Backbone学习记录（1）

去年买的《基于MVC的javascript Web富应用开发》，拖到现在还没看完，作者介绍了三个MVC框架，Spine ,backbone和javascriptMVC。1和2在国内的流行度，不高，我就只打算学backbone了。

backbone依赖于underscore.js，所以在引入的时候需要先引underscore -_-#
=>  Uncaught TypeError: Cannot call method 'each' of undefined

Backbone的模块

1）Events 事件驱动方法
2）Model 数据模型
3）Collection 模型集合器
4）Router 路由（hash）
5) History 开启历史管理
6) Sync 同步服务器方式
7) View 视图（事件行为与渲染页面）

Events模块可以混合到任何模块中。使对象可以绑定和触发自定义事件。

_.extend(Model.prototype, Events, {});
_.extend(Collection.prototype, Events, {});
_.extend(View.prototype, Events, {});
_.extend(Router.prototype, Events, {});

Model与Collection的关系：Collection是Model的集合，对单独的模型集合在一起然后进行整体操作。

backbone的控制器并没有单独分离出来，它与渲染视图一起混杂在View中。

Backbone对象

console.log(Backbone);

/*{
    $: function ( selector, context ) {},
    Collection: function (models, options) {},
    Events: Object,
    History: function () {},
    Model: function (attributes, options) {},
    Router: function (options) {},
    VERSION: "1.1.2",
    View: function (options) {},
    ajax: function () {},
    bind: function (name, callback, context) {},
    emulateHTTP: false,
    emulateJSON: false,
    history: Backbone.History,
    listenTo: function (obj, name, callback) {},
    listenToOnce: function (obj, name, callback) {},
    noConflict: function () {},
    off: function (name, callback, context) {},
    on: function (name, callback, context) {},
    once: function (name, callback, context) {},
    stopListening: function (obj, name, callback) {},
    sync: function (method, model, options) {},
    trigger: function (name) {},
    unbind: function (name, callback, context) {},
    __proto__: Object
}*/

Model

看一下Backbone的Model构造器

  var Model = Backbone.Model = function(attributes, options) {
    var attrs = attributes || {};
    options || (options = {});
    this.cid = _.uniqueId('c');
    this.attributes = {};
    if (options.collection) this.collection = options.collection;
    if (options.parse) attrs = this.parse(attrs, options) || {};
    attrs = _.defaults({}, attrs, _.result(this, 'defaults'));
    this.set(attrs, options);
    this.changed = {};
    this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
  };

options用第2种写法的原因是其性能更好，如果options存在，就可避免一次赋值的操作

options=options||{};//1
options|(options={});//2

cid属性不知道是干嘛的，为什么要把attributes属性留出来？以及中间那一大堆都在干嘛，最后是调用了initialize方法做初始化工作？

创建一个Model:(好吧，写错了，User和User1都应该用小写开头- -)

var User=new Backbone.Model();

var User1=new Backbone.Model({'name':'susan'});

Model.extend()方法

keys(Backbone.Model)
//["extend"]

Model有一个静态方法extend：没看过underscore,源码以后再看 ~~~~(>_<)~~~~ 

总之，第一个参数对象的属性都被传到了extend生产的构造器的原型上，第二个参数对象的属性都成了extend生成的构造器的静态属性

  var extend = function(protoProps, staticProps) {
    var parent = this;
    var child;

    // The constructor function for the new subclass is either defined by you
    // (the "constructor" property in your `extend` definition), or defaulted
    // by us to simply call the parent's constructor.
    if (protoProps && _.has(protoProps, 'constructor')) {
      child = protoProps.constructor;
    } else {
      child = function(){ return parent.apply(this, arguments); };
    }

    // Add static properties to the constructor function, if supplied.
    _.extend(child, parent, staticProps);

    // Set the prototype chain to inherit from `parent`, without calling
    // `parent`'s constructor function.
    var Surrogate = function(){ this.constructor = child; };
    Surrogate.prototype = parent.prototype;
    child.prototype = new Surrogate;

    // Add prototype properties (instance properties) to the subclass,
    // if supplied.
    if (protoProps) _.extend(child.prototype, protoProps);

    // Set a convenience property in case the parent's prototype is needed
    // later.
    child.__super__ = parent.prototype;

    return child;
  };

var User1=Backbone.Model.extend({});
var User2=Backbone.Model.extend({'initalize':function(){console.log('init ing')}});
var user1=new User1();
var user2=new User2();

cid似乎是实例的标志。对比user1和user2,可知，Backbone.Model.extend构造器传入的第一个参数（对象）属性添加到了原型链上。

Backbone.Model.extend生成的User2构造器，比如这里，在实例化User2的时候传入{'name':'susan'}，这些键值对最后被保存在了实例的attributes属性中。

var User4=Backbone.Model.extend({'initalize':function(){console.log('init ing')}},{'checkFn':function(){console.log("check fn ing")}});
keys(User4);
//["extend", "checkFn", "__super__"]

 这里可以看到，checkFn确实是作为了User4的静态属性。

set 和 get方法

var User1=Backbone.Model.extend({});
var user1=new User1({'name':'susan'});
user1.get('name');
//"susan"

从这里可以看到 new User1()的时候传入一个对象参数，等同于user1.set()方法 ？

set的两种用法 ： set(name,value) 与 set({name:value})

user1.set('name','lily');
user1.get('name');
//lily
user1.set({'name':'lucy','age':'25'});
user1.get('name');//lucy
user1.get('age');//25