django rest_framework 视图与逻辑の使用详细分析
目录
视图类
django.views.generic.base.View
实现了简单的路由分发，不同的method实现不同的方法
rest_framewrok.views.APIView
基于 django的View，又实现了用户认证，权限，限流，版本，解析器
rest_framework.generic.GenericAPIView
基于 rest_framewrok的APIView，又实现了分页过滤，分页，上下文处理，基础的数据集获取，单条数据获取
这些都是基于django的View实现的视图功能，使用的时候，还是要自己写method对应的方法（get, post, delete.....）
功能类
rest_framework.mixins.py文件，实现了不同请求的逻辑处理
CreateModelMixin
创建
class CreateModelMixin:
"""
Create a model instance.
"""
def create(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
serializer = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)
serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
self.perform_create(serializer)
headers = self.get_success_headers(serializer.data)
return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED, headers=headers)
def perform_create(self, serializer):
serializer.save()
def get_success_headers(self, data):
try:
return {'Location': str(data[api_settings.URL_FIELD_NAME])}
except (TypeError, KeyError):
return {}
ListModelMixin
列表查询
class ListModelMixin:
"""
List a queryset.
"""
def list(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
queryset = self.filter_queryset(self.get_queryset())
page = self.paginate_queryset(queryset)
if page is not None:
serializer = self.get_serializer(page, many=True)
return self.get_paginated_response(serializer.data)
serializer = self.get_serializer(queryset, many=True)
return Response(serializer.data)
DestroyModelMixin
删除
class DestroyModelMixin:
"""
Destroy a model instance.
"""
def destroy(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
instance = self.get_object()
self.perform_destroy(instance)
return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)
def perform_destroy(self, instance):
instance.delete()
RetrieveModelMixin
详情页
class RetrieveModelMixin:
"""
Retrieve a model instance.
"""
def retrieve(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
instance = self.get_object()
serializer = self.get_serializer(instance)
return Response(serializer.data)
UpdateModelMixin
更新
class UpdateModelMixin:
"""
Update a model instance.
"""
def update(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
partial = kwargs.pop('partial', False)
instance = self.get_object()
serializer = self.get_serializer(instance, data=request.data, partial=partial)
serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
self.perform_update(serializer)
if getattr(instance, '_prefetched_objects_cache', None):
# If 'prefetch_related' has been applied to a queryset, we need to
# forcibly invalidate the prefetch cache on the instance.
instance._prefetched_objects_cache = {}
return Response(serializer.data)
def perform_update(self, serializer):
serializer.save()
def partial_update(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
kwargs['partial'] = True
return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)
视图和功能的整合之自动匹配路由与方法
现在有了逻辑处理，有了视图路由分发，但是视图功能最多的GenericAPIView，对应的路由分发，逻辑还是通过url请求方法反射对应的方法，无法和mixins中的增删改查对应上。
所以，还有一个类，总和了GenericAPIView视图和mixins的各种方法：
rest_framework.generics.ListCreateAPIView
汇总了GenericAPIView视图，和ListModelMixin列表和CreateModelMixin创建
class ListCreateAPIView(mixins.ListModelMixin,
mixins.CreateModelMixin,
GenericAPIView):
"""
Concrete view for listing a queryset or creating a model instance.
"""
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)
- 如果不让创建的话，就是用
ListAPIView
class ListAPIView(mixins.ListModelMixin,
GenericAPIView):
"""
Concrete view for listing a queryset.
"""
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)
rest_framework.generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView
GenericAPIView视图，RetrieveModelMixin数据详情，UpdateModelMixin数据更新，DestroyModelMixin数据删除
class RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,
mixins.UpdateModelMixin,
mixins.DestroyModelMixin,
GenericAPIView):
"""
Concrete view for retrieving, updating or deleting a model instance.
"""
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)
def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)
def patch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.partial_update(request, *args, **kwargs)
def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)
有些功能不需要的，就取消对应功能的类，
DestroyAPIView只有删除UpdateAPIView只能更新RetrieveAPIView只有详情功能（不能删除和更新）RetrieveUpdateAPIView只有详情和更新功能（不能删除）RetrieveDestroyAPIView只有详情和删除功能（不能修改）
视图和功能的整合之自定义匹配路由与方法
rest_framework.viewsets.GenericViewSet
GenericViewSet视图，ViewSetMixin，路由反射通过自定义实现
class GenericViewSet(ViewSetMixin, generics.GenericAPIView):
"""
The GenericViewSet class does not provide any actions by default,
but does include the base set of generic view behavior, such as
the `get_object` and `get_queryset` methods.
"""
pass
看一下ViewSetMixin，as_view方法里面有一段是这样的
@classonlymethod
def as_view(cls, actions=None, **initkwargs):
# .........
for method, action in actions.items():
handler = getattr(self, action)
setattr(self, method, handler)
# 就是，as_view里面传入字典格式，就可以自定义了
view = MyViewSet.as_view({'get': 'list', 'post': 'create'})
继承关系图
ListCreateAPIView
RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView
GenericViewSet
