基于nginx结合openssl实现https

在未使用SSL证书对服务器数据进行加密认证的情况下，用户的数据将会以明文的形式进行传输，这样一来使用抓包工具是可以获取到用户密码信息的，非常危险。而且也无法验证数据一致性和完整性，不能确保数据在传输过程中没被改变。所以网站如果有涉及用户账户等重要信息的情况下通常要配置使用SSL证书，实现https协议。

在生产环境中的SSL证书都需要通过第三方认证机构购买，分为专业版OV证书（浏览器地址栏上不显示企业名称）和高级版EV（可以显示企业名称）证书，证书所保护的域名数不同也会影响价格（比如只对www认证和通配*认证，价格是不一样的），且不支持三级域名。测试中可以自己作为证书颁发机构来制作证书，浏览器会显示为红色，代表证书过期或者无效，如果是黄色的话代表网站有部分连接使用的仍然是http协议。

不管使用哪种方法，在拿到证书后对Nginx的配置都是一样的，所以这里以搭建OpenSSL并制作证书来进行完整说明

一、准备环境

1）nginx服务

2）ssl模块

[root@ns3 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@ns3 ~]# iptables -F
[root@ns3 ~]# setenforce 0
[root@ns3 ~]# yum -y install pcre zlib pcre-devel zlib-devel 
[root@ns3 ~]# tar xf nginx-1.16.0.tar.gz -C /usr/src/ 
[root@ns3 ~]#cd /usr/src/nginx-1.16.0
[root@ns3 ~]#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_gzip_static_module&&make && make install #后续需要的模块一次性安装

3）检测openssl是否安装

[root@ns3 ~]# rpm -qa openssl 2 openssl-1.0.1e-42.el7.x86_64

 若没有安装

[root@ns3 ~]# yum -y install openssl openssl-devel

二、创建根证书CA

1、生成CA私钥

[root@ns3 ~]# cd zhengshu/
[root@ns3 zhengshu]# openssl genrsa -out local.key 2048
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus
...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................+++
............................................................................................................................................................................................+++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
[root@ns3 zhengshu]# ls
local.key

　2、生成CA证书请求

[root@ns3 zhengshu]# openssl req -new -key local.key -out local.csr
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN  #国家
State or Province Name (full name) []:BJ   #省份
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:BJ  #城市
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:test   #部门
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:test   #主机名
Email Address []:test@test.com  #邮箱

Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:wuminyan  #密码
An optional company name []:wuminyan  #姓名
[root@ns3 zhengshu]# ls
local.csr  local.key

req: 这是一个大命令，提供生成证书请求文件，验证证书，和创建根CA
-new: 表示新生成一个证书请求
-x509: 直接输出证书
-key: 生成证书请求时用到的私钥文件
-out：输出文件

3、生成CA根证书

这个生成CA证书的命令会让人迷惑
1.通过秘钥 生成证书请求文件
2.通过证书请求文件 生成最终的证书 
 -in 使用证书请求文件生成证书，-signkey 指定私钥，这是一个还没搞懂的参数
[root@ns3 zhengshu]# openssl x509 -req -in local.csr -extensions v3_ca -signkey local.key -out local.crt
Signature ok
subject=/C=CN/ST=BJ/L=BJ/O=Default Company Ltd/OU=test/CN=test/emailAddress=test@test.com
Getting Private key

三、根据CA证书创建server端证书

1、生成server私匙

[root@ns3 zhengshu]# openssl genrsa -out my_server.key 2048 
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus
.................................+++
.........................................+++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
[root@ns3 zhengshu]# ls
local.crt  local.csr  local.key  my_server.key

2、生成server证书请求

[root@ns3 zhengshu]# openssl x509 -req -in local.csr -extensions v3_ca -signkey local.key -out local.crt
Signature ok
subject=/C=CN/ST=BJ/L=BJ/O=Default Company Ltd/OU=test/CN=test/emailAddress=test@test.com
Getting Private key
[root@ns3 zhengshu]# openssl genrsa -out my_server.key 2048 
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus
.................................+++
.........................................+++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
[root@ns3 zhengshu]# openssl req -new -key my_server.key -out my_server.csr
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:BJ
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:BJ
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:test
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:test
Email Address []:test@test.com

Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:wuminyan
An optional company name []:wuminyan
[root@ns3 zhengshu]# ls
local.crt  local.csr  local.key  my_server.csr  my_server.key

3、生成server证书

[root@ns3 zhengshu]# openssl x509 -days 365 -req -in my_server.csr -extensions v3_req -CAkey local.key -CA local.crt -CAcreateserial -out my_server.crt
Signature ok
subject=/C=CN/ST=BJ/L=BJ/O=Default Company Ltd/OU=test/CN=test/emailAddress=test@test.com
Getting CA Private Key

四、配置nginx支持SSL

[root@ns3 ~]# vim /etc/nginx.cof      #这里设置了一个软连接:lln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/sbin/
server {
        listen 80;
        listen       443 default  ssl;  #监听433端口
                keepalive_timeout 100;  #开启keepalive 激活keepalive长连接，减少客户端请求次数

                   ssl_certificate      /root/zhengshu/local.crt;   #server端证书位置
                   ssl_certificate_key  /root/zhengshu/local.key;   #server端私钥位置

                        ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:10m;         #缓存session会话
                        ssl_session_timeout  10m;                    # session会话    10分钟过期

                   ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
                   ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

        server_name   test.com;
        charset utf-8;

        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

    }
}

五、测试

输入https：//192.168.200.115