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  • mysql分布式架构mycat

    1. 转自https://www.jianshu.com/p/5e0062f6cf62

    1. MyCAT基础架构图

     
    image.png

    2. MyCAT基础架构准备

    2.1 环境准备:

    两台虚拟机 db01 db02
    每台创建四个mysql实例:3307 3308 3309 3310
    

    2.2 删除历史环境:

    pkill mysqld
    rm -rf /data/330* 
    mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak
    

    2.3 创建相关目录初始化数据

    mkdir /data/33{07..10}/data -p
    mysqld --initialize-insecure  --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3307/data --basedir=/app/mysql
    mysqld --initialize-insecure  --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3308/data --basedir=/app/mysql
    mysqld --initialize-insecure  --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3309/data --basedir=/app/mysql
    mysqld --initialize-insecure  --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3310/data --basedir=/app/mysql
    

    2.4 准备配置文件和启动脚本

    ========db01==============
    cat >/data/3307/my.cnf<<EOF
    [mysqld]
    basedir=/app/mysql
    datadir=/data/3307/data
    socket=/data/3307/mysql.sock
    port=3307
    log-error=/data/3307/mysql.log
    log_bin=/data/3307/mysql-bin
    binlog_format=row
    skip-name-resolve
    server-id=7
    gtid-mode=on
    enforce-gtid-consistency=true
    log-slave-updates=1
    EOF
    
    cat >/data/3308/my.cnf<<EOF
    [mysqld]
    basedir=/app/mysql
    datadir=/data/3308/data
    port=3308
    socket=/data/3308/mysql.sock
    log-error=/data/3308/mysql.log
    log_bin=/data/3308/mysql-bin
    binlog_format=row
    skip-name-resolve
    server-id=8
    gtid-mode=on
    enforce-gtid-consistency=true
    log-slave-updates=1
    EOF
    
    cat >/data/3309/my.cnf<<EOF
    [mysqld]
    basedir=/app/mysql
    datadir=/data/3309/data
    socket=/data/3309/mysql.sock
    port=3309
    log-error=/data/3309/mysql.log
    log_bin=/data/3309/mysql-bin
    binlog_format=row
    skip-name-resolve
    server-id=9
    gtid-mode=on
    enforce-gtid-consistency=true
    log-slave-updates=1
    EOF
    cat >/data/3310/my.cnf<<EOF
    [mysqld]
    basedir=/app/mysql
    datadir=/data/3310/data
    socket=/data/3310/mysql.sock
    port=3310
    log-error=/data/3310/mysql.log
    log_bin=/data/3310/mysql-bin
    binlog_format=row
    skip-name-resolve
    server-id=10
    gtid-mode=on
    enforce-gtid-consistency=true
    log-slave-updates=1
    EOF
    
    cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3307.service<<EOF
    [Unit]
    Description=MySQL Server
    Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
    Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
    After=network.target
    After=syslog.target
    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target
    [Service]
    User=mysql
    Group=mysql
    ExecStart=/app/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3307/my.cnf
    LimitNOFILE = 5000
    EOF
    
    cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3308.service<<EOF
    [Unit]
    Description=MySQL Server
    Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
    Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
    After=network.target
    After=syslog.target
    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target
    [Service]
    User=mysql
    Group=mysql
    ExecStart=/app/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3308/my.cnf
    LimitNOFILE = 5000
    EOF
    
    cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3309.service<<EOF
    [Unit]
    Description=MySQL Server
    Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
    Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
    After=network.target
    After=syslog.target
    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target
    [Service]
    User=mysql
    Group=mysql
    ExecStart=/app/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3309/my.cnf
    LimitNOFILE = 5000
    EOF
    cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3310.service<<EOF
    [Unit]
    Description=MySQL Server
    Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
    Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
    After=network.target
    After=syslog.target
    
