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  • Linux系统之rpm仓库搭建

    一、概念

      1.rpm是什么?在帮助文档里我们可以看到,rpm的名字是rpm package manage 的缩写, 从名字上看就可以知道rpm就是一个包管理工具。简单说rpm包就是把一些程序编译成二进制,和一些配置文件以及帮助文档等一些程序所依赖库打包在一起,这样形成的一个包。rpm大大的简化用户在Linux上安装软件的复杂度。

      2.rpm仓库是什么?从字面理解,仓库就是集中存放东西的地方,同样rpm仓库就是集中存放rpm包的一个地方。这里说的‘地方’就是服务器。把很多rpm包放在一个特定的服务器的特定目录里, 再由比如http、nfs、ftp、file这些协议是用来提供给其他服务器下载rpm包的服务器,我们把这样的服务器称为rpm仓库服务器。

      3.yum是什么?yum是Yellowdog Updater Modified 的缩写,翻译过来就是Yellowdog 更新修改,完全没有搞懂这个翻译到底是什么意思,查下百度百科吧!yum是一个在Fedora、Redhat以及CentOS中的shell前端软件包管理器。基于rpm包管理,能够从指定的服务器自下载rpm包并且安装,可以自动处理包依赖关系,并且能够一次安装所有所依赖的软件包,无需频繁的一次次下载安装。看了百度的解释,我们应该知道yum是什么了吧!简单说就是基于rpm包的前端管理工具,它可以帮我们解决包与包的依赖关系。

      4.yum的工作机制。yum是c/s架构的工作机制,服务端提供rpm仓库,客户端根据服务端提供的仓库,通过特定协议去服务端下载所需要的包来进行安装。第一次去服务端,它会把服务端的仓库元数据缓存到本地,这样就不需要每次下载都去服务端查询。所谓仓库的元数据就是记录着该仓库有哪些包,包名,包与包的依赖关系等一些数据。每次要装包的时候,yum会去看看本地缓存的元数据,有没有需要的包的信息,如果有,他们会把相应的包以及所依赖的包一并去服务端下载下来,一并安装。

    二、仓库的搭建

      了解了以上的基本概念,下面我们开始来搭建rpm仓库吧

      1.创建目录结构

    [root@test ~]$mkdir -pv /rpm/centos/{6,7}/os/x86_64
    mkdir: created directory `/rpm'
    mkdir: created directory `/rpm/centos'
    mkdir: created directory `/rpm/centos/6'
    mkdir: created directory `/rpm/centos/6/os'
    mkdir: created directory `/rpm/centos/6/os/x86_64'
    mkdir: created directory `/rpm/centos/7'
    mkdir: created directory `/rpm/centos/7/os'
    mkdir: created directory `/rpm/centos/7/os/x86_64'
    

      说明:本次实验是在centos6或centos7平台架构是x86_64的系统上来创建的目录

      2.上传包

    [root@test ~]$cd /rpm/centos/6/os/x86_64/
    [root@test x86_64]$pwd
    /rpm/centos/6/os/x86_64
    [root@test x86_64]$mv /root/samba-3.6.23-41.el6.x86_64.rpm /root/vsftpd-2.2.2-24.el6.x86_64.rpm .
    [root@test x86_64]$cd ../../../7/os/x86_64/
    [root@test x86_64]$pwd
    /rpm/centos/7/os/x86_64
    [root@test x86_64]$mv /root/tomcat-7.0.76-2.el7.noarch.rpm /root/samba-4.6.2-8.el7.x86_64.rpm .
    

      说明: 上传了4个包,在/rpm/centos/6/os/x86_64/ 放了samba-3.6.23-41.el6.x86_64.rpm和vsftpd-2.2.2-24.el6.x86_64.rpm两个包,在/rpm/centos/7/os/x86_64放了samba-4.6.2-8.el7.x86_64.rpm和tomcat-7.0.76-2.el7.noarch.rpm两个包,本人先是把包传到服务器,然后移动到相应的目录里。

      3.创建元数据

      首先要检查自己的服务器有没有装createrepo这个工具

    [root@test x86_64]$rpm -q createrepo
    package createrepo is not installed
    

      如果没有就安装

    [root@test x86_64]$yum install -y createrepo
    

      创建仓库元数据

    [root@test ~]$createrepo /rpm/centos/6/os/x86_64/
    Spawning worker 0 with 2 pkgs
    Workers Finished
    Gathering worker results
    
