<built-in function len>) from __builtin__.type | Make a new Mytuple object from a sequence or iterable | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | Static methods defined here: | | __new__(_cls, x, y) | Create new instance of Mytuple(x, y) | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | Data descriptors defined here: | | __dict__ | Return a new OrderedDict which maps field names to their values | | x | Alias for field number 0 | | y | Alias for field number 1 | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | Data and other attributes defined here: | | _fields = ('x', 'y') | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | Methods inherited from __builtin__.tuple: | | __add__(...) | x.__add__(y) <==> x+y | | __contains__(...) | x.__contains__(y) <==> y in x | | __eq__(...) | x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y | | __ge__(...) | x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y | | __getattribute__(...) | x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name | | __getitem__(...) | x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y] | | __getslice__(...) | x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j] | | Use of negative indices is not supported. | | __gt__(...) | x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y | | __hash__(...) | x.__hash__() <==> hash(x) | | __iter__(...) | x.__iter__() <==> iter(x) | | __le__(...) | x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y | | __len__(...) | x.__len__() <==> len(x) | | __lt__(...) | x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y | | __mul__(...) | x.__mul__(n) <==> x*n | | __ne__(...) | x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y | | __rmul__(...) | x.__rmul__(n) <==> n*x | | __sizeof__(...) | T.__sizeof__() -- size of T in memory, in bytes | | count(...) | T.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value | | index(...) | T.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value. | Raises ValueError if the value is not present. Mytuple Mytuple
2.双向对列（deque）
class deque(object): """ deque([iterable[, maxlen]]) --> deque object Build an ordered collection with optimized access from its endpoints. """ def append(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Add an element to the right side of the deque. """ pass def appendleft(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Add an element to the left side of the deque. """ pass def clear(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Remove all elements from the deque. """ pass def count(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ D.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value """ return 0 def extend(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Extend the right side of the deque with elements from the iterable """ pass def extendleft(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Extend the left side of the deque with elements from the iterable """ pass def pop(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Remove and return the rightmost element. """ pass def popleft(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Remove and return the leftmost element. """ pass def remove(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ D.remove(value) -- remove first occurrence of value. """ pass def reverse(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ D.reverse() -- reverse *IN PLACE* """ pass def rotate(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Rotate the deque n steps to the right (default n=1). If n is negative, rotates left. """ pass def __copy__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return a shallow copy of a deque. """ pass def __delitem__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__delitem__(y) <==> del x[y] """ pass def __eq__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y """ pass def __getattribute__(self, name): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name """ pass def __getitem__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y] """ pass def __ge__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y """ pass def __gt__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y """ pass def __iadd__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__iadd__(y) <==> x+=y """ pass def __init__(self, iterable=(), maxlen=None): # known case of _collections.deque.__init__ """ deque([iterable[, maxlen]]) --> deque object Build an ordered collection with optimized access from its endpoints. # (copied from class doc) """ pass def __iter__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__iter__() <==> iter(x) """ pass def __len__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__len__() <==> len(x) """ pass def __le__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y """ pass def __lt__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y """ pass @staticmethod # known case of __new__ def __new__(S, *more): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T """ pass def __ne__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y """ pass def __reduce__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return state information for pickling. """ pass def __repr__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__repr__() <==> repr(x) """ pass def __reversed__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ D.__reversed__() -- return a reverse iterator over the deque """ pass def __setitem__(self, i, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__setitem__(i, y) <==> x[i]=y """ pass def __sizeof__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ D.__sizeof__() -- size of D in memory, in bytes """ pass maxlen = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default """maximum size of a deque or None if unbounded""" __hash__ = None deque