    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target
    [Service]
    User=mysql
    Group=mysql
    ExecStart=/app/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3310/my.cnf
    LimitNOFILE = 5000
    EOF
    ========db02===============
    cat >/data/3307/my.cnf<<EOF
    [mysqld]
    basedir=/app/mysql
    datadir=/data/3307/data
    socket=/data/3307/mysql.sock
    port=3307
    log-error=/data/3307/mysql.log
    log_bin=/data/3307/mysql-bin
    binlog_format=row
    skip-name-resolve
    server-id=17
    gtid-mode=on
    enforce-gtid-consistency=true
    log-slave-updates=1
    EOF
    cat >/data/3308/my.cnf<<EOF
    [mysqld]
    basedir=/app/mysql
    datadir=/data/3308/data
    port=3308
    socket=/data/3308/mysql.sock
    log-error=/data/3308/mysql.log
    log_bin=/data/3308/mysql-bin
    binlog_format=row
    skip-name-resolve
    server-id=18
    gtid-mode=on
    enforce-gtid-consistency=true
    log-slave-updates=1
    EOF
    cat >/data/3309/my.cnf<<EOF
    [mysqld]
    basedir=/app/mysql
    datadir=/data/3309/data
    socket=/data/3309/mysql.sock
    port=3309
    log-error=/data/3309/mysql.log
    log_bin=/data/3309/mysql-bin
    binlog_format=row
    skip-name-resolve
    server-id=19
    gtid-mode=on
    enforce-gtid-consistency=true
    log-slave-updates=1
    EOF
    
    
    cat >/data/3310/my.cnf<<EOF
    [mysqld]
    basedir=/app/mysql
    datadir=/data/3310/data
    socket=/data/3310/mysql.sock
    port=3310
    log-error=/data/3310/mysql.log
    log_bin=/data/3310/mysql-bin
    binlog_format=row
    skip-name-resolve
    server-id=20
    gtid-mode=on
    enforce-gtid-consistency=true
    log-slave-updates=1
    EOF
    
    cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3307.service<<EOF
    [Unit]
    Description=MySQL Server
    Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
    Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
    After=network.target
    After=syslog.target
    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target
    [Service]
    User=mysql
    Group=mysql
    ExecStart=/app/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3307/my.cnf
    LimitNOFILE = 5000
    EOF
    
    cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3308.service<<EOF
    [Unit]
    Description=MySQL Server
    Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
    Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
    After=network.target
    After=syslog.target
    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target
    [Service]
    User=mysql
    Group=mysql
    ExecStart=/app/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3308/my.cnf
    LimitNOFILE = 5000
    EOF
    
    cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3309.service<<EOF
    [Unit]
    Description=MySQL Server
    Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
    Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
    After=network.target
    After=syslog.target
    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target
    [Service]
    User=mysql
    Group=mysql
    ExecStart=/app/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3309/my.cnf
    LimitNOFILE = 5000
    EOF
    cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3310.service<<EOF
    [Unit]
    Description=MySQL Server
    Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
    Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
    After=network.target
    After=syslog.target
    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target
    [Service]
    User=mysql
    Group=mysql
    ExecStart=/app/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3310/my.cnf
    LimitNOFILE = 5000
    EOF
    

    2.5 修改权限,启动多实例

    chown -R mysql.mysql /data/*
    systemctl start mysqld3307
    systemctl start mysqld3308
    systemctl start mysqld3309
    systemctl start mysqld3310
    
    mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
    mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
    mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
    mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
    

    2.6 节点主从规划

    箭头指向谁是主库
        10.0.0.51:3307    <----->  10.0.0.52:3307
        10.0.0.51:3309    ------>  10.0.0.51:3307
        10.0.0.52:3309    ------>  10.0.0.52:3307
    
        10.0.0.52:3308  <----->    10.0.0.51:3308
        10.0.0.52:3310  ----->     10.0.0.52:3308
        10.0.0.51:3310  ----->     10.0.0.51:3308
    

    2.7 分片规划

    shard1:
        Master:10.0.0.51:3307
        slave1:10.0.0.51:3309
        Standby Master:10.0.0.52:3307
        slave2:10.0.0.52:3309
    shard2:
        Master:10.0.0.52:3308
        slave1:10.0.0.52:3310
        Standby Master:10.0.0.51:3308
        slave2:10.0.0.51:3310
    

