1、先看看有没有安装
rpm -qa | grep vsftpd
如果没有提示，说明没有安装。接下来，我们安装一个ftp。
2、yum安装vsftpd：
yum -y install vsftpd
安装完之后看看生成的配置文件：
[root@bxcsweb ~]# ll /etc/vsftpd/ 总用量 20 -rw------- 1 root root 125 10月 18 07:54 ftpusers -rw------- 1 root root 361 10月 18 07:54 user_list -rw------- 1 root root 4599 10月 18 07:54 vsftpd.conf -rwxr--r-- 1 root root 338 10月 18 07:54 vsftpd_conf_migrate.sh
3、配置vsftpd：
先说匿名浏览的公共FTP：
编辑vsftpd.conf：
vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
先在最后加上一行：
anon_root=/path/to/vsftpd
这一行指定了我们的vsftpd的目录。如果我们的ftp是一个内网公共的，这样配完之后，重启一下服务：
[root@bxcsweb ftp]# service vsftpd restart 关闭 vsftpd： [确定] 为 vsftpd 启动 vsftpd： [确定]
然后去浏览器就可以匿名浏览了。
然后说说分权限的ftp配置：
编辑vsftpd.conf：
# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf # # The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file # loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable. # Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults. # # READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options. # Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's # capabilities. # # Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out). anonymous_enable=NO # # Uncomment this to allow local users to log in. local_enable=YES # # Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command. write_enable=YES # # Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022, # if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's) local_umask=022 # # Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only # has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will # obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user. #anon_upload_enable=YES # # Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create # new directories. #anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES # # Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they # go into a certain directory. dirmessage_enable=YES # # The target log file can be vsftpd_log_file or xferlog_file. # This depends on setting xferlog_std_format parameter xferlog_enable=YES xferlog_file=/main/var/log/vsftpd.log # # Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data). connect_from_port_20=YES # # If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by # a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not # recommended! #chown_uploads=YES #chown_username=whoever # # The name of log file when xferlog_enable=YES and xferlog_std_format=YES # WARNING - changing this filename affects /etc/logrotate.d/vsftpd.log #xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog # # Switches between logging into vsftpd_log_file and xferlog_file files. # NO writes to vsftpd_log_file, YES to xferlog_file xferlog_std_format=YES # # You may change the default value for timing out an idle session. #idle_session_timeout=600 # # You may change the default value for timing out a data connection. #data_connection_timeout=120 # # It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the # ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user. #nopriv_user=ftpsecure # # Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not # recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it, # however, may confuse older FTP clients. #async_abor_enable=YES # # By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore # the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII # mangling on files when in ASCII mode. # Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service # attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd # predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the # raw file. # ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol. ascii_upload_enable=YES ascii_download_enable=YES # # You may fully customise the login banner string: #ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service. # # You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently # useful for combatting certain DoS attacks. #deny_email_enable=YES # (default follows) #banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails # # You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home # directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of # users to NOT chroot(). #chroot_local_user=YES chroot_list_enable=YES # (default