    Saving Primary metadata
    Saving file lists metadata
    Saving other metadata
    Generating sqlite DBs
    Sqlite DBs complete
    [root@test ~]$createrepo /rpm/centos/7/os/x86_64/
    Spawning worker 0 with 2 pkgs
    Workers Finished
    Gathering worker results
    
    Saving Primary metadata
    Saving file lists metadata
    Saving other metadata
    Generating sqlite DBs
    Sqlite DBs complete
    [root@test ~]$ll /rpm/centos/6/os/x86_64/
    total 5368
    drwxr-xr-x  2 root root    4096 Sep  8 16:18 repodata
    -rw-r--r--+ 1 root root 5331428 Sep  8 16:02 samba-3.6.23-41.el6.x86_64.rpm
    -rw-r--r--+ 1 root root  159332 Sep  8 16:02 vsftpd-2.2.2-24.el6.x86_64.rpm
    [root@test ~]$ll /rpm/centos/7/os/x86_64/
    total 732
    drwxr-xr-x  2 root root   4096 Sep  8 16:18 repodata
    -rw-r--r--+ 1 root root 647996 Sep  8 16:04 samba-4.6.2-8.el7.x86_64.rpm
    -rw-r--r--+ 1 root root  91820 Sep  8 16:04 tomcat-7.0.76-2.el7.noarch.rpm
    

      说明:可以看到在两个仓库下各自生成了一个repodata的目录,这里说一下,要确定仓库的路径就是要看repodata这个目录的父目录是什么,repodata目录所在的父目录就是仓库的路径。

      4.在客户端编写repo配置文件

    [root@test ~]$cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
    [root@test yum.repos.d]$ls
    CentOS-Base.repo  CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Media.repo  CentOS-Vault.repo  epel.repo  epel-testing.repo
    [root@test yum.repos.d]$mkdir repo_bak
    [root@test yum.repos.d]$mv *.repo repo_bak
    [root@test yum.repos.d]$ls
    repo_bak
    

      说明:本人采用的是客户端服务端在同一台设备上,为了不受其他repo配置文件的干扰,我们把以前的repo文件全部移动到另外一个备份目录里,然后在/etc/yum.repo.d/ 下创建一个repo文件。

    [my_base]
    name=this is test repo
    baseurl=file:///rpm/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch
    gpgcheck=0
    

      说明:创建一个.repo的文件,将以上内容添加到该文件,解释一下这个文件的内容,第一个中括号里表示仓库的名字,通常这个名字可以顺便起,一般不建议里面带空格,name=表示仓库的简要说明,baseurl= 表示仓库的路径,也就是repodata所在的目录的父目录,gpgcheck=0表示不检查包的gpg验证,若gpgcheck=1表示要验证。添加以上内容我们客户端就可以根据以上定义的baseurl去服务器仓库里找相应的包。

      5.在客户端清除yum缓存,查看仓库列表

    [root@test yum.repos.d]$yum clean all
    Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
    Cleaning repos: my_base
    Cleaning up Everything
    Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
    [root@test yum.repos.d]$yum repolist
    Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
    Determining fastest mirrors
    my_base                                                                                                     | 2.9 kB     00:00 ... 
    my_base/primary_db                                                                                          | 6.0 kB     00:00 ... 
    repo id                                                  repo name                                                           status
    my_base                                                  this is test repo                                                   2
    repolist: 2
    

      说明:可以看到我们刚才配置的仓库信息,repo id 就是我们刚才在repo文件中写的,也可看到里面有2个包。看到以上信息就表示rpm仓库在客户端上的配置成功了。

      6.装包验证

    [root@test yum.repos.d]$yum install vsftpd
    Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
    Setting up Install Process
    Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
    Resolving Dependencies
    --> Running transaction check
    ---> Package vsftpd.x86_64 0:2.2.2-24.el6 will be installed
    --> Finished Dependency Resolution
    
    Dependencies Resolved
    
    ===================================================================================================================================
     Package                      Arch                         Version                             Repository                     Size
    ===================================================================================================================================
    Installing:
     vsftpd                       x86_64                       2.2.2-24.el6                        my_base                       156 k
    
    Transaction Summary
    ===================================================================================================================================
    Install       1 Package(s)
    
    Total download size: 156 k
    Installed size: 340 k
    Is this ok [y/N]: y
    Downloading Packages:
    Running rpm_check_debug
    Running Transaction Test
    Transaction Test Succeeded
    Running Transaction
      Installing : vsftpd-2.2.2-24.el6.x86_64                                                                                      1/1 
      Verifying  : vsftpd-2.2.2-24.el6.x86_64                                                                                      1/1 
    
    Installed:
      vsftpd.x86_64 0:2.2.2-24.el6                                                                                                     
    
    Complete!
    