    2.8 开始配置

    shard1

    10.0.0.51:3307 <-----> 10.0.0.52:3307

    db02

    mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "grant replication slave on *.* to repl@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123';"
    mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "grant all  on *.* to root@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123'  with grant option;"
    

    db01

    mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
    mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
    mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave statusG"
    

    db02

    mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
    mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
    mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave statusG"
    

    10.0.0.51:3309 ------> 10.0.0.51:3307

    db01

    mysql  -S /data/3309/mysql.sock  -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
    mysql  -S /data/3309/mysql.sock  -e "start slave;"
    mysql  -S /data/3309/mysql.sock  -e "show slave statusG"
    

    10.0.0.52:3309 ------> 10.0.0.52:3307

    db02

    mysql  -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
    mysql  -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
    mysql  -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show slave statusG"
    

    shard2

    10.0.0.52:3308 <-----> 10.0.0.51:3308

    db01

    mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "grant replication slave on *.* to repl@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123';"
    mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "grant all  on *.* to root@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123'  with grant option;"
    

    db02

    mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
    mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
    mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave statusG"
    

    db01

    mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
    mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
    mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave statusG"
    

    10.0.0.52:3310 -----> 10.0.0.52:3308

    db02

    mysql  -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
    mysql  -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
    mysql  -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave statusG"
    

    10.0.0.51:3310 -----> 10.0.0.51:3308

    db01

    mysql  -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
    mysql  -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
    mysql  -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave statusG"
    

    2.9 检测主从状态

    mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave statusG"|grep Yes
    mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave statusG"|grep Yes
    mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show slave statusG"|grep Yes
    mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave statusG"|grep Yes
    注:如果中间出现错误,在每个节点进行执行以下命令
    mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;"
    mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;"
    mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;"
    mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;"

    2.10 MySQL分布式架构介绍

     
    image.png
    1. schema拆分及业务分库
    2. 垂直拆分-分库分表
    3. 水平拆分-分片
    

    2.11 企业代表产品

    360 Atlas-Sharding
    Alibaba  cobar 
    Mycat
    TDDL
    Heisenberg
    Oceanus
    Vitess
    OneProxy 
    DRDS
    

    3. MyCAT安装

    3.1 预先安装Java运行环境

    yum install -y java
    

    3.2下载

    Mycat-server-xxxxx.linux.tar.gz
    http://dl.mycat.io/
    

    3.3 解压文件

    tar xf Mycat-server-1.6.5-release-20180122220033-linux.tar.gz
    

    3.4 软件目录结构

    ls
    bin  catlet  conf  lib  logs  version.txt
    

    3.5 启动和连接

    配置环境变量
    vim /etc/profile
    export PATH=/application/mycat/bin:$PATH
    source /etc/profile
    启动
    mycat start
    连接mycat:
    mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 127.0.0.1 -P8066
    

    4. 配置文件介绍

    logs目录:
    wrapper.log       ---->mycat启动日志
    mycat.log         ---->mycat详细工作日志
    conf目录:
    schema.xml      
    主配置文件(读写分离、高可用、分布式策略定制、节点控制)
    server.xml
    mycat软件本身相关的配置
    rule.xml 
    分片规则配置文件,记录分片规则列表、使用方法等
    

    5.应用前环境准备

    5.1 用户创建及数据库导入

    db01:
    mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock 
    grant all on *.* to root@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123';
    source /root/world.sql
    
    mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock 
    grant all on *.* to root@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123';
    source /root/world.sql
    

    5.2 配置文件处理

    cd /application/mycat/conf
    mv schema.xml schema.xml.bak
    vim schema.xml 
    <?xml version="1.0"?>  
    <!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">  
    <mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
    <schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="dn1"> 
    </schema>  
        <dataNode name="dn1" dataHost="localhost1" database= "wordpress" />  
        <dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"  writeType="0" dbType="mysql"  dbDriver="native" switchType="1"> 
            <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>  
        <writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123"> 
                <readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123" /> 
        </writeHost> 
        </dataHost>  
    </mycat:schema>
    

