概述
常用的多线程实现方式有2种:
1. 继承Thread类
2. 实现Runnable接口
之所以说是常用的,是因为通过还可以通过JUC(java.util.concurrent)包中的线程池来实现多线程。关于线程池的内容,我们以后会详细介绍;现在,先对的Thread和Runnable进行了解。
Thread简介
Thread 是一个类。Thread本身就实现了Runnable接口。它的声明如下:
public class Thread implements Runnable {}
Thread的作用是实现多线程。
ThreadTest.java 源码
class MyThread extends Thread{ private int ticket=10; public void run(){ for(int i=0;i<20;i++){ if(this.ticket>0){ System.out.println(this.getName()+" 卖票:ticket"+this.ticket--); } } } }; public class ThreadTest { public static void main(String[] args) { // 启动3个线程t1,t2,t3;每个线程各卖10张票! MyThread t1=new MyThread(); MyThread t2=new MyThread(); MyThread t3=new MyThread(); t1.start(); t2.start(); t3.start(); } }
运行结果
Thread-0 卖票:ticket10 Thread-1 卖票:ticket10 Thread-2 卖票:ticket10 Thread-1 卖票:ticket9 Thread-0 卖票:ticket9 Thread-1 卖票:ticket8 Thread-2 卖票:ticket9 Thread-1 卖票:ticket7 Thread-0 卖票:ticket8 Thread-1 卖票:ticket6 Thread-2 卖票:ticket8 Thread-1 卖票:ticket5 Thread-0 卖票:ticket7 Thread-1 卖票:ticket4 Thread-2 卖票:ticket7 Thread-1 卖票:ticket3 Thread-0 卖票:ticket6 Thread-1 卖票:ticket2 Thread-2 卖票:ticket6 Thread-2 卖票:ticket5 Thread-2 卖票:ticket4 Thread-1 卖票:ticket1 Thread-0 卖票:ticket5 Thread-2 卖票:ticket3 Thread-0 卖票:ticket4 Thread-2 卖票:ticket2 Thread-0 卖票:ticket3 Thread-2 卖票:ticket1 Thread-0 卖票:ticket2 Thread-0 卖票:ticket1
Runnable简介
Runnable 是一个函数式接口,该接口中只包含了一个run()方法。它的定义如下:
@FunctionalInterface public interface Runnable { public abstract void run(); }
Runnable的作用,实现多线程。我们可以定义一个类A实现Runnable接口;然后,通过new Thread(new A())等方式新建线程。
RunnableTest.java 源码
class MyThread implements Runnable{ private int ticket=10; public void run(){ for(int i=0;i<20;i++){ if(this.ticket>0){ System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" 卖票:ticket"+this.ticket--); } } } }; public class RunnableTest { public static void main(String[] args) { MyThread mt=new MyThread(); // 启动3个线程t1,t2,t3(它们共用一个Runnable对象),这3个线程一共卖10张票! Thread t1=new Thread(mt); Thread t2=new Thread(mt); Thread t3=new Thread(mt); t1.start(); t2.start(); t3.start(); } }
运行结果
Thread-0 卖票:ticket10 Thread-2 卖票:ticket8 Thread-1 卖票:ticket9 Thread-2 卖票:ticket6 Thread-0 卖票:ticket7 Thread-2 卖票:ticket4 Thread-1 卖票:ticket5 Thread-2 卖票:ticket2 Thread-0 卖票:ticket3 Thread-1 卖票:ticket1
Thread和Runnable的异同点
Thread 和 Runnable 的相同点:都是“多线程的实现方式”。
Thread 和 Runnable 的不同点:
Thread 是类,而Runnable是接口;Thread本身是实现了Runnable接口的类。我们知道“一个类只能有一个父类,但是却能实现多个接口”,因此Runnable具有更好的扩展性。
此外,Runnable还可以用于“资源的共享”。即,多个线程都是基于某一个Runnable对象建立的,它们会共享Runnable对象上的资源。
通常,建议通过“Runnable”实现多线程!