使用 GetAdaptersInfo 或 GetAdaptersAddresses 获取网络相关参数

GetAdaptersInfo 和 GetAdaptersAddresses 都能获取网络相关信息，如网卡名称、MAC 地址、IP、DNS、网关等信息，但是两个函数感觉都有一些问题，GetAdaptersInfo 获取不到 IPV6 地址信息，使用起来较为简单，GetAdaptersAddresses 可以获取到 IPV6 地址信息，但是似乎获取不到 子网掩码 ，MSDN 推荐使用 GetAdaptersAddresses 。

1、GetAdaptersInfo：
代码：

PIP_ADAPTER_INFO pAdapterInfo;
PIP_ADAPTER_INFO pAdapter = NULL;
DWORD errValue = 0;
ULONG ulOutBufLen = sizeof(IP_ADAPTER_INFO);
pAdapterInfo = (IP_ADAPTER_INFO *)malloc(sizeof(IP_ADAPTER_INFO));
if (!pAdapterInfo)//malloc失败
    return;
if (GetAdaptersInfo(pAdapterInfo, &ulOutBufLen) == ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW) //空间不够，重新分配
{
    free(pAdapterInfo);
    pAdapterInfo = (IP_ADAPTER_INFO *)malloc(ulOutBufLen);
    if (!pAdapterInfo) //malloc失败
        return;
}
CString info;
if ((errValue = GetAdaptersInfo(pAdapterInfo, &ulOutBufLen)) == NO_ERROR)
{
    pAdapter = pAdapterInfo;
    while (pAdapter)
    {
        info += CString(_T("Adapter Name:")) + CString(pAdapter->AdapterName) + CString(_T("
"));//名字
        info += CString(_T("Adapter Desc:")) + CString(pAdapter->Description) + CString(_T("
"));//描述
        CString mac;
        mac.Format(_T("%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X"), pAdapter->Address[0], pAdapter->Address[1], 
            pAdapter->Address[2], pAdapter->Address[3], pAdapter->Address[4], pAdapter->Address[5]);
        info += CString(_T("Adapter Mac:")) + mac + CString(_T("
"));//MAC地址
        CString type;
        switch (pAdapter->Type) //类型，列举了几种
        {
        case MIB_IF_TYPE_OTHER:
            type = _T("其他");
            break;
        case MIB_IF_TYPE_ETHERNET:
            type = _T("以太网接口");
            break;
        case IF_TYPE_ISO88025_TOKENRING:
            type = _T("ISO88025令牌环");
            break;
        case MIB_IF_TYPE_PPP:
            type = _T("PPP接口");
            break;
        case MIB_IF_TYPE_LOOPBACK:
            type = _T("软件回路接口");
            break;
        case MIB_IF_TYPE_SLIP:
            type = _T("ATM网络接口");
            break;
        case IF_TYPE_IEEE80211:
            type = _T("无线网络接口");
            break;
        default:
            type = _T("未知接口");
            break;
        }
        info += CString(_T("网卡类型：")) + type + CString(_T("
"));
        info += CString(_T("IP地址：")) + CString(pAdapter->IpAddressList.IpAddress.String) + CString(_T("
"));
        info += CString(_T("子网掩码：")) + CString(pAdapter->IpAddressList.IpMask.String) + CString(_T("
"));
        info += CString(_T("默认网关：")) + CString(pAdapter->GatewayList.IpAddress.String) + CString(_T("
"));
        info += CString(_T("是否DHCP：")) + CString(pAdapter->DhcpEnabled ? _T("是") : _T("否")) + CString(_T("
"));
        info += CString(_T("DHCP地址：")) + CString(pAdapter->DhcpServer.IpAddress.String) + CString(_T("
"));
        //Dns
        IP_PER_ADAPTER_INFO* pPerAdapt = NULL;
        ULONG ulLen = 0;
        int err = GetPerAdapterInfo(pAdapter->Index, pPerAdapt, &ulLen);
        if (err == ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW)
        {
            pPerAdapt = (IP_PER_ADAPTER_INFO*)HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY, ulLen);
            err = GetPerAdapterInfo(pAdapter->Index, pPerAdapt, &ulLen);
            if (err == ERROR_SUCCESS)
            {
                IP_ADDR_STRING* pNext = &(pPerAdapt->DnsServerList);
                if (pNext && strcmp(pNext->IpAddress.String, "") != 0)//手动DNS
                {
                    info = info + CString(_T("DNS：")) + CString(pNext->IpAddress.String) + _T("
");
                    if (pNext->Next)
                    {
                        pNext = pNext->Next;
                        info = info + CString(_T("备用DNS：")) + CString(pNext->IpAddress.String) + _T("
");
                    }
                }
            }
            HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY, pPerAdapt);
        }
        info += "
";
        pAdapter = pAdapter->Next;
    }
}
else
{
    CString s;
    s.Format(_T("GetAdaptersInfo failed with error: %d
"), errValue);
    info += s;
}
if (pAdapterInfo)
    free(pAdapterInfo);
SetDlgItemText(IDC_EDIT, info);