    6. 配置文件简单介绍

    6.1 逻辑库:schema

    <schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="dn1"> 
    </schema>  
    

    6.2 数据节点:datanode

    <dataNode name="dn1" dataHost="localhost1" database= "world" />  
    

    6.3 数据主机:datahost(w和r)

    <dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"  writeType="0" dbType="mysql"  dbDriver="native" switchType="1"> 
            <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>  
        <writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123"> 
                <readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.52:3309" user="root" password="123" /> 
        </writeHost> 
        </dataHost>  
    

    7. 读写分离结构配置

    vim schema.xml 
    
    <?xml version="1.0"?>
    <!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">  
    <mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
    <schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1"> 
    </schema>  
            <dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "world" />         
            <dataHost name="oldguo1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"  writeType="0" dbType="mysql"  dbDriver="native" switchType="1">    
                    <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>  
            <writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123"> 
                            <readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123" /> 
            </writeHost> 
            </dataHost>  
    </mycat:schema>
    
    重启mycat
    mycat restart
    
    读写分离测试
     mysql -uroot -p -h 127.0.0.1 -P8066
     show variables like 'server_id';
     begin;
     show variables like 'server_id';
    
    总结: 
    以上案例实现了1主1从的读写分离功能,写操作落到主库,读操作落到从库.如果主库宕机,从库不能在继续提供服务了。
    

    8. 配置读写分离及高可用

    [root@db01 conf]# mv schema.xml schema.xml.rw
    [root@db01 conf]# vim schema.xml
    
    <?xml version="1.0"?>  
    <!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">  
    <mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
    <schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1"> 
    </schema>  
        <dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "world" />  
        <dataHost name="oldguo1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"  writeType="0" dbType="mysql"  dbDriver="native" switchType="1"> 
            <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>  
        <writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123"> 
                <readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123" /> 
        </writeHost> 
        <writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.0.52:3307" user="root" password="123"> 
                <readHost host="db4" url="10.0.0.52:3309" user="root" password="123" /> 
        </writeHost>        
        </dataHost>  
    </mycat:schema>
    
    真正的 writehost:负责写操作的writehost  
    standby  writeHost  :和readhost一样,只提供读服务
    
    当写节点宕机后,后面跟的readhost也不提供服务,这时候standby的writehost就提供写服务,
    后面跟的readhost提供读服务
    
    测试:
    mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 127.0.0.1 -P 8066
    show variables like 'server_id';
    读写分离测试
     mysql -uroot -p -h 127.0.0.1 -P8066
     show variables like 'server_id';
     show variables like 'server_id';
     show variables like 'server_id';
     begin;
     show variables like 'server_id';
     对db01 3307节点进行关闭和启动,测试读写操作
     
    

    9. 配置中的属性介绍:

    balance属性

    负载均衡类型,目前的取值有3种: 
    1. balance="0", 不开启读写分离机制,所有读操作都发送到当前可用的writeHost上。 
    2. balance="1",全部的readHost与standby writeHost参与select语句的负载均衡,简单的说,
      当双主双从模式(M1->S1,M2->S2,并且M1与 M2互为主备),正常情况下,M2,S1,S2都参与select语句的负载均衡。 
    3. balance="2",所有读操作都随机的在writeHost、readhost上分发。
    

    writeType属性

    负载均衡类型,目前的取值有2种: 
    1. writeType="0", 所有写操作发送到配置的第一个writeHost,
    第一个挂了切到还生存的第二个writeHost,重新启动后已切换后的为主,切换记录在配置文件中:dnindex.properties . 
    2. writeType=“1”,所有写操作都随机的发送到配置的writeHost,但不推荐使用
    

    switchType属性

    -1 表示不自动切换 
    1 默认值,自动切换 
    2 基于MySQL主从同步的状态决定是否切换 ,心跳语句为 show slave status 
    

    datahost其他配置

    <dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"  writeType="0" dbType="mysql"  dbDriver="native" switchType="1"> 
    
    maxCon="1000":最大的并发连接数
    minCon="10" :mycat在启动之后,会在后端节点上自动开启的连接线程
    tempReadHostAvailable="1"
    这个一主一从时(1个writehost,1个readhost时),可以开启这个参数,如果2个writehost,2个readhost时
    <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>  监测心跳
    

