Java 序列化简介
Java 对象序列化是 JDK 1.1 中引入的一组开创性特性之一,用于作为一种将 Java 对象的状态转换为字节数组,以便存储或传输的机制,以后,仍可以将字节数组转换回 Java 对象原有的状态。
实际上,序列化的思想是 “冻结” 对象状态,传输对象状态(写到磁盘、通过网络传输等等),然后 “解冻” 状态,重新获得可用的 Java 对象。所有这些事情的发生有点像是魔术,这要归功于 ObjectInputStream/ObjectOutputStream 类、完全保真的元数据以及程序员愿意用Serializable 标识接口标记他们的类,从而 “参与” 这个过程。
显示一个实现 Serializable 的 Person 类。
package com.glut.demo;
import java.io.Serializable;
/**
* 人类序列化
* @author qichunlin
*
*/
public class Person implements Serializable {
private String firstName;
private String lastName;
private int age;
private Person spouse;
public Person(String fn, String ln, int a) {
this.firstName = fn;
this.lastName = ln;
this.age = a;
}
public String getFirstName() {
return firstName;
}
public String getLastName() {
return lastName;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public Person getSpouse() {
return spouse;
}
public void setFirstName(String value) {
firstName = value;
}
public void setLastName(String value) {
lastName = value;
}
public void setAge(int value) {
age = value;
}
public void setSpouse(Person value) {
spouse = value;
}
public String toString() {
return "[Person: firstName=" + firstName + " lastName=" + lastName + " age=" + age + " spouse="
+ spouse.getFirstName() + "]";
}
}
将 Person 序列化后,很容易将对象状态写到磁盘,然后重新读出它,下面的 JUnit 5 单元测试对此做了演示。
对Person进行反序列化
package com.glut.demo;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
public class SerTest {
@Test
public void serializeToDisk()
{
try
{
Person ted = new Person("Ted", "Neward", 39);
Person charl = new Person("Charlotte",
"Neward", 38);
ted.setSpouse(charl); charl.setSpouse(ted);
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("tempdata.ser");
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(fos);
oos.writeObject(ted);
oos.close();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
fail("Exception thrown during test: " + ex.toString());
}
try
{
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("tempdata.ser");
ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(fis);
Person ted = (Person) ois.readObject();
ois.close();
assertEquals(ted.getFirstName(), "Ted");
assertEquals(ted.getSpouse().getFirstName(), "Charlotte");
// Clean up the file
new File("tempdata.ser").delete();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
fail("Exception thrown during test: " + ex.toString());
}
}
}