mysql5.7出现大量too many connections及too many open files错误，且配置最大连接数未生效

    too many connections是由于mysql配置中连接数过少，不足以支撑当前的并发数，too many open files是由于mysql open_files_limit的值大小不够。

    最开始mysql日志出现的错误为too many connections，mysql配置文件已经配置了最大连接数max_connections=2000，登录到mysql中，查看mysql连接收:show processlist;  (查看详细执行信息使用：show full processlist;)，发现线程数只有500多，并没有达到配置文件中的最大配置，登录mysql查看其生效的最大连接数及mysql open_files_limit

mysql> show variables like '%max_connections%';
+-----------------+-------+
| Variable_name   | Value |
+-----------------+-------+
| max_connections | 214   |
+-----------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show variables like '%open_files_limit%';
+------------------+-------+
| Variable_name    | Value |
+------------------+-------+
| open_files_limit | 1024  |
+------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

配置文件中配置的连接数2000未生效

linux一切皆文件，查看linux open files

[root@localhost work]# ulimit -a
core file size          (blocks, -c) 0
data seg size           (kbytes, -d) unlimited
scheduling priority             (-e) 0
file size               (blocks, -f) unlimited
pending signals                 (-i) 7739
max locked memory       (kbytes, -l) 64
max memory size         (kbytes, -m) unlimited
open files                      (-n) 1024
pipe size            (512 bytes, -p) 8
POSIX message queues     (bytes, -q) 819200
real-time priority              (-r) 0
stack size              (kbytes, -s) 8192
cpu time               (seconds, -t) unlimited
max user processes              (-u) 7739
virtual memory          (kbytes, -v) unlimited
file locks                      (-x) unlimited

open files的大小只有1024，需要调大一些，设置为65535

vim /etc/security/limits.conf

添加

* soft  nofile 65535
* hard  nofile 65535

重新打开ssh窗口，登录,查看设置结果

[root@localhost ~]# ulimit -n
65535

使mysql配置生效有如下两种方式

1、登录mysql，查看连接数，没有变化，还是214，在mysql开机启动服务文件中添加如下

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysql.service

LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitMEMLOCK=infinity

重启mysql

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart mysql

查看最大连接数连接数及mysql open_files_limit,可以发现open_files_limit的大小被设置为与unlimit -n大小一致

mysql> show variables like '%open_files_limit%';
+------------------+-------+
| Variable_name    | Value |
+------------------+-------+
| open_files_limit | 65536 |
+------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>  show variables like '%max_connections%';
+-----------------+-------+
| Variable_name   | Value |
+-----------------+-------+
| max_connections | 2000  |
+-----------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

2、如果未使用开机启动，使用mysql_safe也可以使配置生效，但open_files_limit的大小被设置为了10000

mysql> show variables like '%open_files_limit%';
+------------------+-------+
| Variable_name    | Value |
+------------------+-------+
| open_files_limit | 10000 |
+------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show variables like '%max_connections%';
+-----------------+-------+
| Variable_name   | Value |
+-----------------+-------+
| max_connections | 2000  |
+-----------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

总结：

    调大linux系统open files

    设置mysql max_connections 

    1、如果使用开机启动，则在service文件中添加

LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitMEMLOCK=infinity

使配置生效，并重新启动

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart mysql

2、未使用开机启动，使用mysql_safe启动(open_files_limit被设置为10000，如果不够大，可以在配置文件my.cnf中修改)

mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf &