linux之rpm命令使用攻略

[root@iZ25ja2kaemZ ~]# rpm --help
Usage: rpm [OPTION...]
  --quiet

 

Query/Verify package selection options:（查询（--query）命令）
-a, --all                        query/verify all packages #该命令通常与-q连用，如rpm -qa;rpm -qa |grep mysql;参见案例二，该rpm -qa;命令参数仅仅显示已经安装的rpm包列表。

  -f, --file                       query/verify package(s) owning file
  -g, --group                      query/verify package(s) in group
  -p, --package                    query/verify a package file
  -W, --ftswalk                    query/verify package(s) from TOP file tree walk
  --pkgid                          query/verify package(s) with package identifier
  --hdrid                          query/verify package(s) with header identifier
  --fileid                         query/verify package(s) with file identifier
  --specfile                       query a spec file
  --triggeredby                    query the package(s) triggered by the package
  --whatrequires                   query/verify the package(s) which require a dependency
  --whatprovides                   query/verify the package(s) which provide a dependency
  --nomanifest                     do not process non-package files as manifests

Query options (with -q or --query):（亚强：本行的意思是下面的这部分命令应该与-q命令或--query命令一起结合使用）
  -c, --configfiles                list all configuration files
  -d, --docfiles                   list all documentation files，安装目录文件路径，如 rpm -qdmysql 参见案例三,-qd是-ql的子集。
  --dump                           dump basic file information
  -l, --list                       list files in package 列出目的安装包的安装在当前服务器中的所有文件路径列表，参见案例一。如 rpm -ql mysql #查看mysql的rpm包安装后的各个相关安装的文件的路径信息
  --queryformat=QUERYFORMAT        use the following query format
  -s, --state                      display the states of the listed files

Verify options (with -V or --verify):
  --nofiledigest                   don't verify digest of files
  --nomd5                          don't verify digest of files
  --nofiles                        don't verify files in package
  --nodeps                         don't verify package dependencies
  --noscript                       don't execute verify script(s)

 

File tree walk options (with --ftswalk):
  --comfollow                      follow command line symlinks
  --logical                        logical walk
  --nochdir                        don't change directories
  --nostat                         don't get stat info
  --physical                       physical walk
  --seedot                         return dot and dot-dot
  --xdev                           don't cross devices
  --whiteout                       return whiteout information

 

Signature options:
  --addsign                        sign package(s) (identical to --resign)
  -K, --checksig                   verify package signature(s)
  --delsign                        delete package signatures
  --import                         import an armored public key
  --resign                         sign package(s) (identical to --addsign)
  --nodigest                       don't verify package digest(s)
  --nosignature                    don't verify package signature(s)

 

Database options:
  --initdb                         initialize database
  --rebuilddb                      rebuild database inverted lists from installed package headers

 

Install/Upgrade/Erase options:
  --aid                            add suggested packages to transaction
  --allfiles                       install all files, even configurations which might otherwise be skipped
  --allmatches                     remove all packages which match <package> (normally an error is generated if <package> specified multiple packages)
  --badreloc                       relocate files in non-relocatable package
  -e, --erase=<package>+           erase (uninstall) package
  --excludedocs                    do not install documentation
  --excludepath=<path>             skip files with leading component <path>
  --fileconflicts                  detect file conflicts between packages
  --force                          short hand for --replacepkgs --replacefiles
  -F, --freshen=<packagefile>+     upgrade package(s) if already installed
  -h, --hash                       print hash marks as package installs (good with -v)
  --ignorearch                     don't verify package architecture
  --ignoreos                       don't verify package operating system
  --ignoresize                     don't check disk space before installing
  -i, --install                    install package(s)
  --justdb                         update the database, but do not modify the filesystem
  --nodeps                         do not verify package dependencies
  --nofiledigest                   don't verify digest of files
  --nomd5                          don't verify digest of files (obsolete)
  --nocontexts                     don't install file security contexts
  --noorder                        do not reorder package installation to satisfy dependencies
  --nosuggest                      do not suggest missing dependency resolution(s)
  --noscripts                      do not execute package scriptlet(s)
  --notriggers                     do not execute any scriptlet(s) triggered by this package
  --oldpackage                     upgrade to an old version of the package (--force on upgrades does this automatically)
  --percent                        print percentages as package installs
  --prefix=<dir>                   relocate the package to <dir>, if relocatable
  --relocate=<old>=<new>           relocate files from path <old> to <new>
  --replacefiles                   ignore file conflicts between packages
  --replacepkgs                    reinstall if the package is already present
  --test                           don't install, but tell if it would work or not
  -U, --upgrade=<packagefile>+     upgrade package(s),see Example 4.