效果：

2、GetAdaptersAddresses：
代码：

//关于这个标志，查 MSDN 吧。。。
ULONG flags = GAA_FLAG_INCLUDE_PREFIX | GAA_FLAG_INCLUDE_GATEWAYS;//包括 IPV4 ，IPV6 网关
ULONG family = AF_UNSPEC;//返回包括 IPV4 和 IPV6 地址
PIP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES pAddresses = NULL;
ULONG outBufLen = 0;
DWORD dwRetVal = 0;
PIP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES pCurrAddresses = NULL;
PIP_ADAPTER_UNICAST_ADDRESS pUnicast = NULL;
PIP_ADAPTER_ANYCAST_ADDRESS pAnycast = NULL;
PIP_ADAPTER_MULTICAST_ADDRESS pMulticast = NULL;
IP_ADAPTER_DNS_SERVER_ADDRESS *pDnServer = NULL;
IP_ADAPTER_PREFIX *pPrefix = NULL;
outBufLen = 15000;
do
{
    pAddresses = (IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES *)malloc(outBufLen);
    if (pAddresses == NULL)
        return;
    dwRetVal = GetAdaptersAddresses(family, flags, NULL, pAddresses, &outBufLen);
    if (dwRetVal == ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW)
    {
        free(pAddresses);
        pAddresses = NULL;
    }
    else
        break;
} while (dwRetVal == ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW);
CString info;
if (dwRetVal == NO_ERROR)
{
    pCurrAddresses = pAddresses;
    while (pCurrAddresses)
    {
        info += CString(_T("Adapter name:")) + pCurrAddresses->AdapterName + CString(_T("
"));
        info += CString(_T("Description:")) + CString(pCurrAddresses->Description) + CString(_T("
"));
        info += CString(_T("Friendly name:")) + CString(pCurrAddresses->FriendlyName) + CString(_T("
"));
        if (pCurrAddresses->PhysicalAddressLength != 0)
        {
            CString mac;//其实 MAC 地址的长度存在 PhysicalAddressLength 中，最好用它来确定格式化的长度
            mac.Format(_T("%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X"), pCurrAddresses->PhysicalAddress[0], pCurrAddresses->PhysicalAddress[1], 
                pCurrAddresses->PhysicalAddress[2], pCurrAddresses->PhysicalAddress[3], pCurrAddresses->PhysicalAddress[4], 
                pCurrAddresses->PhysicalAddress[5]);
            info += CString(_T("Adapter Mac:")) + mac + CString(_T("
"));//MAC地址
        }
        CString type;
        switch (pCurrAddresses->IfType) //类型，列举了几种
        {
        case MIB_IF_TYPE_ETHERNET:
            type = _T("以太网接口");
            break;
        case MIB_IF_TYPE_PPP:
            type = _T("PPP接口");
            break;
        case MIB_IF_TYPE_LOOPBACK:
            type = _T("软件回路接口");
            break;
        case MIB_IF_TYPE_SLIP:
            type = _T("ATM网络接口");
            break;
        case IF_TYPE_IEEE80211:
            type = _T("无线网络接口");
            break;
        }
        info += CString(_T("网卡类型：")) + type + CString(_T("
"));
        pUnicast = pCurrAddresses->FirstUnicastAddress;
        while (pUnicast)//单播IP
        {
            CHAR IP[130] = { 0 };
            if (AF_INET == pUnicast->Address.lpSockaddr->sa_family)// IPV4 地址，使用 IPV4 转换
                inet_ntop(PF_INET, &((sockaddr_in*)pUnicast->Address.lpSockaddr)->sin_addr, IP, sizeof(IP));
            else if (AF_INET6 == pUnicast->Address.lpSockaddr->sa_family)// IPV6 地址，使用 IPV6 转换
                inet_ntop(PF_INET6, &((sockaddr_in6*)pUnicast->Address.lpSockaddr)->sin6_addr, IP, sizeof(IP));
            info += CString(_T("单播IP：")) + CString(IP) + CString(_T("
"));
            pUnicast = pUnicast->Next;
        }
        if (pCurrAddresses->Dhcpv4Server.lpSockaddr)//DHCP服务器地址
        {
            CHAR dhcp[130] = { 0 };
