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  • Linux基础学习-网络管理

    Linux系统网络管理NetworkManager

    1 启动网络管理服务和开机自启动
    在rhel7中网路管理相关命令nmcli,nmtui,nmtui-edit,nm-connection-editor

    服务启动 描述
    systemctl start NetworkManager 启动服务
    systemctl restart NetworkManager 重启服务
    systemctl stop NetworkManager 停止服务
    systemctl enable NetworkManager 开机自启动服务
    systemctl disable NetworkManager 取消开机自启动
    [root@qdlinux ~]# systemctl disable NetworkManager
    Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/NetworkManager.service.
    Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.service.
    Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.freedesktop.nm-dispatcher.service.
    [root@qdlinux ~]# systemctl enable NetworkManager
    Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/NetworkManager.service.
    Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/NetworkManager.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/NetworkManager.service.
    Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.freedesktop.nm-dispatcher.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/NetworkManager-dispatcher.service.
    
    [root@qdlinux ~]# systemctl is-enabled NetworkManager
    enabled
    [root@qdlinux ~]# systemctl is-active NetworkManager
    active
    
    

    2 查看设备状态命令nmcli devicenmcli connection

    [root@qdlinux ~]# nmcli device 
    DEVICE      TYPE      STATE      CONNECTION 
    ens32       ethernet  connected  ens32      
    virbr0      bridge    connected  virbr0     
    lo          loopback  unmanaged  --         
    virbr0-nic  tun       unmanaged  --  
    
    [root@qdlinux ~]# nmcli connection 
    NAME    UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE 
    ens32   b6ee9f55-35dd-41b0-865d-d83bc597877d  ethernet  ens32  
    virbr0  8e94e1f3-ca47-40b3-9003-15c741bcd332  bridge    virbr0 
    

    3 查看ip地址

    [root@qdlinux ~]# ifconfig ens32
    ens32: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
            inet 192.168.56.5  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.56.255
            inet6 fe80::65fe:5243:aab7:46ac  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
            ether 00:0c:29:2e:6e:9f  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
            RX packets 834  bytes 72426 (70.7 KiB)
            RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
            TX packets 584  bytes 69140 (67.5 KiB)
            TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
    
    
    [root@qdlinux ~]# ip address show ens32
    2: ens32: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
        link/ether 00:0c:29:2e:6e:9f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
        inet 192.168.56.5/24 brd 192.168.56.255 scope global noprefixroute ens32
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
        inet6 fe80::65fe:5243:aab7:46ac/64 scope link noprefixroute 
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
        
    
    [root@qdlinux ~]# ip -s link show ens32
    2: ens32: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
        link/ether 00:0c:29:2e:6e:9f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
        RX: bytes  packets  errors  dropped overrun mcast   
        85134      991      0       0       0       0       
        TX: bytes  packets  errors  dropped carrier collsns 
        80226      678      0       0       0       0   
    

    生成新的配置文件

    [root@qdlinux ~]# nmcli connection add con-name ens33-dhcp ifname ens32 autoconnect yes type ethernet ipv4.method auto 
    Connection 'ens33-dhcp' (ee3fc1d8-8d0e-4749-a624-cbdf6505bfe4) successfully added.
    
    [root@qdlinux ~]# nmcli connection 
    NAME        UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE 
    ens32       b6ee9f55-35dd-41b0-865d-d83bc597877d  ethernet  ens32  
    virbr0      8e94e1f3-ca47-40b3-9003-15c741bcd332  bridge    virbr0 
    ens33-dhcp  ee3fc1d8-8d0e-4749-a624-cbdf6505bfe4  ethernet  --     
    
    

    查看配置文件

    [root@qdlinux ~]# less /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33-dhcp 
    TYPE=Ethernet
    PROXY_METHOD=none
    BROWSER_ONLY=no
    BOOTPROTO=dhcp
    DEFROUTE=yes
    IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
    IPV6INIT=yes
    IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
    IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
    IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
    IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
    NAME=ens33-dhcp
    UUID=ee3fc1d8-8d0e-4749-a624-cbdf6505bfe4
    DEVICE=ens32
    ONBOOT=yes
    (END)
    
    

    启动新的配置文件,如果此时是用ssh连接上去的会掉线.

    [root@qdlinux ~]# nmcli connection up ens33-dhcp 
    
    Socket error Event: 32 Error: 10053.
    Connection closing...Socket close.
    
    Connection closed by foreign host.
    
    Disconnected from remote host(192.168.56.5) at 09:49:30.
    
    

    在虚拟机中查看ip地址,发现ip地址已经自动获取,并且已经改变.

    image

    image

    image

    现在切换原来的配置文件,ssh再次连接又连接上去了.