 

Common options for all rpm modes and executables:
  -D, --define='MACRO EXPR'        define MACRO with value EXPR
  -E, --eval='EXPR'                print macro expansion of EXPR
  --macros=<FILE:...>              read <FILE:...> instead of default file(s)
  --nodigest                       don't verify package digest(s)
  --nosignature                    don't verify package signature(s)
  --rcfile=<FILE:...>              read <FILE:...> instead of default file(s)
  -r, --root=ROOT                  use ROOT as top level directory (default: "/")
  --querytags                      display known query tags
  --showrc                         display final rpmrc and macro configuration
  --quiet                          provide less detailed output
  -v, --verbose                    provide more detailed output
  --version                        print the version of rpm being used

 

Options implemented via popt alias/exec:
  --scripts                        list install/erase scriptlets from package(s)
  --setperms                       set permissions of files in a package
  --setugids                       set user/group ownership of files in a package
  --conflicts                      list capabilities this package conflicts with
  --obsoletes                      list other packages removed by installing this package
  --provides                       list capabilities that this package provides
  --requires                       list capabilities required by package(s)
  --info                           list descriptive information from package(s)
  --changelog                      list change logs for this package
  --xml                            list metadata in xml
  --triggers                       list trigger scriptlets from package(s)
  --last                           list package(s) by install time, most recent first
  --dupes                          list duplicated packages
  --filesbypkg                     list all files from each package
  --fileclass                      list file names with classes
  --filecolor                      list file names with colors
  --fscontext                      list file names with security context from file system
  --fileprovide                    list file names with provides
  --filerequire                    list file names with requires
  --filecaps                       list file names with POSIX1.e capabilities

 

Help options:
  -?, --help                       Show this help message
  --usage                          Display brief usage message

 

案例一：

[root@iZ25ja2kaemZ ~]# rpm -ql mysql
/usr/bin/msql2mysql
/usr/bin/my_print_defaults
/usr/bin/mysql
/usr/bin/mysql_config
/usr/bin/mysql_find_rows
/usr/bin/mysql_waitpid
/usr/bin/mysqlaccess
/usr/bin/mysqladmin
/usr/bin/mysqlbinlog
/usr/bin/mysqlcheck
/usr/bin/mysqldump
/usr/bin/mysqlimport
/usr/bin/mysqlshow
/usr/bin/mysqlslap
/usr/lib64/mysql/mysql_config
/usr/lib64/mysql/mysqlbug
/usr/share/doc/mysql-5.1.73
/usr/share/doc/mysql-5.1.73/COPYING
/usr/share/doc/mysql-5.1.73/README
/usr/share/doc/mysql-5.1.73/README.mysql-docs
/usr/share/doc/mysql-5.1.73/README.mysql-license
/usr/share/man/man1/my_print_defaults.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mysql.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mysql_config.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mysql_find_rows.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mysql_waitpid.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mysqlaccess.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mysqladmin.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mysqldump.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mysqlshow.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mysqlslap.1.gz
案例二：

[root@iZ25ja2kaemZ ~]# rpm -qa |grep mysql #查看已经安装的包含mysql的安装包名的安装包
mysql-libs-5.1.73-5.el6_6.x86_64
mysql-server-5.1.73-5.el6_6.x86_64
mysql-5.1.73-5.el6_6.x86_64

