ansible的模块使用说明

参考官方链接：

https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/user_guide/intro_adhoc.html#parallelism-and-shell-commands

• shell模块使用
  提权操作：

[root@ansible-test ~]# ansible test1 -m shell -a "ls /root" -u zhouyuqiang -k --become -K
SSH password:
SUDO password[defaults to SSH password]:
test1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
anaconda-ks.cfg
GateOne-master
master.zip

• copy操作：
  官方：
  $ ansible atlanta -m copy -a "src=/etc/hosts dest=/tmp/hosts"

实际：
[root@ansible-test ~]# ansible web1 -m copy -a "src=/root/redis-5.0.3.tar.gz dest=/usr/local/src"

查询：
[root@ansible-test ~]# ansible web1 -m shell -a "ls /usr/local/src"
172.16.188.191 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
redis-5.0.3.tar.gz

---

• file模块：

创建文件夹：
state 一定需要指定：
状态：
创建文件夹：directory
(递归)删除文件：absent
创建一个文件：touch

[root@ansible-test ansible-yaml]# ansible web -m file -a "dest=/etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo state=absent"
test2 | CHANGED => {
"changed": true,
"path": "/etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo",
"state": "absent"
}
test1 | CHANGED => {
"changed": true,
"path": "/etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo",
"state": "absent"
}
test3 | CHANGED => {
"changed": true,
"path": "/etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo",
"state": "absent"
}

---

• yum模块

state 一定需要
状态：
具体版本：present
最新版本：latest
name 是指定需要安装的包名

[root@ansible-test opt]# ansible web1 -m yum -a "name=memcached state=present"

卸载一个版本：
指定状态就可以：absent
[root@ansible-test opt]# ansible web1 -m yum -a "name=memcached state=absent"

---

• user模块
  创建一个用户并设置密码：
  [root@ansible-test ~]# ansible web1 -m user -a "name=user1 password=1"

查询：
[root@ansible-test ~]# ansible web1 -m user -a "name=user1 password=1"
删除用户：
指定状态即可：absent
[root@ansible-test ~]# ansible web1 -m user -a "name=user1 state=absent"

指定创建用户不能登录，一般是服务用户：
[root@ansible-test ~]# ansible web1 -m user -a "name=user1 password=123 shell=/sbin/nologin "
如下：
user1❌1002:1003::/home/user1:/sbin/nologin

---

• git 模块
  需要指定用户：-uroot
  repo指定git仓库地址
  目标主机需要有git命令，没有进行安装
  [root@ansible-test ~]# ansible web1 -m yum -a "name=git state=latest"

[root@ansible-test ~]# ansible web1 -vvvv -m git -a "repo=https://github.com/ansible/ansible.git dest=/opt/ansibleå-source" -uroot

---

• Managing Services启动服务模块
  启动服务：
  state=started
  state=started
  [root@ansible-test ~]# ansible web -m service -a "name=memcached state=started" -uroot

关闭服务：
state=stopped
[root@ansible-test ~]# ansible web -m service -a "name=memcached state=stopped" -uroot

重新启动：
state=restarted

[root@ansible-test ~]# ansible web -m service -a "name=memcached state=restarted" -uroot

加入开机启动：
enabled=true

[root@ansible-test ~]# ansible web -m service -a "name=memcached enabled=true" -uroot

---

• setup模块
  [root@ansible-test ~]# ansible web -m setup

如：
"ansible_system_capabilities_enforced": "True",
"ansible_system_vendor": "VMware, Inc.",
"ansible_uptime_seconds": 82564,
"ansible_user_dir": "/root",
"ansible_user_gecos": "root",
"ansible_user_gid": 0,
"ansible_user_id": "root",
"ansible_user_shell": "/bin/bash",
"ansible_user_uid": 0,
"ansible_userspace_architecture": "x86_64",
"ansible_userspace_bits": "64",
"ansible_virtualization_role": "guest",

  进行过滤操作：
  
  "filter=ansible_user_shell"
  
  [root@ansible-test ~]# ansible web -m setup  -a "filter=ansible_user_shell"

test2 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"ansible_user_shell": "/bin/bash"

    [root@ansible-test ~]# ansible web -m setup  -a "filter=ansible_all_ipv4_addresses"

test2 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"ansible_all_ipv4_addresses": [
"172.16.188.191"
]
},
"changed": false
}

可以通过统配符进行匹配：

如：filter=ipv4

[root@ansible-test ~]# ansible web -m setup -a "filter=ipv4"
test2 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"ansible_all_ipv4_addresses": [
"172.16.188.191"
],
"ansible_default_ipv4": {
"address": "172.16.188.191",
"alias": "eth0",
"broadcast": "172.16.188.255",
"gateway": "172.16.188.1",

---

• playbook的模块

yaml的语法,采用yaml语法，具体语法其实很简单，主要是空格区分目录。每个目录层级是2个空格，每个：后面一定要需要空格，否则语法报错