    10. 垂直分表

     
    image.png

     
    image.png
    mv  schema.xml  schema.xml.ha 
    vim schema.xml
    <?xml version="1.0"?>
    <!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
    <mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
    <schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1">
            <table name="user" dataNode="sh1"/>
            <table name="order_t" dataNode="sh2"/>
    </schema>
        <dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "taobao" />
        <dataNode name="sh2" dataHost="oldguo2" database= "taobao" />
        <dataHost name="oldguo1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"  writeType="0" dbType="mysql"  dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
            <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
        <writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123">
                <readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123" />
        </writeHost>
        <writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.0.52:3307" user="root" password="123">
                <readHost host="db4" url="10.0.0.52:3309" user="root" password="123" />
        </writeHost>
        </dataHost>
        <dataHost name="oldguo2" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"  writeType="0" dbType="mysql"  dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
            <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
        <writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3308" user="root" password="123">
                <readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3310" user="root" password="123" />
        </writeHost>
        <writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.0.52:3308" user="root" password="123">
                <readHost host="db4" url="10.0.0.52:3310" user="root" password="123" />
        </writeHost>
        </dataHost>
    </mycat:schema>
    
    创建测试库和表:
    [root@db01 conf]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "create database taobao charset utf8;"
    [root@db01 conf]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "create database taobao charset utf8;"
    [root@db01 conf]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table user(id int,name varchar(20))";
    [root@db01 conf]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table order_t(id int,name varchar(20))"
    
    

    11. MyCAT核心特性——分片(水平拆分)

    分片:对一个"bigtable",比如说t3表
    
    (1)行数非常多,800w
    (2)访问非常频繁
    
    分片的目的:
    (1)将大数据量进行分布存储
    (2)提供均衡的访问路由
    
    分片策略:
    范围 range  800w  1-400w 400w01-800w
    取模 mod    取余数
    枚举 
    哈希 hash 
    时间 流水
    
    优化关联查询
    全局表
    ER分片
    

    12 .范围分片

     
    image.png
    比如说t3表
    (1)行数非常多,2000w(1-1000w:sh1   1000w01-2000w:sh2)
    (2)访问非常频繁,用户访问较离散
    mv schema.xml schema.xml.1  
    vim schema.xml
    <schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1"> 
            <table name="t3" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="auto-sharding-long" />
    </schema>  
        <dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "taobao" /> 
        <dataNode name="sh2" dataHost="oldguo2" database= "taobao" />  
    
    vim rule.xml
    <tableRule name="auto-sharding-long">
                    <rule>
                            <columns>id</columns>
                            <algorithm>rang-long</algorithm>
                    </rule>             
    <function name="rang-long"
        class="io.mycat.route.function.AutoPartitionByLong">
        <property name="mapFile">autopartition-long.txt</property>
    </function>
    ===================================         
    vim autopartition-long.txt
    0-10=0
    11-20=1
    
    创建测试表:
    mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t3 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
    
    mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock  -e "use taobao;create table t3 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
    
    测试:
    重启mycat
    mycat restart
    mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 127.0.0.1 -P 8066
    insert into t3(id,name) values(1,'a');
    insert into t3(id,name) values(2,'b');
    insert into t3(id,name) values(3,'c');
    insert into t3(id,name) values(4,'d');
    insert into t3(id,name) values(11,'aa');
    insert into t3(id,name) values(12,'bb');
    insert into t3(id,name) values(13,'cc');
    insert into t3(id,name) values(14,'dd');
    

    13. 取模分片(mod-long):

    取余分片方式:分片键(一个列)与节点数量进行取余,得到余数,将数据写入对应节点
    vim schema.xml
    <table name="t4" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="mod-long" />
    vim rule.xml
    <property name="count">2</property>
    