    [root@qdlinux ~]# nmcli connection up ens32
    
    [root@qdlinux ~]# ifconfig ens32
    ens32: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
            inet 192.168.56.5  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.56.255
            inet6 fe80::65fe:5243:aab7:46ac  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
            ether 00:0c:29:2e:6e:9f  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
            RX packets 2508  bytes 205179 (200.3 KiB)
            RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
            TX packets 1514  bytes 196730 (192.1 KiB)
            TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
    
    

    虚拟机中重新添加一块网卡用于实验,查看一下设备名称和ip地址

    [root@qdlinux ~]# nmcli device 
    DEVICE      TYPE      STATE      CONNECTION         
    ens32       ethernet  connected  ens32              
    ens34       ethernet  connected  Wired connection 1 
    virbr0      bridge    connected  virbr0             
    lo          loopback  unmanaged  --                 
    virbr0-nic  tun       unmanaged  --                 
    [root@qdlinux ~]# ifconfig
    ens32: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
            inet 192.168.56.5  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.56.255
            inet6 fe80::65fe:5243:aab7:46ac  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
            ether 00:0c:29:2e:6e:9f  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
            RX packets 3153  bytes 258362 (252.3 KiB)
            RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
            TX packets 1797  bytes 227166 (221.8 KiB)
            TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
    
    ens34: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
            inet 192.168.56.103  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.56.255
            inet6 fe80::3432:a743:270f:eb3d  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
            ether 00:0c:29:2e:6e:a9  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
            RX packets 47  bytes 3569 (3.4 KiB)
            RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
            TX packets 23  bytes 4673 (4.5 KiB)
            TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
    
    
    

    删除该设备配置文件,重新配置一个新的配置文件.

    [root@qdlinux ~]# nmcli connection delete 
    ens32                 help                  path                  virbr0                
    ens33-dhcp            id                    uuid                  Wired connection 1  
    [root@qdlinux ~]# nmcli connection delete "Wired connection 1"
    Connection 'Wired connection 1' (e9c28a80-5519-359b-919f-4a0d572044e3) successfully deleted.
    [root@qdlinux ~]# 
    
    

    查看一下网络设备状态

    [root@qdlinux ~]# nmcli connection 
    NAME        UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE 
    ens32       b6ee9f55-35dd-41b0-865d-d83bc597877d  ethernet  ens32  
    virbr0      8e94e1f3-ca47-40b3-9003-15c741bcd332  bridge    virbr0 
    ens33-dhcp  ee3fc1d8-8d0e-4749-a624-cbdf6505bfe4  ethernet  --     
    [root@qdlinux ~]# nmcli device 
    DEVICE      TYPE      STATE         CONNECTION 
    ens32       ethernet  connected     ens32      
    virbr0      bridge    connected     virbr0     
    ens34       ethernet  disconnected  --         
    lo          loopback  unmanaged     --         
    virbr0-nic  tun       unmanaged     --         
    

    添加一个手动配置文件

    [root@qdlinux ~]# nmcli connection add con-name ens34-static ifname ens34 type ethernet ipv4.method manual autoconnect yes ipv4.addresses 192.168.56.26/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.56.2 ipv4.dns 202.102.134.68 +ipv4.dns 202.102.128.68
    Connection 'ens34-static' (7050b2ec-2d8b-42a8-be2b-856d92dc66a4) successfully added.
    

    再查看一个设备状态

    [root@qdlinux ~]# nmcli device 
    DEVICE      TYPE      STATE      CONNECTION   
    ens32       ethernet  connected  ens32        
    ens34       ethernet  connected  ens34-static 
    virbr0      bridge    connected  virbr0       
    lo          loopback  unmanaged  --           
    virbr0-nic  tun       unmanaged  --           
    [root@qdlinux ~]# nmcli connection 
    NAME          UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE 
    ens32         b6ee9f55-35dd-41b0-865d-d83bc597877d  ethernet  ens32  
    ens34-static  7050b2ec-2d8b-42a8-be2b-856d92dc66a4  ethernet  ens34  
    virbr0        8e94e1f3-ca47-40b3-9003-15c741bcd332  bridge    virbr0 
    ens33-dhcp    ee3fc1d8-8d0e-4749-a624-cbdf6505bfe4  ethernet  --     
    
    

    查看一下该配置文件信息

    [root@qdlinux ~]# less /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens34-static 
    TYPE=Ethernet
    PROXY_METHOD=none
    BROWSER_ONLY=no
    BOOTPROTO=none
    IPADDR=192.168.56.26
    PREFIX=24
    GATEWAY=192.168.56.2
    DNS1=202.102.134.68
    DNS2=202.102.128.68
    DEFROUTE=yes
    IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
    IPV6INIT=yes
    IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
    IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
    IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
    IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
    NAME=ens34-static
    UUID=7050b2ec-2d8b-42a8-be2b-856d92dc66a4
    DEVICE=ens34
    ONBOOT=yes
    