      说明:本人以两个包作为例子来演示搭建rpm的过程,可能装这个包还有其他依赖包,但是仓库里面没有其他依赖,可能会出现报错的情况。

      以上就是本地搭建repo仓库的过程。

      下面我再说下如何搭建网络rpm仓库

      1.先安装httpd web服务器

    [root@test yum.repos.d]$yum install httpd -y
    Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
    Setting up Install Process
    Determining fastest mirrors
     * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
     * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
     * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
    base                                                                                                        | 3.7 kB     00:00     
    base/primary_db                                                                                             | 4.7 MB     00:00     
    epel                                                                                                        | 5.3 kB     00:00     
    epel/primary_db                                                                                             | 6.1 MB     00:00     
    extras                                                                                                      | 3.4 kB     00:00     
    extras/primary_db                                                                                           |  29 kB     00:00     
    updates                                                                                                     | 3.4 kB     00:00     
    updates/primary_db                                                                                          | 5.7 MB     00:00     
    Resolving Dependencies
    --> Running transaction check
    ---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.2.15-69.el6.centos will be installed
    --> Finished Dependency Resolution
    
    Dependencies Resolved
    
    ===================================================================================================================================
     Package                    Arch                        Version                                    Repository                 Size
    ===================================================================================================================================
    Installing:
     httpd                      x86_64                      2.2.15-69.el6.centos                       base                      836 k
    
    Transaction Summary
    ===================================================================================================================================
    Install       1 Package(s)
    
    Total download size: 836 k
    Installed size: 3.0 M
    Downloading Packages:
    httpd-2.2.15-69.el6.centos.x86_64.rpm                                                                       | 836 kB     00:00     
    Running rpm_check_debug
    Running Transaction Test
    Transaction Test Succeeded
    Running Transaction
      Installing : httpd-2.2.15-69.el6.centos.x86_64                                                                               1/1 
      Verifying  : httpd-2.2.15-69.el6.centos.x86_64                                                                               1/1 
    
    Installed:
      httpd.x86_64 0:2.2.15-69.el6.centos                                                                                              
    
    Complete!
    

      说明:httpd默认工作路径在/var/www/html/ 下,也就是放html网页代码的地方。

      2.在httpd 的工作路径下 创建目录结构

    [root@test ~]$mkdir -pv /var/www/html/centos/{6,7}/os/x86_64
    mkdir: created directory `/var/www/html/centos'
    mkdir: created directory `/var/www/html/centos/6'
    mkdir: created directory `/var/www/html/centos/6/os'
    mkdir: created directory `/var/www/html/centos/6/os/x86_64'
    mkdir: created directory `/var/www/html/centos/7'
    mkdir: created directory `/var/www/html/centos/7/os'
    mkdir: created directory `/var/www/html/centos/7/os/x86_64'
    

      3.挂载安装光盘到相应的位置

    [root@test ~]$mount /dev/sr0 /var/www/html/centos/6/os/x86_64/
    mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
    

      说明:我这里只挂载了centos6的一个安装光盘,centos7下面的目录也可以使用同样的方式挂载centos7的安装光盘,这里用centos6作为演示。这里还要说一下安装光盘本身就有repodata目录,我们这里就不需要再创建元数据信息。

      4.开启httpd

    [root@test ~]$/etc/init.d/httpd start
    Starting httpd: httpd: apr_sockaddr_info_get() failed for test
    httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.0.1 for ServerName
                                                               [  OK  ]
    

      5.客户端配置repo文件

    [my_base]
    name=this is test repo
    baseurl=http://127.0.0.1/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch
    gpgcheck=0
    

