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  • 3步轻松搞定Spring Boot缓存

    前言

    本次内容主要介绍基于Ehcache 3.0来快速实现Spring Boot应用程序的数据缓存功能。在Spring Boot应用程序中,我们可以通过Spring Caching来快速搞定数据缓存。

    接下来我们将介绍如何在三步之内搞定 Spring Boot 缓存。


    1. 创建一个Spring Boot工程

    你所创建的Spring Boot应用程序的maven依赖文件至少应该是下面的样子:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
        <parent>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
            <version>2.1.3.RELEASE</version>
            <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
        </parent>
        <groupId>com.ramostear</groupId>
        <artifactId>cache</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <name>cache</name>
        <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
        <properties>
            <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        </properties>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-cache</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.ehcache</groupId>
                <artifactId>ehcache</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>javax.cache</groupId>
                <artifactId>cache-api</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    </project>

    依赖说明:

    • spring-boot-starter-cache为Spring Boot应用程序提供缓存支持

    • ehcache提供了Ehcache的缓存实现

    • cache-api 提供了基于JSR-107的缓存规范

    2. 配置Ehcache缓存

    现在,需要告诉Spring Boot去哪里找缓存配置文件,这需要在Spring Boot配置文件中进行设置:



    spring.cache.jcache.config=classpath:ehcache.xml

    然后使用@EnableCaching注解开启Spring Boot应用程序缓存功能,你可以在应用主类中进行操作:

    package com.ramostear.cache;
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.cache.annotation.EnableCaching;
    @SpringBootApplication
    @EnableCaching
    public class CacheApplication {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(CacheApplication.class, args);
        }
    }

    接下来,需要创建一个 ehcache 的配置文件,该文件放置在类路径下,如resources目录下:

    <config xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
            xmlns="http://www.ehcache.org/v3"
            xmlns:jsr107="http://www.ehcache.org/v3/jsr107"
            xsi:schemaLocation="
                http://www.ehcache.org/v3 http://www.ehcache.org/schema/ehcache-core-3.0.xsd
                http://www.ehcache.org/v3/jsr107 http://www.ehcache.org/schema/ehcache-107-ext-3.0.xsd">
        <service>
            <jsr107:defaults enable-statistics="true"/>
        </service>
        <cache alias="person">
            <key-type>java.lang.Long</key-type>
            <value-type>com.ramostear.cache.entity.Person</value-type>
            <expiry>
                <ttl unit="minutes">1</ttl>
            </expiry>
            <listeners>
                <listener>
                    <class>com.ramostear.cache.config.PersonCacheEventLogger</class>
                    <event-firing-mode>ASYNCHRONOUS</event-firing-mode>
                    <event-ordering-mode>UNORDERED</event-ordering-mode>
                    <events-to-fire-on>CREATED</events-to-fire-on>
                    <events-to-fire-on>UPDATED</events-to-fire-on>
                    <events-to-fire-on>EXPIRED</events-to-fire-on>
                    <events-to-fire-on>REMOVED</events-to-fire-on>
                    <events-to-fire-on>EVICTED</events-to-fire-on>
                </listener>
            </listeners>
            <resources>
                    <heap unit="entries">2000</heap>
                    <offheap unit="MB">100</offheap>
            </resources>
        </cache>
    </config>

    最后,还需要定义个缓存事件监听器,用于记录系统操作缓存数据的情况,最快的方法是实现CacheEventListener接口:

    package com.ramostear.cache.config;
    import org.ehcache.event.CacheEvent;
    import org.ehcache.event.CacheEventListener;
    import org.slf4j.Logger;
    import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
    /**
     * @author ramostear
     * @create-time 2019/4/7 0007-0:48
     * @modify by :
     * @since:
     */
    public class PersonCacheEventLogger implements CacheEventListener<Object,Object>{
        private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(PersonCacheEventLogger.class);
        @Override
        public void onEvent(CacheEvent cacheEvent) {
            logger.info("person caching event {} {} {} {}",
                    cacheEvent.getType(),
                    cacheEvent.getKey(),
                    cacheEvent.getOldValue(),
                    cacheEvent.getNewValue());
        }
    }