    准备测试环境
         
    创建测试表:
    mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t4 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
    mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t4 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
    
    重启mycat 
    mycat restart 
    
    测试: 
    mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.52 -P8066
    
    use TESTDB
    insert into t4(id,name) values(1,'a');
    insert into t4(id,name) values(2,'b');
    insert into t4(id,name) values(3,'c');
    insert into t4(id,name) values(4,'d');
    
    分别登录后端节点查询数据
    mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock 
    use taobao
    select * from t4;
    
    mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock 
    use taobao
    select * from t4;
    

    14. 枚举分片

    t5 表
    id name telnum
    1   bj   1212
    2   sh   22222
    3   bj   3333
    4   sh   44444
    5   bj   5555
    
    sharding-by-intfile
    vim schema.xml
    <table name="t5" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="sharding-by-intfile" />
    
    vim rule.xml
    <tableRule name="sharding-by-intfile"> 
    <rule> <columns>name</columns> 
    <algorithm>hash-int</algorithm> 
    </rule> 
    </tableRule> 
    
    <function name="hash-int" class="org.opencloudb.route.function.PartitionByFileMap"> 
    <property name="mapFile">partition-hash-int.txt</property> 
      <property name="type">1</property>  # 该配置项用于让枚举识别中文字符串值
                    <property name="defaultNode">0</property>
    </function> 
    
    partition-hash-int.txt 配置: 
    bj=0 
    sh=1
    DEFAULT_NODE=1   # 用于设定枚举值之外的数据存储节点
    columns 标识将要分片的表字段,algorithm 分片函数, 其中分片函数配置中,mapFile标识配置文件名称
    
    准备测试环境
    mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t5 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
    
    mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t5 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
    重启mycat 
    mycat restart 
    mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.51 -P8066
    use TESTDB
    insert into t5(id,name) values(1,'bj');
    insert into t5(id,name) values(2,'sh');
    insert into t5(id,name) values(3,'bj');
    insert into t5(id,name) values(4,'sh');
    insert into t5(id,name) values(5,'tj');
    

    15 . Mycat全局表

    a   b   c  d   
    join 
    t 
    
    select  t1.name   ,t.x  from  t1 
    join t 
    select  t2.name   ,t.x  from  t2 
    join t 
    select  t3.name   ,t.x  from  t3 
    join t 
    
    使用场景:
    如果你的业务中有些数据类似于数据字典,比如配置文件的配置,
    常用业务的配置或者数据量不大很少变动的表,这些表往往不是特别大,
    而且大部分的业务场景都会用到,那么这种表适合于Mycat全局表,无须对数据进行切分,
    要在所有的分片上保存一份数据即可,Mycat 在Join操作中,业务表与全局表进行Join聚合会优先选择相同分片内的全局表join,
    避免跨库Join,在进行数据插入操作时,mycat将把数据分发到全局表对应的所有分片执行,在进行数据读取时候将会随机获取一个节点读取数据。 
    
    vim schema.xml 
    <table name="t_area" primaryKey="id"  type="global" dataNode="sh1,sh2" /> 
    
    后端数据准备
    mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock 
    use taobao
    create table t_area (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);
    
    mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock 
    use taobao
    create table t_area  (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);
    
    重启mycat 
    mycat restart 
    
    测试: 
    mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.52 -P8066
    
    use TESTDB
    insert into t_area(id,name) values(1,'a');
    insert into t_area(id,name) values(2,'b');
    insert into t_area(id,name) values(3,'c');
    insert into t_area(id,name) values(4,'d');
    

    16. E-R分片

    A 
    join 
    B  
    为了防止跨分片join,可以使用E-R模式
    A   join   B
    on  a.xx=b.yy
    join C
    on A.id=C.id
    <table name="A" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="mod-long"> 
           <childTable name="B" joinKey="yy" parentKey="xx" /> 
    </table> 
    
     
     
     
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/quzq/p/13127629.html
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