      说明:这里只需要把仓库的路径改成以http的协议方式去获取,当然为了不受其他yum源的影响,本次实验我们也要把其他的repo文件放在一个备份目录。

      6.客户端清除yum缓存,并查看仓库列表

    [root@test x86_64]$yum clean all
    Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
    Cleaning repos: my_base
    Cleaning up Everything
    [root@test x86_64]$yum repolist 
    Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
    Determining fastest mirrors
    my_base                                                                                                                                             | 4.0 kB     00:00     
    my_base/primary_db                                                                                                                                  | 4.6 MB     00:00     
    repo id                                                                      repo name                                                                               status
    my_base                                                                      this is test repo                                                                       6,575
    repolist: 6,575
    

      说明:可以看到刚才搭建的仓库成功的出现在仓库列表中了。

      7.安装一个包,验证仓库

    [root@test ~]$yum install java -y
    Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
    Setting up Install Process
    Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
    Resolving Dependencies
    --> Running transaction check
    ---> Package java-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64 1:1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6 will be installed
    --> Processing Dependency: java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless = 1:1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6 for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64
    --> Processing Dependency: xorg-x11-fonts-Type1 for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64
    --> Processing Dependency: libjvm.so(SUNWprivate_1.1)(64bit) for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64
    --> Processing Dependency: libjli.so(SUNWprivate_1.1)(64bit) for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64
    --> Processing Dependency: libjava.so(SUNWprivate_1.1)(64bit) for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64
    --> Processing Dependency: libjli.so()(64bit) for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64
    --> Processing Dependency: libjava.so()(64bit) for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64
    --> Processing Dependency: libgif.so.4()(64bit) for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64
    --> Processing Dependency: libawt.so()(64bit) for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64
    --> Running transaction check
    ---> Package giflib.x86_64 0:4.1.6-3.1.el6 will be installed
    ---> Package java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless.x86_64 1:1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6 will be installed
    --> Processing Dependency: tzdata-java >= 2014f-1 for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64
    --> Processing Dependency: jpackage-utils for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64
    ---> Package xorg-x11-fonts-Type1.noarch 0:7.2-11.el6 will be installed
    --> Processing Dependency: ttmkfdir for package: xorg-x11-fonts-Type1-7.2-11.el6.noarch
    --> Processing Dependency: ttmkfdir for package: xorg-x11-fonts-Type1-7.2-11.el6.noarch
    --> Processing Dependency: mkfontdir for package: xorg-x11-fonts-Type1-7.2-11.el6.noarch
    --> Processing Dependency: mkfontdir for package: xorg-x11-fonts-Type1-7.2-11.el6.noarch
    --> Running transaction check
    ---> Package jpackage-utils.noarch 0:1.7.5-3.14.el6 will be installed
    ---> Package ttmkfdir.x86_64 0:3.0.9-32.1.el6 will be installed
    ---> Package tzdata-java.noarch 0:2015e-1.el6 will be installed
    ---> Package xorg-x11-font-utils.x86_64 1:7.2-11.el6 will be installed
    --> Processing Dependency: libfontenc.so.1()(64bit) for package: 1:xorg-x11-font-utils-7.2-11.el6.x86_64
    --> Processing Dependency: libXfont.so.1()(64bit) for package: 1:xorg-x11-font-utils-7.2-11.el6.x86_64
    --> Running transaction check
    ---> Package libXfont.x86_64 0:1.4.5-4.el6_6 will be installed
    ---> Package libfontenc.x86_64 0:1.0.5-2.el6 will be installed
    --> Finished Dependency Resolution
    
    Dependencies Resolved
    
    ===========================================================================================================================================================================
     Package                                             Arch                           Version                                          Repository                       Size
    ===========================================================================================================================================================================
    Installing:
     java-1.8.0-openjdk                                  x86_64                         1:1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6                            my_base                         188 k
    Installing for dependencies:
     giflib                                              x86_64                         4.1.6-3.1.el6                                    my_base                          37 k
     java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless                         x86_64                         1:1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6                            my_base                          32 M
     jpackage-utils                                      noarch                         1.7.5-3.14.el6                                   my_base                          60 k
     libXfont                                            x86_64                         1.4.5-4.el6_6                                    my_base                         137 k
     libfontenc                                          x86_64                         1.0.5-2.el6                                      my_base                          24 k
     ttmkfdir                                            x86_64                         3.0.9-32.1.el6                                   my_base                          43 k
     tzdata-java                                         noarch                         2015e-1.el6                                      my_base                         176 k
     xorg-x11-font-utils                                 x86_64                         1:7.2-11.el6                                     my_base                          75 k
     xorg-x11-fonts-Type1                                noarch                         7.2-11.el6                                       my_base                         520 k
    