    3. 使用@Cacheable注解

    要让Spring Boot能够缓存我们的数据,还需要使用@Cacheable注解对业务方法进行注释,告诉Spring Boot该方法中产生的数据需要加入到缓存中:

    package com.ramostear.cache.service;
    import com.ramostear.cache.entity.Person;
    import org.springframework.cache.annotation.Cacheable;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
    /**
     * @author ramostear
     * @create-time 2019/4/7 0007-0:51
     * @modify by :
     * @since:
     */
    @Service(value = "personService")
    public class PersonService {
        @Cacheable(cacheNames = "person",key = "#id")
        public Person getPerson(Long id){
            Person person = new Person(id,"ramostear","ramostear@163.com");
            return person;
        }
    }

    通过以上三个步骤,我们就完成了Spring Boot的缓存功能。接下来,我们将测试一下缓存的实际情况。

    4. 缓存测试

    为了测试我们的应用程序,创建一个简单的Restful端点,它将调用PersonService返回一个Person对象:

    package com.ramostear.cache.controller;
    import com.ramostear.cache.entity.Person;
    import com.ramostear.cache.service.PersonService;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
    import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    /**
     * @author ramostear
     * @create-time 2019/4/7 0007-0:54
     * @modify by :
     * @since:
     */
    @RestController
    @RequestMapping("/persons")
    public class PersonController {
        @Autowired
        private PersonService personService;
        @GetMapping("/{id}")
        public ResponseEntity<Person> person(@PathVariable(value = "id") Long id){
            return new ResponseEntity<>(personService.getPerson(id), HttpStatus.OK);
        }
    }

    Person是一个简单的POJO类:

    package com.ramostear.cache.entity;
    import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
    import lombok.Getter;
    import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
    import lombok.Setter;
    import java.io.Serializable;
    /**
     * @author ramostear
     * @create-time 2019/4/7 0007-0:45
     * @modify by :
     * @since:
     */
    @Getter
    @Setter
    @AllArgsConstructor
    @NoArgsConstructor
    public class Person implements Serializable{
        private Long id;
        private String username;
        private String email;
    }

    以上准备工作都完成后,让我们编译并运行应用程序。项目成功启动后,使用浏览器打开:http://localhost:8080/persons/1 ,你将在浏览器页面中看到如下的信息:

    {"id":1,"username":"ramostear","email":"ramostear@163.com"}

    此时在观察控制台输出的日志信息:

    2019-04-07 01:08:01.001  INFO 6704 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] 
    o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet        : Completed initialization in 5 ms
    2019-04-07 01:08:01.054  INFO 6704 --- [e [_default_]-0] 
    c.r.cache.config.PersonCacheEventLogger  : person caching event CREATED 1 
    null com.ramostear.cache.entity.Person@ba8a729

    由于我们是第一次请求API,没有任何缓存数据。因此,Ehcache创建了一条缓存数据,可以通过CREATED看一了解到。

    我们在ehcache.xml文件中将缓存过期时间设置成了1分钟(1),因此在一分钟之内我们刷新浏览器,不会看到有新的日志输出,一分钟之后,缓存过期,我们再次刷新浏览器,将看到如下的日志输出:



    2019-04-07 01:09:28.612  INFO 6704 --- [e [_default_]-1]
    c.r.cache.config.PersonCacheEventLogger  : person caching event EXPIRED 1
    com.ramostear.cache.entity.Person@a9f3c57 null
    2019-04-07 01:09:28.612  INFO 6704 --- [e [_default_]-1] 
    c.r.cache.config.PersonCacheEventLogger  : person caching event CREATED 1
    null com.ramostear.cache.entity.Person@416900ce

    第一条日志提示缓存已经过期,第二条日志提示Ehcache重新创建了一条缓存数据。

    总结


    在本次案例中,通过简单的三个步骤,讲解了基于 Ehcache 的 Spring Boot 应用程序缓存实现。文章内容重在缓存实现的基本步骤与方法,简化了具体的业务代码,有兴趣的朋友可以自行扩展。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/qwlscn/p/11490207.html
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