1public virtual double Area()
2{
3 return x * y;
4}
2{
3 return x * y;
4}
调用虚方法时,将为重写成员检查该对象的运行时类型。将调用大部分派生类中的该重写成员,如果没有派生类重写该成员,则它可能是原始成员。
默认情况下,方法是非虚拟的。不能重写非虚方法。
virtual 修饰符不能与 static、abstract 和 override 修饰符一起使用。
除了声明和调用语法不同外,虚拟属性的行为与抽象方法一样。
-
在静态属性上使用 virtual 修饰符是错误的。
-
通过包括使用 override 修饰符的属性声明,可在派生类中重写虚拟继承属性。
在该示例中,Dimensions
类包含 x
和 y
两个坐标和 Area()
虚方法。不同的形状类,如 Circle
、Cylinder
和 Sphere
继承 Dimensions
类,并为每个图形计算表面积。每个派生类都有各自的 Area()
重写实现。根据与此方法关联的对象,通过调用正确的 Area()
实现,该程序为每个图形计算并显示正确的面积。
1// cs_virtual_keyword.cs
2using System;
3class TestClass
4{
5 public class Dimensions
6 {
7 public const double PI = Math.PI;
8 protected double x, y;
9 public Dimensions()
10 {
11 }
12 public Dimensions(double x, double y)
13 {
14 this.x = x;
15 this.y = y;
16 }
17
18 public virtual double Area()
19 {
20 return x * y;
21 }
22 }
23
24 public class Circle : Dimensions
25 {
26 public Circle(double r) : base(r, 0)
27 {
28 }
29
30 public override double Area()
31 {
32 return PI * x * x;
33 }
34 }
35
36 class Sphere : Dimensions
37 {
38 public Sphere(double r) : base(r, 0)
39 {
40 }
41
42 public override double Area()
43 {
44 return 4 * PI * x * x;
45 }
46 }
47
48 class Cylinder : Dimensions
49 {
50 public Cylinder(double r, double h) : base(r, h)
51 {
52 }
53
54 public override double Area()
55 {
56 return 2 * PI * x * x + 2 * PI * x * y;
57 }
58 }
59
60 static void Main()
61 {
62 double r = 3.0, h = 5.0;
63 Dimensions c = new Circle(r);
64 Dimensions s = new Sphere(r);
65 Dimensions l = new Cylinder(r, h);
66 // Display results:
67 Console.WriteLine("Area of Circle = {0:F2}", c.Area());
68 Console.WriteLine("Area of Sphere = {0:F2}", s.Area());
69 Console.WriteLine("Area of Cylinder = {0:F2}", l.Area());
70 }
71}
2using System;
3class TestClass
4{
5 public class Dimensions
6 {
7 public const double PI = Math.PI;
8 protected double x, y;
9 public Dimensions()
10 {
11 }
12 public Dimensions(double x, double y)
13 {
14 this.x = x;
15 this.y = y;
16 }
17
18 public virtual double Area()
19 {
20 return x * y;
21 }
22 }
23
24 public class Circle : Dimensions
25 {
26 public Circle(double r) : base(r, 0)
27 {
28 }
29
30 public override double Area()
31 {
32 return PI * x * x;
33 }
34 }
35
36 class Sphere : Dimensions
37 {
38 public Sphere(double r) : base(r, 0)
39 {
40 }
41
42 public override double Area()
43 {
44 return 4 * PI * x * x;
45 }
46 }
47
48 class Cylinder : Dimensions
49 {
50 public Cylinder(double r, double h) : base(r, h)
51 {
52 }
53
54 public override double Area()
55 {
56 return 2 * PI * x * x + 2 * PI * x * y;
57 }
58 }
59
60 static void Main()
61 {
62 double r = 3.0, h = 5.0;
63 Dimensions c = new Circle(r);
64 Dimensions s = new Sphere(r);
65 Dimensions l = new Cylinder(r, h);
66 // Display results:
67 Console.WriteLine("Area of Circle = {0:F2}", c.Area());
68 Console.WriteLine("Area of Sphere = {0:F2}", s.Area());
69 Console.WriteLine("Area of Cylinder = {0:F2}", l.Area());
70 }
71}