follows) #chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list # # You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by # default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large # sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume # the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it. #ls_recurse_enable=YES # # When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and # listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction # with the listen_ipv6 directive. listen=YES # # This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. To listen on IPv4 and IPv6 # sockets, you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration files. # Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !! #listen_ipv6=YES pam_service_name=vsftpd userlist_enable=YES tcp_wrappers=YES #之下行是手动添加的 #anon_root=/main/var/ftp 配置分用户权限之后，这个目录就不起作用了 guest_enable=YES guest_username=ftp user_config_dir=/etc/vsftpd/vuser_conf
上面配置的具体说明：
anonymous_enable=NO 设定不允许匿名访问 local_enable=YES 设定本地用户可以访问。注：如使用虚拟宿主用户，在该项目设定为NO的情况下所有虚拟用户将无法访问。 chroot_list_enable=YES xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log 设定vsftpd的服务日志保存路径。注意，该文件默认不存在。必须要手动touch出来 ascii_upload_enable=YES ascii_download_enable=YES 设定支持ASCII模式的上传和下载功能。 pam_service_name=vsftpd PAM认证文件名。PAM将根据/etc/pam.d/vsftpd进行认证 以下这些是关于Vsftpd虚拟用户支持的重要配置项目。默认vsftpd.conf中不包含这些设定项目，需要自己手动添加配置。 guest_enable=YES 设定启用虚拟用户功能。 guest_username=ftp 指定虚拟用户的宿主用户。-CentOS中已经有内置的ftp用户了 user_config_dir=/etc/vsftpd/vuser_conf 设定虚拟用户个人vsftp的配置文件存放路径。存放虚拟用户个性的配置文件(配置文件名=虚拟用户名)
然后手动创建上面配的这个日志文件：
touch /main/var/log/vsftpd.log # 创建vsftp的日志文件
然后配置chroot_list：
shell>touch /etc/vsftpd/chroot_list shell>echo ftp >> /etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
如果没有安装db4和db4-util,运行：
yum install db4 db4-utils
创建用户密码文本/etc/vsftpd/vuser_passwd.txt：
格式是一行用户名，一行密码(我们准备创建两个用户，一个读写权限的admin用户，一个是只读权限的readUser用户)：
hjbFtpAdmin
password4Admin
hjbFtpReadUser
pswd4readUser
利用刚刚安装的db4-util生成虚拟用户认证的db文件
db_load -T -t hash -f /etc/vsftpd/vuser_passwd.txt /etc/vsftpd/vuser_passwd.db
会生成一个文件：
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 12288 11月 4 10:29 vuser_passwd.db
然后编辑认证文件/etc/pam.d/vsftpd：
全部注释掉原来语句(出于安全性考虑，我们不要本地用户的认证了，全部使用虚拟用户认证)，再增加以下两句：
auth required pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/vuser_passwd
account required pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/vuser_passwd
touch，然后vim虚拟用户个性配置文件
vim /etc/vsftpd/vuser_conf/hjbFtpAdmin
内容：
#虚拟用户admin的个性配置文件（可以写、上传、创建目录） #虚拟用户的根目录 local_root=/main/var/path/to/FTP目录 write_enable=YES anon_umask=022 anon_world_readable_only=NO anon_upload_enable=YES anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES anon_other_write_enable=YES
再给只读用户创建一个：
vim /etc/vsftpd/vuser_conf/hjbFtpReadUser
内容：
#虚拟用户个性配置文件（只读用户readUser，只能读，不能写、修改、删除） #虚拟用户的根目录 local_root=/main/var/path/to/FTP目录 write_enable=NO anon_umask=022 anon_world_readable_only=YES anon_upload_enable=NO anon_mkdir_write_enable=NO anon_other_write_enable=NO
接下来将ftp目录的属主改为“ftp”用户：
chown -R ftp /main/var/path/to/FTP目录
最后，重启服务：
service vsftpd start
分别使用两个用户登录，发现权限是不一样的。
主要参考资料：
http://www.cnblogs.com/xusion/articles/3421239.html
--------------------------------------------------2014.11.27补充：
如果遇到500 can not open xfe...log不能打开日志文件的错误就把日志文件的设置注释掉：
#xferlog_file=/main/var/log/vsftpd.log
这样就会使用默认的日志文件：xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog
如果上传文件遇到 553 Could not create file xxxx
可能是参数有问题：
[root@localhost main]# sestatus -b| grep ftp allow_ftpd_anon_write off allow_ftpd_full_access off allow_ftpd_use_cifs off allow_ftpd_use_nfs off ftp_home_dir off ftpd_connect_db off ftpd_use_fusefs off ftpd_use_passive_mode off httpd_enable_ftp_server off tftp_anon_write off tftp_use_cifs off tftp_use_nfs off
改一个：
setsebool allow_ftpd_full_access on
就成了：
[root@localhost main]# sestatus -b| grep ftp allow_ftpd_anon_write off allow_ftpd_full_access on allow_ftpd_use_cifs off allow_ftpd_use_nfs off ftp_home_dir off ftpd_connect_db off ftpd_use_fusefs off ftpd_use_passive_mode off httpd_enable_ftp_server off tftp_anon_write off tftp_use_cifs off tftp_use_nfs off
然后就ok了。
再不行就考虑将ftp文件目录chown 为 ftp
chown -R ftp ftpServerRoot
或者试试直接777（不建议这么做！）
chmod 777 ftpServerRoot
问题解决过程参考了：http://www.ithov.com/linux/130713.shtml