[root@iZ25ja2kaemZ ~]# rpm -qa |more  #查看所有的已经安装的安装包列表
python-libs-2.6.6-52.el6.x86_64
basesystem-10.0-4.el6.noarch
bind-libs-9.8.2-0.23.rc1.el6_5.1.x86_64
libproxy-python-0.3.0-4.el6_3.x86_64
selinux-policy-3.7.19-231.el6_5.3.noarch
libreport-2.0.9-19.el6.centos.x86_64
glib2-2.26.1-7.el6_5.x86_64
abrt-addon-ccpp-2.0.8-21.el6.centos.x86_64
libcap-2.16-5.5.el6.x86_64
ethtool-3.5-1.4.el6_5.x86_64
abrt-addon-kerneloops-2.0.8-21.el6.centos.x86_64
dbus-libs-1.2.24-7.el6_3.x86_64
dracut-004-336.el6_5.2.noarch
neon-0.29.3-3.el6_4.x86_64
chkconfig-1.3.49.3-2.el6_4.1.x86_64
systemtap-runtime-2.3-4.el6_5.x86_64
libXau-1.0.6-4.el6.x86_64
expat-2.0.1-11.el6_2.x86_64
subversion-1.6.11-10.el6_5.x86_64
libXext-1.3.1-2.el6.x86_64
gawk-3.1.7-10.el6.x86_64
quota-3.17-21.el6_5.x86_64
libXi-1.6.1-3.el6.x86_64
shadow-utils-4.1.4.2-13.el6.x86_64
bind-utils-9.8.2-0.23.rc1.el6_5.1.x86_64
libXinerama-1.1.2-2.el6.x86_64
gdb-7.2-64.el6_5.2.x86_64
gtk2-2.20.1-4.el6.x86_64
sqlite-3.6.20-1.el6.x86_64
audit-2.2-4.el6_5.x86_64
gettext-devel-0.17-16.el6.x86_64
xmlrpc-c-1.16.24-1210.1840.el6.x86_64
lzo-2.03-3.1.el6_5.1.x86_64
policycoreutils-2.0.83-19.39.el6.x86_64
m4-1.4.13-5.el6.x86_64
man-pages-overrides-6.5.3-1.el6_5.noarch
libidn-1.18-2.el6.x86_64
glibc-2.12-1.149.el6_6.5.x86_64
device-mapper-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64
libcap-ng-0.6.4-3.el6_0.1.x86_64
ntpdate-4.2.6p5-2.el6.centos.x86_64
kbd-1.15-11.el6.x86_64
libudev-147-2.51.el6.x86_64
--more--
案例三：

[root@iZ25ja2kaemZ ~]# rpm -qd mysql-server#mysql-server安装包安装后的各个文件路径
/usr/share/doc/mysql-server-5.1.73/my-huge.cnf
/usr/share/doc/mysql-server-5.1.73/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf
/usr/share/doc/mysql-server-5.1.73/my-large.cnf
/usr/share/doc/mysql-server-5.1.73/my-medium.cnf
/usr/share/doc/mysql-server-5.1.73/my-small.cnf
/usr/share/man/man1/innochecksum.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/msql2mysql.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/myisam_ftdump.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/myisamchk.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/myisamlog.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/myisampack.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mysql.server.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mysql_convert_table_format.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mysql_fix_extensions.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mysql_fix_privilege_tables.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mysql_install_db.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mysql_secure_installation.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mysql_setpermission.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mysql_tzinfo_to_sql.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mysql_upgrade.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mysql_zap.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mysqlbinlog.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mysqlbug.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mysqlcheck.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mysqld_multi.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mysqld_safe.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mysqldumpslow.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mysqlhotcopy.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mysqlimport.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mysqlman.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mysqltest.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/perror.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/replace.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/resolve_stack_dump.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/resolveip.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/mysqld.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/mysqlmanager.8.gz

Example 4：

64 bit:
# rpm -Uhv http://www.percona.com/redir/downloads/percona-release/percona-release-0.0-1.x86_64.rpm

32 bit:
# rpm -Uhv http://www.percona.com/redir/downloads/percona-release/percona-release-0.0-1.i386.rpm

and then you can simply do

Example 5：查看某个rpm包的安装信息

--info                           list descriptive information from package(s)

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qi nginx

Name        : nginx

Epoch       : 1

Version     : 1.18.0

Release     : 1.el7.ngx

Architecture: x86_64

Install Date: Sun 02 Aug 2020 09:21:31 AM EDT

Group       : System Environment/Daemons

Size        : 2830028

License     : 2-clause BSD-like license

Signature   : RSA/SHA1, Tue 21 Apr 2020 11:19:18 AM EDT, Key ID abf5bd827bd9bf62

Source RPM  : nginx-1.18.0-1.el7.ngx.src.rpm

Build Date  : Tue 21 Apr 2020 11:07:33 AM EDT

Build Host  : ip-10-1-17-101.eu-central-1.compute.internal

Relocations : (not relocatable)

Vendor      : Nginx, Inc.

URL         : http://nginx.org/

Summary     : High performance web server

Description :

nginx [engine x] is an HTTP and reverse proxy server, as well as

a mail proxy server.

[root@localhost ~]#