            if (AF_INET == pCurrAddresses->Dhcpv4Server.lpSockaddr->sa_family)
                inet_ntop(PF_INET, &((sockaddr_in*)pCurrAddresses->Dhcpv4Server.lpSockaddr)->sin_addr, dhcp, sizeof(dhcp));
            else if (AF_INET6 == pCurrAddresses->Dhcpv4Server.lpSockaddr->sa_family)
                inet_ntop(PF_INET6, &((sockaddr_in6*)pCurrAddresses->Dhcpv4Server.lpSockaddr)->sin6_addr, dhcp, sizeof(dhcp));
            info += CString(_T("DHCP地址：")) + CString(dhcp) + CString(_T("
"));
        }
        pDnServer = pCurrAddresses->FirstDnsServerAddress;
        while (pDnServer)//DNS
        {
            CHAR DNS[130] = { 0 };
            if (AF_INET == pDnServer->Address.lpSockaddr->sa_family)
                inet_ntop(PF_INET, &((sockaddr_in*)pDnServer->Address.lpSockaddr)->sin_addr, DNS, sizeof(DNS));
            else if (AF_INET6 == pDnServer->Address.lpSockaddr->sa_family)
                inet_ntop(PF_INET6, &((sockaddr_in6*)pDnServer->Address.lpSockaddr)->sin6_addr, DNS, sizeof(DNS));
            info += CString(_T("DNS：")) + CString(DNS) + CString(_T("
"));
            pDnServer = pDnServer->Next;
        }
        CString MTU;// MTU 
        MTU.Format(_T("MTU：%d
"), pCurrAddresses->Mtu);
        info += MTU;
        CString sendSpeend;//发送速率
        sendSpeend.Format(_T("send speed:%d
"), pCurrAddresses->TransmitLinkSpeed);
        info += sendSpeend;
        CString recvSpeed;//接收速率
        recvSpeed.Format(_T("recv speed:%d
"), pCurrAddresses->ReceiveLinkSpeed);
        info += recvSpeed;
        auto pGetway = pCurrAddresses->FirstGatewayAddress;
        while (pGetway)//网关
        {
            CHAR getway[130] = { 0 };
            if (AF_INET == pGetway->Address.lpSockaddr->sa_family)
                inet_ntop(PF_INET, &((sockaddr_in*)pGetway->Address.lpSockaddr)->sin_addr, getway, sizeof(getway));
            else if (AF_INET6 == pGetway->Address.lpSockaddr->sa_family)
                inet_ntop(PF_INET6, &((sockaddr_in6*)pGetway->Address.lpSockaddr)->sin6_addr, getway, sizeof(getway));
            info += CString(_T("Getway：")) + CString(getway) + CString(_T("
"));
            pGetway = pGetway->Next;
        }
        if (pCurrAddresses->Dhcpv6Server.lpSockaddr)//IPV6DHCP
        {
            CHAR dhcpv6[130] = { 0 };
            if (AF_INET6 == pCurrAddresses->Dhcpv6Server.lpSockaddr->sa_family)
            {
                inet_ntop(PF_INET6, &((sockaddr_in6*)pCurrAddresses->Dhcpv6Server.lpSockaddr)->sin6_addr, dhcpv6, sizeof(dhcpv6));
                info += CString(_T("DHCPV6：")) + CString(dhcpv6) + CString(_T("
"));
            }
        }
        info += CString(_T("
"));
        pCurrAddresses = pCurrAddresses->Next;
    }
}
else
{
    CString s;
    s.Format(_T("GetAdaptersAddresses failed,error code:%d"), GetLastError());
    AfxMessageBox(s);
}
if (pAddresses)
    free(pAddresses);
SetDlgItemText(IDC_EDIT, info);

效果：

另外，使用 GetAdaptersAddresses 需要使用 iphlpapi.lib ，需要包含对应头文件，使用 inet_ntop 转换地址时需要包含 WS2tcpip.h 。

include <WS2tcpip.h>

include <iphlpapi.h>

pragma comment(lib, "iphlpapi.lib")

小结：
GetAdaptersInfo 使用较为简单，大部分情况下可以满足需求，GetAdaptersAddresses 使用复杂得多，但是可以获取 IPV6 甚至组播地址等。

代码链接：
VS2015工程：http://download.csdn.net/detail/yangyang031213/9891542
https://github.com/yangyang0312/cpp/tree/master/windows/AdaptInfo
————————————————
版权声明：本文为CSDN博主「yangyang031213」的原创文章，遵循CC 4.0 BY-SA版权协议，转载请附上原文出处链接及本声明。
原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/yangyang031213/article/details/64906437