    Transaction Summary
    ===========================================================================================================================================================================
    Install      10 Package(s)
    
    Total download size: 33 M
    Installed size: 104 M
    Downloading Packages:
    (1/10): ttmkfdir-3.0.9-32.1.el6.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                          |  43 kB     00:00     
    (2/10): java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64.rpm                                                                                           | 188 kB     00:00     
    (3/10): jpackage-utils-1.7.5-3.14.el6.noarch.rpm                                                                                                    |  60 kB     00:00     
    (4/10): tzdata-java-2015e-1.el6.noarch.rpm                                                                                                          | 176 kB     00:00     
    (5/10): java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64.rpm                                                                                  |  32 MB     00:00     
    (6/10): xorg-x11-font-utils-7.2-11.el6.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                   |  75 kB     00:00     
    (7/10): libXfont-1.4.5-4.el6_6.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                           | 137 kB     00:00     
    (8/10): xorg-x11-fonts-Type1-7.2-11.el6.noarch.rpm                                                                                                  | 520 kB     00:00     
    (9/10): giflib-4.1.6-3.1.el6.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                             |  37 kB     00:00     
    (10/10): libfontenc-1.0.5-2.el6.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                          |  24 kB     00:00     
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total                                                                                                                                       33 MB/s |  33 MB     00:01     
    Running rpm_check_debug
    Running Transaction Test
    Transaction Test Succeeded
    Running Transaction
      Installing : libfontenc-1.0.5-2.el6.x86_64                                                                                                                          1/10 
      Installing : libXfont-1.4.5-4.el6_6.x86_64                                                                                                                          2/10 
      Installing : 1:xorg-x11-font-utils-7.2-11.el6.x86_64                                                                                                                3/10 
      Installing : giflib-4.1.6-3.1.el6.x86_64                                                                                                                            4/10 
      Installing : tzdata-java-2015e-1.el6.noarch                                                                                                                         5/10 
      Installing : jpackage-utils-1.7.5-3.14.el6.noarch                                                                                                                   6/10 
      Installing : 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64                                                                                               7/10 
      Installing : ttmkfdir-3.0.9-32.1.el6.x86_64                                                                                                                         8/10 
      Installing : xorg-x11-fonts-Type1-7.2-11.el6.noarch                                                                                                                 9/10 
      Installing : 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64                                                                                                       10/10 
      Verifying  : ttmkfdir-3.0.9-32.1.el6.x86_64                                                                                                                         1/10 
      Verifying  : 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64                                                                                                        2/10 
      Verifying  : jpackage-utils-1.7.5-3.14.el6.noarch                                                                                                                   3/10 
      Verifying  : tzdata-java-2015e-1.el6.noarch                                                                                                                         4/10 
      Verifying  : 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64                                                                                               5/10 
      Verifying  : 1:xorg-x11-font-utils-7.2-11.el6.x86_64                                                                                                                6/10 
      Verifying  : libXfont-1.4.5-4.el6_6.x86_64                                                                                                                          7/10 
      Verifying  : xorg-x11-fonts-Type1-7.2-11.el6.noarch                                                                                                                 8/10 
      Verifying  : giflib-4.1.6-3.1.el6.x86_64                                                                                                                            9/10 
      Verifying  : libfontenc-1.0.5-2.el6.x86_64                                                                                                                         10/10 
    
    Installed:
      java-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64 1:1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6                                                                                                                          
    
    Dependency Installed:
      giflib.x86_64 0:4.1.6-3.1.el6                 java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless.x86_64 1:1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6              jpackage-utils.noarch 0:1.7.5-3.14.el6               
      libXfont.x86_64 0:1.4.5-4.el6_6               libfontenc.x86_64 0:1.0.5-2.el6                                       ttmkfdir.x86_64 0:3.0.9-32.1.el6                     
      tzdata-java.noarch 0:2015e-1.el6              xorg-x11-font-utils.x86_64 1:7.2-11.el6                               xorg-x11-fonts-Type1.noarch 0:7.2-11.el6             
    
    Complete!

      到此网络rpm仓库就搭建完毕!!

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/qiuhom-1874/p/11487456.html
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