    

    修改开机自启动

    [root@qdlinux ~]# nmcli connection modify ens34-static autoconnect no
    [root@qdlinux ~]# tail /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens34-static 
    IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
    IPV6INIT=yes
    IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
    IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
    IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
    IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
    NAME=ens34-static
    UUID=7050b2ec-2d8b-42a8-be2b-856d92dc66a4
    DEVICE=ens34
    ONBOOT=no
    
    

    修改DNS通过+/-添加删除dns

    [root@qdlinux ~]# nmcli connection modify ens34-static ipv4.dns 202.102.134.68
    [root@qdlinux ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens34-static | grep DNS
    DNS1=202.102.134.68
    
    

    手动方式修改配置文件

    通过手动方式修改配置文件,首先复制一份原始配置命名为ifcfg-ens35-static,修改配置名称、协议、删除UUID、IP地址

    [root@qdlinux network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-ens35-static 
    TYPE=Ethernet
    PROXY_METHOD=none
    BROWSER_ONLY=no
    TYPE=Ethernet
    PROXY_METHOD=none
    BROWSER_ONLY=no
    TYPE=Ethernet
    PROXY_METHOD=none
    TYPE=Ethernet
    PROXY_METHOD=none
    BROWSER_ONLY=no
    BOOTPROTO=static //修改为static
    DEFROUTE=yes
    IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
    IPV6INIT=yes
    IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
    IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
    IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
    IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
    NAME=ens35-static//修改为ens35-static
    DEVICE=ens35//修改为ens35
    ONBOOT=yes
    IPADDR=192.168.56.26
    PREFIX=24
    GATEWAY=192.168.56.2
    DNS1=202.102.134.68
    DNS2=114.114.114.114
    
    

    重新加载一下配置文件启动配置

    [root@qdlinux network-scripts]# nmcli connection reload 
    [root@qdlinux network-scripts]# nmcli device 
    DEVICE      TYPE      STATE      CONNECTION   
    ens32       ethernet  connected  ens32        
    ens34       ethernet  connected  ens34-static 
    ens35       ethernet  connected  ens35-static 
    virbr0      bridge    connected  virbr0       
    lo          loopback  unmanaged  --           
    virbr0-nic  tun       unmanaged  --           
    [root@qdlinux network-scripts]# nmcli connection 
    NAME          UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE 
    ens32         b6ee9f55-35dd-41b0-865d-d83bc597877d  ethernet  ens32  
    ens34-static  7050b2ec-2d8b-42a8-be2b-856d92dc66a4  ethernet  ens34  
    ens35-static  c3f27806-e8cf-8d29-2fba-c732def2dc76  ethernet  ens35  
    virbr0        8e94e1f3-ca47-40b3-9003-15c741bcd332  bridge    virbr0 
    ens33-dhcp    ee3fc1d8-8d0e-4749-a624-cbdf6505bfe4  ethernet  --     
    
    [root@qdlinux network-scripts]# nmcli connection down ens35-static ; nmcli connection up ens35-static
    

    修改centos默认ens32为eth0方法

    [root@qdlinux network-scripts]# vim /etc/sysconfig/grub 
    GRUB_TIMEOUT=5
    GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="$(sed 's, release .*$,,g' /etc/system-release)"
    GRUB_DEFAULT=saved
    GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=true
    GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console"
    GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="rhgb net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 quiet"
    GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"
    
    //重新加载一下
    [root@qdlinux network-scripts]# grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg 
    Generating grub configuration file ...
    Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64
    Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64.img
    Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-52d8eda1b73640adbcf5f8c63832171a
    Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-52d8eda1b73640adbcf5f8c63832171a.img
    done
    [root@qdlinux network-scripts]# 
    
    

    重新启动计算机,发现已经修改成功

    [root@qdlinux ~]# nmcli connection 
    NAME         UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE 
    eth0         b6ee9f55-35dd-41b0-865d-d83bc597877d  ethernet  eth0   
    eth1-static  7050b2ec-2d8b-42a8-be2b-856d92dc66a4  ethernet  eth1   
    eth2-static  8f105ed6-1361-8e14-51fd-dedb8ef3510a  ethernet  eth2   
    virbr0       9a190443-83a0-4623-a6b4-a62fdda2d167  bridge    virbr0 
    [root@qdlinux ~]# nmcli device 
    DEVICE      TYPE      STATE      CONNECTION  
    eth0        ethernet  connected  eth0        
    eth1        ethernet  connected  eth1-static 
    eth2        ethernet  connected  eth2-static 
    virbr0      bridge    connected  virbr0      
    lo          loopback  unmanaged  --          
    virbr0-nic  tun       unmanaged  --   
    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/qdlinux/p/9467460.html
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