3.单向队列（先进先出FIFO）
class Queue: """Create a queue object with a given maximum size. If maxsize is <= 0, the queue size is infinite. """ def __init__(self, maxsize=0): self.maxsize = maxsize self._init(maxsize) # mutex must be held whenever the queue is mutating. All methods # that acquire mutex must release it before returning. mutex # is shared between the three conditions, so acquiring and # releasing the conditions also acquires and releases mutex. self.mutex = _threading.Lock() # Notify not_empty whenever an item is added to the queue; a # thread waiting to get is notified then. self.not_empty = _threading.Condition(self.mutex) # Notify not_full whenever an item is removed from the queue; # a thread waiting to put is notified then. self.not_full = _threading.Condition(self.mutex) # Notify all_tasks_done whenever the number of unfinished tasks # drops to zero; thread waiting to join() is notified to resume self.all_tasks_done = _threading.Condition(self.mutex) self.unfinished_tasks = 0 def task_done(self): """Indicate that a formerly enqueued task is complete. Used by Queue consumer threads. For each get() used to fetch a task, a subsequent call to task_done() tells the queue that the processing on the task is complete. If a join() is currently blocking, it will resume when all items have been processed (meaning that a task_done() call was received for every item that had been put() into the queue). Raises a ValueError if called more times than there were items placed in the queue. """ self.all_tasks_done.acquire() try: unfinished = self.unfinished_tasks - 1 if unfinished <= 0: if unfinished < 0: raise ValueError('task_done() called too many times') self.all_tasks_done.notify_all() self.unfinished_tasks = unfinished finally: self.all_tasks_done.release() def join(self): """Blocks until all items in the Queue have been gotten and processed. The count of unfinished tasks goes up whenever an item is added to the queue. The count goes down whenever a consumer thread calls task_done() to indicate the item was retrieved and all work on it is complete. When the count of unfinished tasks drops to zero, join() unblocks. """ self.all_tasks_done.acquire() try: while self.unfinished_tasks: self.all_tasks_done.wait() finally: self.all_tasks_done.release() def qsize(self): """Return the approximate size of the queue (not reliable!).""" self.mutex.acquire() n = self._qsize() self.mutex.release() return n def empty(self): """Return True if the queue is empty, False otherwise (not reliable!).""" self.mutex.acquire() n = not self._qsize() self.mutex.release() return n def full(self): """Return True if the queue is full, False otherwise (not reliable!).""" self.mutex.acquire() n = 0 < self.maxsize == self._qsize() self.mutex.release() return n def put(self, item, block=True, timeout=None): """Put an item into the queue. If optional args 'block' is true and 'timeout' is None (the default), block if necessary until a free slot is available. If 'timeout' is a non-negative number, it blocks at most 'timeout' seconds and raises the Full exception if no free slot was available within that time. Otherwise ('block' is false), put an item on the queue if a free slot is immediately available, else raise the Full exception ('timeout' is ignored in that case). """ self.not_full.acquire() try: if self.maxsize > 0: if not block: if self._qsize() == self.maxsize: raise Full elif timeout is None: while self._qsize() == self.maxsize: self.not_full.wait() elif timeout < 0: raise ValueError("'timeout' must be a non-negative number") else: endtime = _time() + timeout while self._qsize() == self.maxsize: remaining = endtime - _time() if remaining <= 0.0: raise Full self.not_full.wait(remaining) self._put(item) self.unfinished_tasks += 1 self.not_empty.notify() finally: self.not_full.release() def put_nowait(self, item): """Put an item into the queue without blocking. Only enqueue the item if a free slot is immediately available. Otherwise raise the Full exception. """ return self.put(item, False) def get(self, block=True, timeout=None): """Remove and return an item from the queue. If optional args 'block' is true and 'timeout' is None (the default), block if necessary until an item is available. If 'timeout' is a non-negative number, it blocks at most 'timeout' seconds and raises the Empty exception if no item was available within that time. Otherwise ('block' is false), return an item if one is immediately available, else raise the Empty exception ('timeout' is ignored in that case). """ self.not_empty.acquire() try: if not block: if not self._qsize(): raise Empty elif timeout is None: while not self._qsize(): self.not_empty.wait() elif timeout < 0: raise ValueError("'timeout' must be a non-negative number") else: endtime = _time() + timeout while not self._qsize(): remaining = endtime - _time() if remaining <= 0.0: raise Empty self.not_empty.wait(remaining) item = self._get() self.not_full.notify() return item finally: self.not_empty.release() def get_nowait(self): """Remove and return an item from the queue without blocking. Only get an item if one is immediately available. Otherwise raise the Empty exception. """ return self.get(False) # Override these methods to implement other queue organizations # (e.g. stack or priority queue). # These will only be called with appropriate locks held # Initialize the queue representation def _init(self, maxsize): self.queue = deque() def _qsize(self, len=len): return len(self.queue) # Put a new item in the queue def _put(self, item): self.queue.append(item) # Get an item from the queue def _get(self): return self.queue.popleft() Queue.Queue